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LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY 


WOODS HOLE, MASS. 


LOANED By AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL History 


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Canadian Entomologist 


OTE IME Ee) OT V . 





Dactylopius longifilis, Comst. 


EDITED BY 


Rev. Cc. J: S. Bethune, MeA., D-C.L. F-RYS:e. 


LONDON, ONTARIO. 


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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XXXIV. 


ALDRICH, PROP wie vite. s. oe es.) 4 2s = oa MOSCOW, IDAHO. 
INSITE RN GIDE AWE WEh coc ano felcnetu cet on aeiaior /. . - WASHINGTON, D.C. 
BAG) PROB Bae Drees Ciersacts atl Siedsiieren terse LoGan, UTAH. 
BSTAUNGICS 9 NVASGIBEAIANUN paeeenspetcter Weta, st seceerers fe) ote ley ntarein ty ee East ENbD, Va. 
BETHUNE, REV G. J. Ss (Lhe Editor) 2...) LONDON, ONT. 

BIRD = AiGNIRWEe ese cae a aon es sure noainee aie RvEy ONG ve 

ISH EVIDILID ATS wlle (CURLS NT NGS 8 0 eign a Gusio ida plo tories ls. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CANUTE NeroN ss tiaettens cusvaee oa ta nie -Wealeec sails WASHINGTON, D. C. 
COCKERBEP SP ROBES. Dr Ane vicki cee one East Las VEGAS, NEW MEx. 
COOWPEREE EE, Ds, Ware. 2 eetaeele shear nents WASHINGTON, D. C. 
CRAWFORD, TF Art Tues At choi ator pain eva cc WEstT POINT, NEBRASKA. 
DING TARR S ON, | Gira geis re Sci evae care WASHINGTON, D. C. 
WET Ra OVRUN Gc ec IMIiRaahs wie: suche eds ttiaic os aileiesale intra MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIF. 
RON CAULIDS VDINS So Glebe i cieeeerene \.te..... AMHERST, MASS. 

PIL TEANGA SUSE oI BRR Ja DS eeaoes «Chon kcrereiion tote 6 eae OTTAWA. 

RE NIC Eee ROE. (Ga eras. steipees ticle cereale seen CARBONDALE, ILL. 
LON IE IB IR DG a) DIR Ua DEM Via c.. Ba ublonunc decom EES ele OWE: 
(CAIBROIN, JABRSINEION RN oes Sicecrd opie s oo oeodanmo eo none OTTAWA. 

GROME MER ONS AnIRG ee ren. Seen stesterete Mame HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 
ARUN Gal © INS Wienke Gi UIE: siemens teelarsre rere OTTAWA. 

HARRIS, EDWARD DOUBLEDAY............ NEw YORK. 

EAN Elen Eos SEU ERIVES ST @ INE. oo%, «ects: rere chen CARTWRIGHT, MAN. 
TOTRUNISOINIG (Con WiGaghs HAeME Pc clam ols oc Goomen ee ate PHILADELPHIA, Pa. 
RGUINGG = GiB ORIG BB iii als. «0 a. <facl ay naiaeiens ceasbemear ers LAWRENCE, MaAss. 
ROU IAL OS 1 DD) RAE) RES EO Ah any PE SG ire hoi ee Scent PHa:NIxX, ARIZONA. 
KUSNEZOMWEONIGEOUIGAS 3] co: 2 5c ae eee eee St. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. 
EATON PRED ceeiedate a os ace eekeneneeereren .. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
EOE SE ERUACIN OES ee ere coeai sit: co dis as ane eRe . CHICAGO. 

TE YAIVIEAUN eI NRSV El sete Vil See AS se) ba): “ies eevee es ee MONTREAL. 

AVINISHIN Gr EPIC a Vi ae cepa cersioaner es sno heon oaeepee em cre T READING, Pa. 

IMI@ RAW [Pele SIROIN yc Pirea tts o's aliolecoonaw a ore LONDON, ONT. 
NEEDS VAI. TRICO Re IPN DS) (Coes gine boc Sas bea LAKE FOREST, ILL. 
PAN TESA Dal | ean RPI at ne oe MRE cep xc BROOKLYN, N. Y. 

Deo TWD Teeside etn ae sds ee wos pietataid’ soba + Seles = ee tae AGRI. COLLEGE, MICH. 
PRE RG Ee VW\is ONT Grridlins <hr Re Ie, + eR LINCOLN, NEB. 

FRUEHETUN Toe PAVE ESS AGE Gree Alok. sianteninisoGnays «sc meomicmes PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
ROBE RIESON Ts GRU ARIUS = sc ctycteaashee © ate PA SOARLIN VIE linia 
SISTING RUGAUN ID aes INS ycreeyd Sch) rss eae one oe UCREDNGAGS Nig is 

SMD -PROE.“imebsesGe DORAN ay. 1 Ss. Gale. ae NEw BRUNSWICK, N. J. 
PAUIEAIG AUNGDS UW <p Nae le BS SR cox cc Pan: Sty ORE RICHMOND, IND. 

AR) CIBUIS SEI BRUMS ak Gite nics cate cuee Sri ae ee peel opel URBANA, ILL. 

ARIE EAS arule OH emir velees.. 5 sins Ante ee Se LOUISE: Mia: 

WAG ORES OE GI Ge 4) ER SE Ra ana Nh SRR, RoR eer tar eee PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
AN [CHE eaa Era he Arent Porta ccyicr tucker. Gm stoner ements MRS § TORONTO. 

VIBES DIR, 1eNOMRS Te WM loeng 5 ocienaiae © Mth Fa URBANA, ILL. 

PUN BES ES ECS artemis Gra ell Rap rardie ss a, cialet yoga eis eiebe: apse Sie sens Boston, Mass. 


TVG IMEIAME (PRO. Hoke so. oti Sa Lee eons Iowa City, Lowa, 








CRIN, ENT. VOL. AXA, PLAGE ki 


EM Walker: ele) 





CANADIAN SPECIES OF TRIMEROTROPIS 


The G anadiay Entomologist 


VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, JANUARY, 1902. NO: 5 











THE CANADIAN SPECIES OF TRIMEROTROPIS. 
BY E, M. WALKER, B. A., TORONTO. 





As only three specimens of Z7/merotropis, Stal, have been reported 
from Canada, and as the writer has taken several others, of which three 
seem to be undescribed, the present paper may be of some value as a 
preliminary notice of the Canadian species of this genus. 

The following table will serve to distinguish the species of Trimero- 
tropis known to occur in Canada. It is artificial, but as the species 
enumerated are few, the table will perhaps be of greater service than 
would a more natural one. In the notes following the table the species 
are arranged according to McNeill’s recent “ Revision of the Orthopteran 
Genus Trimerotropis,” the new species being placed according to their 
nearest affinities. 


Key to the Canadian Species of Trimerotropis. 


A’ Hind tibiz red, tegmina crossed by bands which may be conspicuous 
or faint on account of the slight contrast between them and the 
ground colour. 

a’ Disk of the metazone of the pronotum plainly lighter than the 
prozone. Bands of tegmina distinct, but formed by the segre- 
gation of numerous small spots........ 3. monticola, Sauss. 

a? Disk of the metazone not distinctly lighter than the prozone. 

b' Bands of the tegmina conspicuous, solid, and not 
formed by a segregation of small spots ; process of the 
metwzene-aciite .. | iaesce. 2 o- 4. Bruneri, McNeill. 


b® Bands of the tegmina inconspicuous, and made up of 
fuscous annuli ; process of metazone 
@otuse 04... .. 23. eRe ome oye Ceeenan Scuddl 
A® Hind tibiz never red. 
a’ Hind tibize blue. Bands of tegmina conspicuous, but made 
up of fuscous spots. Fuscous band of the wing very 
IUELOWRC Screen tne cast anes tae 2 a ci eM CLEP WLCEDES. SCUCU: 


2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





a” Hind tibie green or yellow. Bands of tegmina variable. 
b! Lower sulcus of hind femora light, with two dark bands. 

c! Tegmina long and narrow, the bands obsolete or 
represented by irregular yroups of segregated 
spots. Hind tibiz yellowish. Antennze of male 
shorter than hind femora..1. maritima. Harris. 

c’ Tegmina of ordinary length and width, the bands 
conspicuous, the basal and median being solid. 
Hind tibie green. Antenne of male longer 
than hind femora ........6. /omgicornis, n. sp. 

b® Lower sulcus of hind femora black, with one preapical 
light band. 

c! Spur of the fuscous band of the wing extending 
about half-way to the base. Tegmina either 
with distinct bands, or when this is not the 
case, not sprinkled throughout with fuscous 
annul. 

d' General colour ight or dark brown, much 
varied with fuscous. Area of the cubital 
forks in @ occupied by several rows of 
cubical cells. —Tegmina always crossed by 
well-defined bands.7. wzncudata, Scudd. 

d® Genera] colour ash-gray, varied with brown 
and white. Area of the cubital forks in 
both sexes occupied, at least in the 
basal part, by a single row of cubical 
cells. ‘legmina variable ; bands usually 


poorly developed, often entirely absent, 
but sometimes well 
defined 2 ceteo. AUTORnIANE. Tap, 
c’ Spur of the fuscous band of the wing extending 
very nearly to the base. Tegmina sprinkled 
with fuscous annuli, which show very lttle, if 
any, tendency to form bands. .8. sordida, n. sp. 
1. Trimerotropis maritima, Harris. 

Locusta maritima, Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1841, p. 178. 

Oedipoda maritima, Scudd., Mat, Mon. N. A. Orth., 1862, 
Be 47.2: 

Trimerotropis maritima, Stal, Recens. Orth., I., 1873, p. 135. 


") 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. o 





This species is found plentifully in Southern Ontario, along the shores 
of the great lakes, occurring in a form somewhat different from the typical 
one of the Atlantic Coast, and to which I have given the racial name, 
intertor (CAN. ENT., XXX., 262). 

MeNeill’s description of maritima in his recent Revision (p. 450) 
seems to have been based entirely upon specimens from the Atlantic 
Coast, and it does not fit zzterzor in all respects. ‘The width of the 
wing-band in the latter is often nearly one-fourth the length of the wing, 
whereas McNeill states that it is never as much as one-sixth; and the 
tegmina of zw¢erior often show distinct traces of three bands, which fact 
is also contrary to McNeill’s description. Moreover, the measurements 
given are much too large for the race zzterzov, although the latter is very 
variable in size. Accordingly, I give the following measurements taken 
from Ontario specimens : 

Length of body, ¢ 19 to 22 mm., 2 26 to 30 mm. 

Length of tegmen, ¢ 19 to 24 mm., 2? 27 to 31 mm. 

Length of hind femora, ¢ 11 to 12 mm., 2 43.5 to 15.5 mm. 

I have specimens from the following localities : Toronto Id., July— 
Sept.; Rond Eau, Sept. 14, 1899; Point Pelee, Aug. 7, rgqx ; Kings- 
ville, Atig...13, 1897; Walpolecid®, St..Clair River, Aug. 13. aqqri; 
Southern extremity of Lake Huron, near Sarnia, Aug. 12 and 14, 1go1. 

2. Trimerotropis ?ceruleipes, Scudd. 
Trimerotropis ceruleipes, Scudd., 2nd Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 
Apps EE: HSSO; Pp. 27. 

Mr. Scudder, to whom I sent a specimen of this insect for determi- 
nation, replied that it was “ apparently a new species near ceru/leipes, or 
else that species, which is very variable,” and remarked that he had a 
specimen like mine from Yellowstone Park. My specimens are from 
Discovery Id., near Victoria, B. C., Sept. 6, 1897; Nanaimo and Dun- 
can’s, Vancouver Id., Sept. 7, 1897. It is a very common insect on 
Vancouver Island, in both rocky and sandy districts. I found it in 


great numbers on Discovery Id., one of the numerous small islands near 
Victoria. Here it flew with a swift, low flight about the bare rocks in 
the more open places, the males producing a very rapid crepitation. 
3. Trimerotropis monticola, Sauss. 
Trimerotropis monticola, Sauss., Prodr. (Edip., 1884, p. 170. 
This is the most abundant species of the genus on the dry plains of 
Assiniboia. It bears an extraordinarily close resemblance to one of the 


4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





commonest forms of Spharagemon collare, Scudd., which is met with in 
the same situations. It can be distinguished at once, however, by the 
two-notched median carina, the Ssharagemon having but one. 

I have specimens from Moose Jaw, Ass’a, Aug. 30, 1897 ; near Wal- 
deck, Ass’a, Aug. 30, 1897; near Gull Lake, Ass’a, Aug. 30, 1897 ; Swift 
Current, Ass’a, Sept. 20, 1897; Morse, Ass’a, Sept. 20, 1897 ; Vernon, 
B. C., Sept. 10, 1897: 

4. Trimerotropis Bruneri, McNeill. 
Fladrotettix gracilis, Bruner, MSS. 
Trimerotropis Brunert, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIIL., 
IQOl, p. 423. 
I have a single male of this species, taken at Swift Current, Ass’a, 
Sept. 20, 1897. 
5. Trimerotropis citrina, Scudd. 
Trimerotropis citrina, Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IT., 
No 70; p-205- 

I have seen no Canadian specimens of this form, but it has been 

reported by Scudder from Manitoba. 


6. Trimerotropis longicornis, new species. (PI. I., figs. 1-4.) 

¢. Of medium size, dull grayish-brown, paler beneath. Head of 
average size, ash-gray below the ocellus, infuscated above. Face evenly 
but rather sparsely and indistinctly punctate throughout. Occiput con- 
siderably elevated above the pronotum, evenly convex, dark grayish- 
brown. Scutellum a little longer than broad, strongly sulcate, limited in 
front by a V-shaped depression. Median carina present, but faint. 
Lateral carina well marked, forming a very obtuse and somewhat rounded 
angle opposite the anterior margin of the eyes, from which they converge 
to meet the frontal costa. Lateral foveole triangular, rather large and 
shallow. Frontal costa failing by some distance to reach the clypeus, 
sulcate at and for a short distance below the ocellus, where it is slightly 
expanded ; above the ocellus plane and evenly punctate. Lateral carine 
of the face reaching the clypeus, but not prominent. Eyes moderately 
prominent, about as long as the genal groove. Antenne surpassing the 
hind femora by about one-fourth the length of the latter. Pronotum 
dark grayish-brown, rather short. Greatest width of disk about seven-| 
eighths of the length. Prozone somewhat elevated and tectiform, three- 
fifths as long as the metazone. Disk of metazone much lighter than the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 





prozone, being pale grayish-brown, finely granulose with a few small 
scattered black tubercles ; process very slightly obtusangulate, the sides 
straight and the tip scarcely rounded. Median carina slightly cristate 
on the front part of the metazone, but gradually fading behind into a 
mere raised line, cristate and prominent on the prozone, and distinctly 
bilobate, the anterior lobe about twice as long as the posterior, the posterior 
notch much more prominent than the anterior. Lateral carine distinct 
only on the front part of the metazone. Tegmina of ordinary length and 
width. Area of cubital forks occupied by two or three rows of irregular 
cells. Markings of tegmina very like those of Z: wincudata ; inner third 
occupied by a solid dark brown band, with a well-defined unbroken 
margin, beyond which are two others of the same colour, a solid median 
band about half as wide as the basal, and a still narrower, somewhat 
irregular and broken band between the outer and middle thirds of the 
tegmen. ‘These bands are separated by light brown bands of about the 
same width as the median band. Apical third semi-transparent, with a few 
scattered dark brown spots. Wings with the disk light yellow, apical 
portion infuscated at tip, the hyaline area rather limited in extent, and not 
definitely separated from the rather narrow fuscous band which crosses 
the wing slightly beyond the middle and does not reach the anal angle. 
Spur extending half way to the base. Hind femora externally grayish- 
brown, with a pale yellow preapical annulus and crossed by two dark 
brown, not very well defined, bands ; internally the disk, inner, and upper 
sulci, are light yellow, crossed by two black bands. Hind tibiz light 
green, with a pale yellowish sub-basal annulus. 


Length of body, 21 mm. ; length of antenn, 14.5 mm. ; length of 
head and pronotum, 7 mm.; length of tegmen, 22 mm. ; length of hind 
femora, 11.5 mm. 


Described from one male,Vernon, B.C., Sept. 10, 1897. I have another 
specimen, also a male, taken on the same date at the same locality, which 
I feel pretty sure belongs to this species, but differs so much in the char- 
acter of the wing-band and in several less important points that I have 
hesitated to place them together. In this specimen the width of the 
fuscous band in its widest part is equal to fully one-fourth the length of 
the wing, it crosses the middle of the wing in the usual way, its outer 
margin is well defined, and the apical portion of the wing is hyaline, with 
only the slightest trace of infuscation at the apex. The antennz are 


6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





somewhat shorter, but are still longer than the hind femora, the pronotum 
slightly longer, the greatest width of the disk being about four-fifths the 
length. All these points, with the exception of the character of the wing- 
band, might easily be due to individual variations, and in all other respects 
the specimens agree closely, so that the species is probably very variable 
in the markings of the wings. 

T. longicornis seems to approach Z: sadima, Bruner, but I have not 
seen the latter species. 


7. Trimerotropis vinculata, Scudd. (Pl. I., figs. 5-7.) 
Trimerotropis vinculata, Scudd., Ent. Notes, V., 1875-76, p. 25. 
Trimerotropis cincta, Sauss., Prodr. CEdip., 1884, p. 171. 

I have specimens of this species from Agassiz, B. C., Sept. 9, 1897 ; 
Vernon, B. C., Sept. 10, 1897; Revelstokejeb: (Cy Sept mig, mooye L 
found it very common at Vernon in dry, open places, but at each of the 
other localities I took but a single specimen. 

It has also been reported by Dr. Fletcher from Victoria, B. C. (Rep. 
Exp. Farms Can., 1888, 63). 


8. Trimerotropis huroniana, new species. (PI. I., figs. 8-13.) 

Of medium or rather small size ; pale ashy gray, varied with brown 
and white; in its general colour and maculation much resembling 7. 
maritima, race interior. 

Head of the ordinary size, pale ash-gray or nearly white, faintly 
mottled with darker gray. Occiput considerably (¢), very slightly (2), 
elevated above the level of the pronotum, nearly smooth; brownish fuscous, 
with paler grayish mottlings, especially externally, where they form a 
pale postocular band continuous along the margin of the disk of the pro- 
notum, with a more or less distinct band of the same colour. Below this 
pale band there is more or less indication of a grayish fuscous postocular 
band, more distinctly defined above than below, where it merges into the 
grayish mottlings of the gene. Scutellum longer than broad (¢), about 
as long as broad (9), strongly sulcate, limited in front by a V-shaped 
depression ; median carina usually distinct, especially anteriorly, some- 
times nearly obsolete. Lateral carinz sharp, lighter in colour than the disk, 
extending and slightly diverging from a point opposite the middle of the 
eye to the front margin of the eye, where they form a marked angle, and 
whence they converge, keeping a fairly straight course, to meet the frontal 
costa. Lateral foveolz rather small, triangular, moderately deep. Frontal 


~J 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





costa deeply sulcate throughout, considerably expanded at the ocellus, 
above and below which it is constricted, the sides below the lower con- 
striction diverging as they approach the clypeus, which they fail to reach. 
Lateral carinze of the face moderately prominent, reaching the clypeus, but 
less marked in the upper than in the lower portion. Eyes moderately 
prominent, as long as the genal groove (4), distinctly shorter (¢ ). 
Antenne about four-fifths (4) or five-sevenths (¢) as long as the hind 
femora, grayish brown, slightly darker apically. Pronotum expanding 
moderately on the metazone, posterior margin rectangulate, the angle 
but little rounded. Greatest width of disk about four-fifths (¢) or five- 
sixths (?) of the length. Prozone not more than half as long as the 
densely-punctate metazone ; the latter gently convex antero-posteriorly and 
very broadly convex transversely. Median carina a raised line on the 
metazone, feebly cristate on the prozone, the anterior lobe nearly twice as 
long as the posterior, the notches, especially the anterior, rather shallow. 
Lateral carine distinct only on the anterior part of the metazone. Sides 
of the pronotum with two whitish spots, the upper extending across the 
whole of the prozone, the lower between the two posterior sulci. A dark 
brown spot separates these, and extends to the anterior margin of the 
prozone. Tegmina rather long, but of average width, quite like those of 
T. vinculata in form, extremely variable in markings, sometimes being 
as strongly banded as average specimens of v/mcu/ata, sometimes perfectly 
immaculate. with an ill-defined clouding of the basal fourth. Ground 
colour ashy or light brownish gray, in average specimens with distinct 
indications of bands, a basal one occupying the basal third or fourth, and 
a median band generally represented by an irregular but fairly solid spot. 
Apical third semitransparent, often immaculate, but generally with a vari- 
able number of scattered spots, which only in very distinctly marked 
specimens form any semblance of a band. Wings very similar to those of 
vinculata, slightly less than twice as long as broad. Disk very pale 
yellow. Fuscous band nearly equal, with both inner and outer margins 
arcuate ; width about one-sixth, or a little more, the length of the wing ; 
the spur extending about half way to the base. Apical portion of wing 
hyaline, immaculate ; many of the veins whitish. Outer face of hind 
femora very light gray, with a pale yellowish preapical band, and with 
more or less distinct indications of a basal transverse fuscous band, and 
median and post-median oblique bands, these bands being generally well 


S THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 








marked in the ¢, but often indistinct in the 9. Disk of the inner face 
black, with two light bands, a median and a preapical ; the upper sulcus 
with an additional light band near the base ; lower sulcus black, with one 
preapical light band. Hind tibiz pale yellow. 


Length of body, ¢ 20 mm., 2 27 mm. 
«antenna, § 10 mmz,)/2 (o-50mmM: 
“head and: pronotum,, (¢, 7amins4) foes) mm. 
c. “otepmen, ¢ 22° niii.s 2) 2.7 maa: 
«hind 'temora,,.¢ 11 tiie “13am: 

Described from twenty-one ¢ 4, fifteen 9 9, Southampton, Ont. 
Aug. 20, 21 and 29, Igor. 

This species is closely allied to Z: wénculata and T: saxatilis, Mc- 
Neill, but I am satisfied that it is distinct from both. Mr. Scudder, to 
whom I sent a pair, gave his opinion that they agreed slightly better with 
McNeill’s description of saxafzZis than with wincu/ata, but was unable to 
decide whether it should be referred to the former or not. I tried to obtain 
specimens of saxati/is for comparison, but was unsuccessful. Neverthe- 
less, after comparing my series with McNeill’s rather brief description of 
saxatidis, | find that there are points of difference that seem to be 
constant. ‘These are as follows : 

In saxatilis the metazone of the pronotum is not more than one and 
three-quarter times as long as the prozone; in Auvoniana it is in every 
specimen in my series fully twice as long as the prozone, and sometimes 
slightly more. In saxafz/is the tegmina, though variable, are usually very 
strongly varied with fuscous, and when nearly plain it is by the suffusion 
of the ground colour with fuscous. In Auroniana the tegmina are only 
occasionally strongly varied with fuscous, and when plain it is not through 
suffusion, but merely from absence of the bands ; in other words, it is the 
darker specimens of saxati/is that have plain tegmina, whereas it is the 
lighter specimens of Auvoniana. The wings in saxatilis are relatively 
shorter than in y/ucudata, being considerably less than twice as long as 
broad. In huroniana, on the other hand, they are identical in form with 
those of wincudata, and the wing-band is as narrow as in that species, 
whereas it is broader 1n saxatidis. 

It may also be mentioned that saxa¢//‘s in Arkansas is found only on 
rocky ground, whereas Auroniana avoids rocks, being like 7: maritima, 
partial to the sandy beaches, close to the water’s edge. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. g 





From vincudata, besides differing in colour and markings, huroniana 
has a more deeply sulcate frontal costa, never being plane above the 
ocellus, and the area of the cubital forks of the wings is narrower, con- 
taining even in the @ but a single row of cubical cells in at least the basal 
portion. 

This species is particularly interesting, as it seems to replace 7. 
maritima on the northern part of the east shore of Lake Huron. in the 
vicinity of Southampton there is a limited extent of wide, sandy beach, 
north of which the shore is continuously rocky. On this beach Auroniana 
is to be found under very similar but more boreal conditions to those 
under which marztima is found further south. 


In flight it is extremely alert, and its stridulation is peculiar, being a 
very rapid but not loud crepitation, interrupted about thrice in a second, 
so that at a little distance it seems to be composed of separate notes. 
Usually three, sometimes four of these, are produced at a time. 

g. Trimerotropis sordida, new species. (PI. I., figs. 14-18.) 

Of medium or rather small size, uniform dull pale grayish-brown, 
showing very little contrast in the markings of the body and tegmina. 
Head light brownish, more or less faintly mottled and punctate with a darker 
and more grayish colour. Occiput barely or not at all elevated above the 
pronotum, somewhat roughened, slightly darker than the face. Scutellum 
fully as broad as long, strongly sulcate; the median carina usually distinct 
for some distance backwards on the occiput, and limited in front by a 
slight V-shaped ridge, in front of which is a more or less marked depres- 
sion. Lateral carine prominent and sharp, diverging to a point opposite 
the front margin of the eyes, where they form a marked angle, thence 
converging in a distinctly inciurved course to meet the frontal costa. 
Lateral foveole large, subtriangular, moderately depressed. Frontal costa 
very strongly sulcate throughout, constricted above and below the ocellus; 
the sides below the lower constriction gently diverging until they meet the 
clypeus. Lateral carinze of the face reaching the clypeus, strongly bent, very 
prominent and equally so throughout. Eyes moderately prominent, but 
not large, being even in the ¢ distinctly shorter than the genal groove. 
Antenne about four-fifths (¢) or three-quarters (2) as long as the hind 
femora, grayish-brown, darker apically. Pronotum of ordinary length, 
moderately expanded on the metazone. Process of metazone rectangulate 
or slightly acutangulate, sides straight, angle scarcely rounded. Greatest 


10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





width of disk four-fifths (7), eight- or nine-tenths (¢@), the length. 
Prozone considerably contracted, with the disk rather more than ordinarily 
wrinkled, as long as or slightly shorter than half the length of the some- 
what coarsely granulated metazone, the latter slightly convex both antero- 
posteriorly and transversely. Median carina prominent throughout, 
strongly cristate and bilobate on the prozone, the posterior notch 
especially deep and somewhat oblique ; cristate on the anterior part of 
the metazone. Lateral carinz very sharp and prominent on the metazone, 
continued forward a short distance on the posterior part of the prozone. 
They are also present to a variable extent on the anterior part of the 
prozone. ‘Tegmina rather long, of moderate width, pale dull brownish, 
sprinkled throughout with grayish fuscous annuli, which form a more or 
less distinct group occupying the basal third or fourth, and also show a 
tendency to collect in the middle of the tegmen, but do not form anything 
that could be called a band. Area of the cubital forks rather narrow, 
usually occupied by two or three rows of irregular cells, or, as in one ¢ 
which I have, by a single row of cubical cells. Wings fully three-fifths as 
wide as long; disk pale yellow ; fuscous band crossing about the middle 
of the wing not reaching the anal angle, the outer margin less curved than 
the inner, so that the band is considerably wider where it meets the outer 
margin of the wing than itis at the costal margin. Greatest width of band 
varying from one-fourth to slightly more than one-third the length of the 
wing. Spur extending very nearly to the base. Apical portion of the 
wing hyaline, with a few fuscous spots near the apex in the ¢, none of 
the veins whitish. Outer face of the hind femora plain grayish-brown, or 
with faint indications of darker bands ; inner face black, with two light 
bands, a median and a preapical, the upper sulcus with an additional light 
band near the base; lower sulcus black, with one preapical light band. 
Hind tibize pale yellowish, slightly darkened apically. 
Length of body, ¢ 20 mm., ? 23 to 28 mm. 

“  “ antenne, ¢ 8.5 to 9mm: 79 mm, 

‘* “ head and pronotum, ¢ 7 to 7.2 mm., 9 7.8 to 8.3 mm. 

“ © tegmen, ¢. 21.5 to 22mm, @ 24 to26.5. mm. 

“hind femora, ¢ 10.2 to 11 mm., 9 11.5 to 12.2 mm. 


Described from 3 ¢ gand2? 9. Moose Jaw, Ass’a, Aug. 30, 1897, 
1 g,1 9; Waldeck, Ass’a, Aug. 30, 1897, 1 ¢; Morse, Ass’a, Sept. 20, 
1897,1 dg, 1 @. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. rit 





This species is found on the semi-arid plains of Assiniboia. Its 
flight is higher and slower than that of any other Z7/merotropis 1 am 
acquainted with, resembling that of Czrcofettix, as does also the stridula- 
tion to some extent, which, however, is no louder than that of most species 
of its genus. 

In conclusion, I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Scudder 
for his valuable assistance in determining the material upon which this 
paper is based. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. 


Fig. 1, Trimerotropis longicornis, ¢, pronotum. 


pe 2, Se a@, face, front view. 
eres, # ef f, head and pronotum, from above. 
OR 3 a qf, tegmen and wing. 

ie MSs ee vinculata, 4, pronotum. 

ae oe fs ce dé , face. 

Pee als a es 2 , tegmen and wing. 
bono; a huroniana, ¢, pronotum. 

rage 9: 53 a 3, face. 

tae}, oy oC ?, tegmen. 

UII. UL a ?, tegmen. 

ca i . i 2, tegmen and wing. 

La 68 es ?, lateral view. 

sw - # sordida, 4, pronotum. 

eee Ss S ae , tace: 

Toe S ee ¢, head and pronotum. 
ET; a ee 3g, tegmen and wing. 
an) aS es Q , lateral view. 


EULECANIUM LYMANI. 


S1R,—Permit me to correct a slight error into which Mr. King has 
fallen in regard to the locality where I found the scales of Eulecanium 
Lymani, as the tree was not, as stated, at Quebec, but at St. Hilare, a 
station on the line of the Grand Trunk Railway, about twenty-two miles 
east of Montreal. I shall be happy to send specimens of this scale to 
anyone interested in scale insects. H. H. Lyman. 


12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





WEST COAST AND OTHER JASSIDA! (HOMOPTERA). 
BY E. D. BALL, COLO. STATE COLLEGE, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 
Most of the material upon which the following descriptions are based 


belongs to the National Museum, and the species are here described at the 
request of the curator, Dr. W. H. Ashmead. 


Eutettix pannosa, n. sp.—Resembling saucia and scaber in general 
appearance, smaller, darker, and with longer vertex and more generally 
reticulate elytra. Length, 9? 4.5mm., ¢ 4mm.; width, 9? 1.5mm., ¢ 
1.25 mm. 

Vertex right angled, apex blunt, three-fifths as long as its basal width, 
two-thirds as long as the pronotum, half longer on middle than against eye, 
disc slightly sloping, flat, with the apex elevated. Face retreating, form- 
ing an acute angle with the vertex, front rather broad. Elytra rather short, 
compressed at the apex, venation weak, irreguiarly reticulate, the second 
cross nervure sometimes present. 

Colour: vertex and pronotum pale cinereous or milky, heavily and 
very evenly irrorate with brownish fuscous, except that the anterior margin 
of the vertex presents six more or less definite dark spots, and the lateral 
margin of the pronotum is narrowly lined with ivory white. Elytra with 
the inner halves resembling the pronotum in colour, the outer half on either 
side milk white, with more or less of brownish reticulation, especially along 
the costal margin. ‘The brown area on the disc being heaviest along the 
margin, and shading out towards the suture, the milk white area being 
continuous with that on the margin of the pronotum and including the 
claval suture to just before the middle, when it narrows down obliquely to 
one-half the former width, and becomes obscured by the heavier reticula- 
tion toward the tip. Face closely and evenly irrorate with fuscous. 

Genitalia : female segment twice the length of the preceding posterior 
margin, rounding with a rather broad, blunt, slightly bilobed median 
projection, surface of the segment depressed either side of this tooth ; 
male valve triangular, narrower than the ultimate segment, and about 
two-thirds its length ; plates long, triangular, apices acute, three times the 
length of the valve. 

Described from eight specimens from the National Museum collec- 
tion, ‘‘ Los Angeles Co., California, Coquillett collector.” 

Eutettix fenestrata, n. sp. Form of pudlata nearly resembling 
Jucunda, but more clearly marked. Longer and narrower than either 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 





species. Pale, irregularly maculate with brown; elytra with numerous 
milk-white spots. Length, 9, 6 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. 

Vertex with the margins almost parallel, two and one-half times 
wider than long, scarcely half the length of the pronotum ; the disc slop- 
ing, but slightly depressed, transversely angled with the front, the margin 
thick and slightly produced. Front longer and narrower than in jucunda, 
the margins nearly straight. Elytra long and narrow, folded at the apex ; 
venation similar to that of jwcunda, the nervures stronger, central ante- 
apical cell very long, narrow and nearly parallel margined through the 
median half, where there are three or four rather strong cross reticulations, 
both ends enlarged, the anterior the larger and somewhat irregular in 
shape, the posterior sexangular; the claval nervures tied before the 
middle and the outer one with a cross nervure to the suture. 


Colour: vertex pale creamy yellow, a pair of crescentiform spots at 
the apex, and a pair of dots inside the ocelli black, a narrow transverse 
band back of these and parallel with the margin, dark at the ends, shading 
to brown at the middle and spreading out as a wash on the disc. Back 
of this band are three brownish ovals, the outer ones connected with the 
margins of the eyes by dark brown dots. Pronotum pale cinereous, with 
numerous fine irrorations posteriorly, and a few large dark ones on the 
anterior half. Scutellum orange, washed with brown, four ivory white 
points and two brown dots on disc. Elytra brown, the nervures still 
darker, a large number of milky white hyaline spots arranged in trans- 
verse bands, one including the first cross nervures, and a broader irregular 
one across the anteapical cells; the sutural margins darker, with three 
pairs of equidistant round spots interspaced by the white tips of the claval 
nervures ; the reflexed nervures along the costa broadened and darker 
brown. 

Genitalia : female segment but little longer than the preceding, 
posterior inargin truncate next to lateral angles, the middle half obtusely 
angularly produced, the apex of which is again produced into a short 
strap-shaped tooth, not as wide as the ovipositor, its width and length 
about equal. 

Described from a single female from Prof. Cockerell, taken in the 
Sierra Madre Mts., Mexico, by C. H. T. Townsend. 


Eutettix palliolata, n. sp.—Superficially resembling Zhammnotettix 
areola, but much broader. Pale lemon yellow, with the pronotum, 


14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








scutellum and a narrow sutural stripe extending to the apex of the elytra 
of arich testaceous brown. Length, 9 6mm., 2 5 mm. ; width, 2 mm. 

Vertex longer and flatter than is typical for the genus, over half as 
long as its basal width, two-thirds the length of the pronotum, half longer 
on middle than against eye; front broad, nearly flat above, meeting the 
vertex in an acute angle, the margin narrow; pronotum very broad and 
almost parallel margined. Elytra rather broad, broadly rounding at the 
apex ; venation obscure, somewhat irregular, a number of veinlets to the 


costa. 
Colour: vertex pale lemon yellow, sometimes slightly greenish and 


sometimes washed with brown ; pronotum and scutellum cinereous, 
washed with brown or pale brown, with traces of cinereous lines ; elytra 
creamy yellow, the scutellar and sutural margins back to the apex 
narrowly striped with testaceous brown. ‘These stripes are often narrowly 
margined with white anteriorly, including a narrow lateral margin of 
pronotum, and contain light spots as follows : a dot at the scutellar 
angle, a half circle in the margin before the middle of the clavus, a dark- 
margined spot in an enlargement of the stripe towards the apex of clavus, 
and a dot or margined spot in each of the first three apical cells. The 
brown stripes are very narrow at the apex of clavus and then enlarge as 
the elytra overlap. Face and all below pale creamy yellow. 

Genitalia: female segment twice the length of the preceding, trun- 
cate posteriorly with the median fourth produced into a blunt tooth half 
as long as its basal width and slightly notched at the apex; male valve 
short, obtusely rounding, plates together spoon-shaped, their apices 
bluntly rounding and slightly upturned. 

Described from eight specimens from the Nat. Museum collection 


labeled =) Tex.” 
‘This is a strikingly distinct species, and while not a typical Eutettix 


in the shape of the head, it seems best to place it here for the present at 


least. 
Scaphoideus scrupulosus, n. sp.—Similar to dlandus and jucundus in 


form. The elytra more flaring and with the general appearance of an 
Eutettix, except for the sharp angled vertex. Pale, with a brown band 
on base of elytra, another on tip, and a triangular saddle on the disc. 


Length, 5 mm. ; width, 1.25 mm. 
Vertex flat, acutely angular, its length and width about equal, a little 
longer than pronotum, twice longer on middle than against eye; face as 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ass 








in jucundus. Elytra moderately long, the venation obscure, and some- 
what reticulate in the brown areas, resembling that of d/andus ; costal 
margin with a large number of nervures as in that species, but in this case 
they are less regular and slightly oblique. 

Colour: vertex pale creamy, sometimes entirely washed with orange 
fulvous. In clearly marked specirnens with a dash each side the apex, a 
faint line next the margin, and an irregular crescent on the anterior disc. 
Pronotum milky, with a submarginal row of obscurely infuscate spots 
anteriorly, and often a few irregular irrorations on the disc ; elytra milky 
subhyaline, with a rather narrow basal band of pale brown, a triangular 
saddle occupying the posterior half of clavus, and extending out a little on 
to the corium, of a testaceous brown, often iridescent; the apex of the 
elytra, including all of the three inner apical cells, of a deep smoky or 
fuscous. The anterior white band is strictly transverse and parallel mar- 
gined, and is very definite ; only one or two of the principal veins show 
the brown markings across it. Back of this, however, there is more or 
less of brown reticulation, often enough to connect the dorsal saddle with 
the fuscous tip ; costal veinlets fuscous ; face lemon yellow, anterior and 
middle femora, except the apices, deep brown. 


Genitalia ; female segment nearly three times the length of the pre- 
ceding, the lateral angles broadly rounding to the posterior margin, margin 
roundingly excavate one-third the distance to the base ; trom this excava- 
“ion a long strap-like tooth extends nearly half its length beyond the two 
rounding lobes of the segment. Male valve obtusely triangular, nearly as 
long as the parallel margined, ultimate segment ; plates long triangular, 
two and one-half times the length of the valve, their apices slightly 
produced, and their margins clothed with long hairs. 

Described from four females and a male from Los Angeles, Calif. 
Coquillett collector. Type—Cat. No. (?), U. S. N. M. 

This is a strikingly distinct form in this genus, and in several respects 
suggests the modesta group of Eutettix. 


Lhamnotettix collaris, n. sp.—General appearance of clite//aria, the 
saddle longer and narrower, slightly larger and longer than that species, 
with a much longer and distinctly angled vertex. Length, ?, 6 mm. ; 
width, 1.75 mm. 

Vertex bluntly conical, nearly twice as long on middle as against eye, 
half as long as its basal width ; together with the eyes distinctly narrower 


16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








than the pronotum ; front narrow, the margins straight, elytra long and 
closely folded behind, venation indistinct. 

Colour : vertex and face creamy yellow, a pair of approximate spots 
on the apex only partly visible from above, and a narrow basal line on the 
vertex black. Pronotum behind the eyes ivory white or slightly yellowish- 
white ; that part included between the eyes deep black, scutellum black, 
elytra black, an elongate saddle extending from the apex of scutellum to 
the apex of clavus, a yellow stripe along costal margin narrow at the base, 
gradually widening until it occupies half the corium, then abruptly 
terminating just before the apical cells ; face and all below yellow, the 
antennal sockets black. 

Genitalia: female segment rather long, lateral angles slightly round- 
ing, posterior margin triangularly emarginate, with a median strap-shaped 
tooth as in c//te//aria, but shorter. 

Described from a single specimen from New York City (H. C. Park). 

Thamnotettix mendica, n. sp.—Form and general appearance of ded/7. 
Larger, and with a longer and more distinctly pointed vertex, with a pair 
of rather large approximate black spots at the apex. Length, 2 6 mm., 
¢ 5 mm.; width, 1.75 mm. 

Vertex a little over half broader than long, two-thirds longer on 
middle than against eye, apex slightly conically pointed ; front narrow, 
the margins straight, sloping directly to the clypeus ; pronotum over half 
longer than vertex. Elytra long, inclined to be flaring, venation distinct, 
similar to that of de//i and geminata. 

Colour: vertex yellow, a pair of large triangular approximate black 
spots on the rounding margin of vertex and front; face pale lemon yellow, 
the sutures fuscous, a few brown arcs on front not extending up to the 
black spots. Pronotum white or greenish-white back of the eyes, anterior 
margin between the eyes brown. Elytra brownish subhyaline, with a 
coppery reflection, the nervures greenish-white, the costal margin before 
the apical cells broadly subhyaline white. 

Genitalia: female segment half longer than the penultimate, the 
lateral angles rounding, posterior margin triangularly excavated one-third 


the depth of the segment. From the bottom of this excavation arises a 
rather broad strap-shaped tooth, which exceeds the lateral angles ; male 
valve rounding, nearly semicircular, almost as long as the ultimate 
segment ; plates three times the length of the valve, convexly rounding at 
the base, then concavely narrowing to the acute apices. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 





Described from five specimens from Fort Collins, Colo., collected by 
Mr. Van Duzee and the author, and two males from the National 
Museum, one from Santa Clara Co., the other from Los Angeles Co., 
Calif., both collected by Coquillett. 

The longer and more pointed vertex will at once separate this from 
any of the numerous varieties of de//7, montana and geminata. 


Thamnotettix bullata,v.sp.—Somewhat resembling chiragrica, smaller 
and with a narrower head, irregularly pale and fuscous, a pair of large 
black spots against the eyes in front ; elytra with the nerwares broadly 
light. Length, 5 mm. ; width, 1.6 mm. 

Vertex two and one-half times wider than long, half the length of the 
pronotum, but little longer on middle than against eyes, roundingly con- 
fused with the inflated front, which is broadest across the antennal sockets 
and abruptly narrows to the clypeus. Elytra considerably longer than 
abdomen, almost parallel margined, apex obtusely rounding, appendix 
narrow : venation distinct, the nervures broad, the central anteapical cell 
extending beyond the other two, and slightly constricted in the middle half. 

Colour: vertex pale orange, four dashes on the apex of vertex and 
front, anterior pair the larger, and a pair of large round spots occupying 
the entire space between the ocelli and the eyes, black. Pronotum 
cinereous or milky, more or less irregularly blotched with fuscous ; 
scutellum pale yellow, with two large triangular spots within the basal 
angles. Elytra sprinkled with brownish fuscous, the nervures broadly 
white, emphasized on some of the cross nervures ; face pale yellow, a few 
arcs on front brown ; antennal sockets and narrow sutural line black ; 
legs and below pale yellow, the ovipositor black. 

Genitalia: female segment about half longer than the penultimate, 
the posterior margin slightly emarginate on either side of a broad median 
lobe that about equals the slightly acute lateral angles. 

Described from three females from Los Angeles Co., Calif.; Coquillett 
collector. Received from the U. S. Nat. Museum. 

This is another of the broad-headed species of Zhamunotettix, which 
like atridorsum and chiragrica are not typical of the genus, and at the 
same time do not seem to be well placed in A¢hysanus. 

Thamnotettix languida, n. sp.—Form of Kennicotti and Coguzlletti 
nearly, but with a longer vertex and broader form. Darker than Kenaz- 
cottz, with a pair of black spots just over the margin of the vertex and 


18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





another pair on the base, a submarginal row on pronotum and a basal row 
on scutellum. Length, 2 6mm., ¢ 5 mm.; width, almost 2 mm. 


Vertex one-half wider than long, half the length of the pronotum, the 
margins nearly parallel, the apex very slightly conically produced ; face 
but slightly inclined, forming nearly a right angle with the flat, slightly 
sloping vertex ; front broad below, abruptly narrowing to the clypeus ; 
elytra rather broad, compressed behind, giving a wedge-shaped appearance 
to the insect ; venation obscure, similar to that of Kenzcotti. 


Colour : vertex yellow, sometimes washed irregularly with brown, a 
pair of dashes on base of front visible from above, and a pair of round 
spots at base black. Pronotum varying from pale or milky to olive fuscous 
on the disc, the anterior fourth pale yellow, with an irregular band of black 
spots. Scutellum yellow, with a pair of round dots between a pair of larger 
triangles of black on the base. _Elytra brown or brownish fuscous on the 
disc, shading out to subhyaline towards the margins posteriorly, the 
nervures lighter, the claval nervures milky, with the outer part becoming 
broadly so towards the apex ; face pale yellow, a few brownish arcs on the 
upper part of front below the black dashes, and sometimes a line on 
clypeus. 


Genitalia: female segment nearly twice as long as the preceding, but 
somewhat narrower, whole segment in the form of a parabolic curve, a 
second membrane appearing from under the lateral margins and extending 
back two-thirds the length of the segment; male valve very obtusely 
triangular, as wide but not over half as long as the apical segment; plates 
large, broader than the valve at base, and over four times as long, 
regularly narrowing from just beyond the base to the bluntly rounding 
apices ; margins thick and clothed with weak hairs. 


Described from eleven specimens from Los Angeles Co., Calif; 
Coquillett collector. Received from the U. S. Nat. Museum. 


This species seems to combine in part at least the characters of two 
different groups in Zhamnotettix, for while in many ways it resembles 
Kennicotti, in other characters it is allied to some of the green species. 


Errhomenellus irroratus, 0. so.—Smaller than maculatus, which it 
much resembles. Stouter bodied, and with a fuller front and more 
rounding head. Dark brown, irregularly dotted with pale yellow. 
Length, 2, 6 mm. ; width, 2 mm. 


to) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ] 








Vertex slightly less than a right angle, the apex blunt, almost twice 
broader than long, over twice longer on middle than against the small 
eyes ; disc slightly convex, separated from the convex front by a sharp, 
slightly-curved carina ; ocelli a little over their own width back of the 
carina, and about midway between apex and eye. Front broad, convex 
in both diameters, clypeus long, its depressed semicircular apex extending 
beyond the gene. Pronotum transverse, about equalling length of the 
vertex, slightly emarginate on the median half posteriorly. Elytra 
brachypterous, but little longer than the pronotum, truncate or slightly 
rounding behind, coriaceous obscuring the venation. 


Colour: dark reddish brown, vertex irregularly maculate with numer- 
ous small, round, yellow spots ; pronotum and scutellum with numerous 
irregular yellow spots. Sometimes a pair of irregular yellow stripes ending 
on the outer angles of the scutellum. Elytra very sparsely maculate, an 
irregular blotch on the apical margins just within the costa; abdomen with 
numerous small spots and a pair of irregular longitudinal stripes yellow ; 
face almost piceous with numerous fine yellow dots. 


Genitalia : female segment large, nearly twice longer than penultimate, 
the posterior margin truncate within the triangularly produced lateral 
angles, a narrow median incision, back of which the segment is distinctly 
carinate. 


Described from two females from Siskiyou Co., Calif.; collected by 
Koebele. Received from the U. S. Nat. Museum. 


PAGARONIA, 0. gen. 


Allied to Errhomenellus and Tettigonia, but with a narrower head 
than in either. Resembling Cvccus in shape of head and pronotum. 
Head distinctly narrower than pronotum, the eyes small, vertex conical, 
nearly as long as the pronotum; the front reflexed over the margin as 
in Zettigonia ; ocelli small, on the vertex just back of the suture that 
marks off the reflexed front, and one-third the distance from the eye to 
the apex. Pronotum short, emarginate behind, angularly inserted 
between the eyes, the lateral margin carinate, broadening posteriorly in a 
curve continuous with that of the anterior margin. Elytra longer than 
the abdomen, venation simple, usually but one anteapical cell—the outer. 
Face long and narrow, clypeus extending beyond the margin of the gene; 
anterior tibize simple. 


20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Pagaronia 13-punctata, n. sp.—Green, with thirteen small black 
spots on head and pronotum, and pale red lines on the elytra. Length, 
8-9 mm. ; width, 2.25 mm. 

Vertex acutely conical, one-fifth wider than long, five-sixths the 
length of the pronotum, disc flat, sloping slightly toward ocelli, slightly 
carinate behind, the carina angled near the eye on either side and 
extending back behind it; pronotum broadest across lateral angles, 
lateral margins as long as the eye, posterior margin rounding from lateral 
angles to the scutellum, then emarginate. Elytra longer than the body 
and rather broad; venation simple, the apical cells twice longer than 
broad; front much inflated transversely, but slightly narrowing to 
clypeus. 


Colour: pale green, vertex with seven black spots as follows: a pair 
on the basal suture, a pair just outside and behind the ocelli, a spot on 
either side the apex and one just before the middle of the disc. Face 
green, a black spot just under the conical apex of vertex and a pair of 
smaller ones, often obscure, on the suture just below the ocelli. 
Pronotum green with three black spots in a row across the disc, the outer 
pair on a line behind the eyes, the median one behind the middle of the 
pronotum. Elytra greenish subhyaline, sometimes with pale reddish lines 
between the nervures. 


Genitalia: female segment as long as the penultimate, the 
posterior margin very slightly produced, elevated in the middle, almost 
carinate, often giving the appearance of a slight notch; male valve 
usually entirely concealed, plates long and finger-like, three times as long 
as their combined basal width, over twice the length of the apical 
segment, narrowing toward the apex and sparsely clothed with weak 
spines. 

Described from nine specimens from Los Angeles Co., Calif. 
(collected by Koebele and Coquillett); three from Pasadena, Calif. (H. C. 
Fall), and three from Marin Co., Calif. (C. Fuchs). 

Pagaronia 13-punctata, var. triunata, n. var.— Size and structure 
of the species: Colour dirty straw yellow, sometimes washed with 
reddish ; vertex with all seven spots of the preceding species enlarged 
and somewhat irregular, the posterior pair on the disc near the margin 
instead of being in the suture, an elongate dash on the reflexed portion of 
front on either side, about midway between the apical spots and the pair 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PA 





against the ocelli. Front with twelve pairs of distinct fuscous arcs which 
emit a broad definitely-margined stripe of yellow bearing a black spot 
above. Pronotum with a submarginal row of irregular spots, heaviest 
near the margin. Elytra sometimes of a unicolorous dirty straw, 
sometimes pale yellow, with the spaces between the nervures scarlet, 
except along the costa* 

Described from four specimens from Santa Clara Co; Calif 
(Coquillett), and three from Santa Cruz Co., Calif. (Koebele). 

This is a very puzzling form and seems in several characters to 
connect the Zettigonide with the Jasside through some of the lower 
forms in that group. 


Paropulopa interrupta, n. sp.—Form of J. scanicus nearly, 
slightly smaller, vertex flat and not extending behind the eyes; colour 
very variable, usually pale straw with interrupted fuscous markings on 
pronotum and elytral nervures. Length, 2.5-3 mm.; width, 1.25 mm. 


Vertex flat or slightly depressed on the disc, deeply, coarsely pitted, 
a little over twice as long on middle as next eye, two and one-half to 
three times wider than long, the anterior margin rounding or bluntly 
angulate, face retreating, forming a very acute angle with vertex. Front 
flat, slightly depressed above, broadest across the antennal pits, from 
which ridges extend nearly to the apex, forming shallow pits between 
these and the vertex margin in which the ocelli are located. Whole face 
deeply pitted, ocelli slightly nearer each other than the eyes, clypeus 
rounding at the apex and extending some distance beyond the gene, 
Pronotum with the entire posterior margin nearly straight, anterior and 
lateral margins in a broad curve. Elytra coriaceous, apex bluntly angular, 
nervures raised, distinct, cells somewhat irregular, often a few extra 
nervures along costa, a cross nervure between the sectors before the 
anteapical cells and often two behind this opposite the anteapical cells. 

Colour: very variable, often pale straw, with more or less of fuscous 
markings on pronotum and with the nervures and margins of elytra 
interruptedly fuscous, sometimes these marks are arranged in the form of 
oblique bands. Sometimes the whole insect is of a rather uniform 
brownish fuscous and sometimes of a tawny reddish shade, the punctures 
on pronotum are usually dark marked. 

Genitalia: female segment shorter than the penultimate, the 
posterior margin trianguarly emarginate from the lateral angles clear to 


DP THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





the base in the middle, so that all that is visible of this segment is a 
triangular strip on either side from under the margin of which another 
more broadly triangular strip is exposed; male, ultimate segment very 
large, valve transverse, one-half as wide and one-third as long, the 
posterior margin truncate, plates as wide as the valve and nearly four 
times as long, apparently united for more than half their length, the 
apices broad and individually rounding. 

Described from nine specimens from Los Angeles Co., Calif. 
(Coquillett and Koebele), and four specimens from Pasadena, Calif. (H. 
C. Fall). 

This, and the following species, introduce a new subfamily into the 
American fauna. It remains only to discover a Zedra and a U/opa and 
we shall have all the European groups represented. 

Paropulopa Mexicana, n. sp.—Resembling interrupta, but larger. 
Front distinctly convex, elytra long and narrow. Pale testaceous brown 
with fuscous pitting. Length, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.25 mm. 

Vertex slightly longer and more angular than in the preceding form, 
fuller and less sharply angled with the vertex. Front full and distinctly 
convex, a slight depression under the apex of vertex, the caring under 
the ocelli very faint. Pronotum shorter and broader than in énxterrupta, 
the posterior margin straight. Elytra long, regularly tapering from both 
margins, coriaceous, the claval suture often indistinct; the venation 
similar to ¢zterrupta, but weak and irregular posteriorly, no cross nervure 
between the sectors before the anteapical cells. 


Colour: testaceous brown, with more or less of fuscous on vertex 
and pronotum, chiefly in the coarse pits. 


yenitalia: female segment two and one-half times the length of the 
penultimate, the lateral margins parallel to the middle, then suddenly 
narrowed one-fourth the width of the segment and again parallel ; 


posterior margin truncate or roundingly emarginate, with an open median 
notch. 


Described from two females from the Sierra Madre Mts., Chihuahua, 


Mex. Alt. about 7,500 ft. Collected by C. H. T. Townsend, and sent 
by T. D. A. Cockerell. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a3 





NOTES ON THE LARV OF ARCTIJ4 VIRGO, LINN, 


BY ARTHUR GIBSON, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL 
FARM, OTTAWA. 

In Dr. Dyar’s “Preliminary Notes on the Larve of the Genus 
Arctia” (Jour, N. Y. Ent. Soc., March, 1900), some interesting remarks 
are made in reference to the larve of Arctia zirgo, as to the stage 
in which the larve hibernate, and if they ever possess a dorsai stripe. 

Through the kindness of the late Mr. T. G. Priddey, of Toronto, we 
received on the roth April, 1901, three larvee of 4. virgo, collected by 
him on the sth April. Writing under date of the 8th April, to "Dr. 
Fletcher, Mr. Priddey says: “TI shall probably get more larva, but even 
now the bank under the grass where they hibernate is quite solid ice.” The 
three specimens only moulted once before maturity, viz., on the 26th 
April, 30th April, and 8th May, respectively ; so these, at any rate, 
hibernated in the penultimate stage. Mr. Dwight Brainerd tells me that 
‘at Montreal, 4. virgo generally hibernates in its second to last skin ; 
that is, it sheds its skin twice in the spring before going into pupation.” 
He also states that he has found specimens in the fall in the penultimate 
stage. In the Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 
1896, on page 13, Dr. Fyles mentions that in the spring of 1891 he 
collected larvee of this species at South Quebec, which moulted on the 4th 
May and again on the 20th May, the moths emerging on the roth July. 

With regard to the dorsal stripe, the following description of the 
full-grown larva, with the appended notes, will show that all the three 
specimens received from Mr. Priddey possessed this character : 

Length, just after last moult (30th April, rgo1), 35 mm. Beautiful 
deep black larva, with bunches of stout black bristles from tubercles 
on dorsum, and reddish bristles from tubercles on lower portion 
of sides and on venter, and a striking dorsal stripe of bright yellow 
distinct on all segments but 2 and 13. Head 3.6 mm. wide, shiny 
black, with lobes full, slightly furrowed at vertex, sparsely covered with 
short and long black hairs; mouth-parts and ocelli black; antennz 
reddish-brown. Whole skin of body deep velvety black. Tubercles 
conspicuous, bearing bunches of distinctly barbed bristles. The bristles 
from tubercle iv and from all tubercles above spiracles are deep black. 
On most segments the majority of the bristles from tubercle v are bright 
rust-red, those from the upper portion of tubercle only being black. The 


24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





bristles from all tubercles below v are bright rust-red. Tubercle i about 
one-half the size of ii; ii has a shining base. Tubercles i, ii and iii are 
black, iv behind and almost touching the spiracle very slightly reddish, 
v and vi distinctly reddish, vii and vili on venter black.  Spiracles 
yellowish-white. The thoracic feet are shiny black outside, lighter 
inside, tipped with pale brown and bear black and _ light-brownish 
bristles. The prolegs are brownish-red, and bear many rust-red bristles. 
On segment 2 there are several long thin hairs, not barbed, which slope 
forward and hang down in front of the head. On segments 11, 12 and 13 
are also some long hairs, which are faintly barbed. 

Two days after moulting the spiracles had changed to a bright orange. 
Five days after moulting the dorsal stripe was less conspicuous, being 
quite bright on and near middle of each segment, but faint (whitish) near 
division of segments. Eleven days after moulting the dorsal stripe was 
creamy white, expanded somewhat in the middle of each segment. 

Length of mature larva 55 mm., extended 60 mm.; width at widest 
part, 8.5 mm. 

Two other specimens of the mature larva differed somewhat from the 
one from which the above description was drawn. This difference was 
chiefly in the colour of the tubercles. In one of the specimens, tubercles 
iv, v and yi were partly whitish, vii and viii being black as above. In the 
other specimen, tubercle iii on abdominal segments, dorsal tubercles on 
segments 3 and 4 and tubercles vii and viii were all reddish. In this 
latter specimen tubercle ii, which was black, changed to reddish on ail 
segments but 11, 12 and 13. The dorsal stripe was distinct in both 
of these specimens, in the one case the colour being a dirty whitish, and 
in the other a beautiful orange-yellow, distinct on all segments. On 
segment 2 in this latter specimen the bristles from the front half of the 
dorsal tubercles were bright rust-red, the sanie as those from tubercles 
below spiracles, as well as nearly all the bristles from lower half of tubercle 
iv, and the median suture of head was white. 

Mr. R. J. Crew, of Toronto, who has bred 4. virgo, tells me that 
about half of all the larvee he reared had the dorsal stripe. Mr. Brainerd 
has also found the dorsal stripe to be common, and states that ‘a larva of A. 
virgo with red spiracles in one skin will oftenhavethem jet black inthe next.” 

On the morning of the 16th May one larva began to make its 
cocoon, which was very slight, being simply some leaves drawn together 
and fastened by a few threads of silk. By the morning of the 22nd May 
the larva had changed topupa. Another began to spin on the 22nd May, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ze 





and by the 29th had changed to pupa. ‘The third specimen was inflated. 
The first moth emerged on the 15th June, and the second on the 2oth 
June. At Ottawa the moths have been taken during the second week 
of july, and at Toronto the writer has collected specimens at the electric 
lights about the same time. 

Pupa.—Length, 29 mm.; width at widest part, 10.75 mm.; black, 
yellowish-brown in folds of abdomen, pruinose, as if the pupa had been 
heavily frosted—whole surface roughened. Abdomen and thorax sparsely 
covered with short black bristles. Spiracles black, shiny, conspicuous. 
Cremaster rough, shiny at base, hollowed below, bristles capitate, reddish 
brown. The pupa when first formed is reddish-yellow on dorsum of thorax ; 
wing-cases dull yellow. The ground colour of the abdomen is reddish, 
the segments are ringed with black, and in folds of segments there is much 
white. 





DR. HERMAN STRECKER. 

Dr. Herman Strecker, a widely-known sculptor, and one of the leading 
entomologists of America, died on the morning of Nov. 30, at his home in 
Reading, Pa. 

He was stricken with apoplexy on the evening of the 2oth of 
November, and passed away without regaining consciousness. He was in 
the 65th year of his age. 

Dr. Strecker was of German descent, and was born in Philadelphia, 
March 24, 1836. He inherited his fondness for scientific studies, and 
evinced this inclination at an early age. On his mother’s side were three 
naturalists of note. They were Benjamin, Edward and Richard Kern. 

He was an architect, designer and sculptor by profession. He 
located in Reading when a boy, having accompanied his father, who was 
a prominent dealer and worker in marble, at that time. Since then he 
followed the pursuit of his father. As a sculptors he gained a wide and 
enviable reputation. He produced many praiseworthy works of art. 

He began his work as an artist and sculptor in his 12th year, and 
laboured hard ever since. All his literary and scientific work, the 
immense correspondence attending the making of his collection, was done 
at night, his vocation as a sculptor taking up his daylight hours. 

He travelled a great deal, and in 1855-56 visited many islands in the 
West Indies. He also travelled in Mexico and Central America, to examine 
the old Aztec monuments, as well as to add to his collection. 


26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Dr. Strecker was one of the most eminent authorities on the Lepidop- 
tera in America. He was well versed in some of the dead languages, and 
a master of many living foreign tongues, in which works of his special 
pursuit are written. He owned the largest, most remarkable and in every 
way the most valuable collection on the American continent. It is said 
that there are but few in the world that surpass it. The Strecker collec- 
tion contains Over 200,090 specimens, gathered from every portion of the 
globe. 

In consideration of his scientific work and knowledge, the degree of 
Ph. D. was conferred upon him by Franklin and Marshall College. 

In his earlier days Dr. Strecker made frequent trips to Philadelphia, 
studying at the Phila. Acad. of Nat. Sciences all branches of natural 
history, but later devoted all his time to entomology, and finally to macro- 
lepidoptera. 

He published numerous works on Lepidoptera, for which he drew and 
coloured the plates himself. His principal work, long out of print, was 
‘Native and Exotic Butterflies and Moths.” 

He published the work under difficult circumstances ; he was a poor 
man at the time. He saved sufficient money to buy a lithographic stone, 
and then drew the group of butterflies on the first page of the work. 
This was sent to Philadelphia, printed and then returned. When the 
stone came back he repolished it and drew upon it another group. In 
this way the stone travelled to and from Philadelphia, until all the plates 
were published. All the copies were sold. ‘The demand increased, but 
no more were ever issued. 

The collection is contained in many glass-covered drawers, and each 
specimen is lahelled as to locality, etc. The collection cost many 


thousands of dollars. An attempt to describe the collection would be 
useless, but many extremely rare and valuable flies are contained therein. 
Upwards of 300 types and an equal number of co-types are in the collection. 
It is one of the most remarkable collections in the world in regard to 
aberrant and dimorphic forms. 

Dr. Strecker was constantly visited by men of science from all parts 
of the world. 

In his social relations he was cordial and affable, a genial friend and 
a good neighbour. He was reserved and unassuming in speaking of his 
own achievements. In his chosen field he ranked deservedly high. 

The scientific world loses one whom it can ill spare. He left a 
widow, son and daughter. Levi W. Mencet, Reading, Pa. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. yA 


SYNONYMICe NOTES: 


BY HENRY H. LYMAN, M. A., MONTREAL. 





In 1834 Dejean proposed the name Euchetes for a genus of 
Coleoptera, and it had thus been preoccupied for seven years when Harris 
used it in 1841 for the moth named by Drury, Lombyx Lg/e. 

In 1858 it was used for a third time by Sclater for a genus of birds, 
and in 1876 Leconte described another genus of Coleoptera under this 


same much-used name. 

As it is a well-known rule of nomenclature that a generic name can 
be used only once in the animal kingdom, all subsequent use of the term 
for other generais erroneous and must cease. 

It therefore becomes necessary to give other names, and I propose 
the name Eucuatras, from a kindred Greek word, for the genus erected by 

‘Harris. It is not necessary for me to define the genus, as it is well known, 
and this is merely a necessary change of name, the type, of course, being 
Fgle, Drury. 

For the genus erected by Leconte, I would suggest the name 
EprkuCcuaétes, the type being Fchidua, Lec. 

Leconte’s genus was described very fully in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 
XV., 319, and the type species on page 320. 

In view of what I said in my first presidential address on the subject 
of changes in generic names, it is perhaps the irony of fate that it should 
fall to my lot to myself make changes of this nature, but I can at least 
plead in extenuation, as the woman in the story did of her baby, that they 
are only very little ones. 

Recently, in working over my Notodontidz I made a rather curious 
discovery, namely, that the true Angulosa, S. & A., is the species which 
stands in our catalogues as Georgica, H.-S. On plate 83, which, by the 
way, in the English page of the text is erroneously numbered LXXVIIL, 
are shown two moths, a ¢ and 9, the former of which can only represent 
Georgica, while the latter is doubtless intended for the species which we 
have been calling Angu/osa, as its larva feeds on oak, though it really, in 
my copy at least, looks more like 4erruginea, Pack., the larva of which, 
however, feeds on birch. But this @ is figured merely as a colour variety 
of Angu/osa, as in the text it is said ‘‘the female in the figure is a variety 
of colour, most of that sex being coloured like the male.” 


28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





It therefore necessarily follows that the male of the plate, and its 
proper female, which is described, but not figured, is the true Anguosa, 
S. & A., of which Georgica, H.-S., is a synonym, and that what we have 
called Angulosa has never been properly described and named, but as 
these moths have been so Iong known under these names, it is probably 
best to allow them to stand as they are, as no injustice is thereby done, 
and the female of the species now known as Angulosa was figured by 
Smith and Abbot, though erroneously, under that name. 


THE SCIENELFIC NAME OF THE CHERRYOPRULGELY. 

BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 

In September, 1899, I published an account of a new cherry pest, 
which I called the cherry fruit-fly (Bulletin 172, Cornell Experiment 
Station). As stated on pp. 31 and 32 of this bulletin, the identity of the 
adult insect had not then been established, although the evidence strongly 
indicated that it was the fly known as Rhagoletis cingulata, Loew. 1 
kept my breeding cages containing the hibernating puparia of the insect 
in the warm greenhouse or insectary all winter, and on March gth, 1900, 
the first cherry fruit-fly emerged. It did not disappoint my expectations, 
for it demonstrated beyond further doubt that this new cherry-fruit pest is 
Rhagoletis cingulata, Loew. By May 31st nine more of the flies had 
emerged, and then cherries near the insectary were nearly half grown. 
The flies continued to emerge until July 11th in my cages, and on June 
30th I received word from Geneva that they were abundant about 
the trees where the fruit was ripening. This correspondent caught quite 
a number of the flies with sticky fly-paper hung on ashingle in a tree ; he 
said they seemed to be attracted to any bright-coloured thing like a new 
straw hat. 

Since the Bulletin was written, I have received evidence to indicate 
that the pest had been destructive during the preceding three to five 
years at Bonaparte, Iowa ; Westboro, Mass.; State College, Pa.; Batavia, 
Syracuse, Portland, and Cataraugus, N. Y. Correspondents at West- 
boro, Mass., and Clifton Springs, N. Y., think that the same insect worked 
in their cherries at least thirty-five years ago. 

Considerable damage was done by the insect in New York in 1900, 
but we heard little of it in rgor. 





Mailed January roth, 1902. 


Ue ¢ Hanattay — 

















VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1902. No. 2 











THREE NEW NOCTUIDS FROM BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 


BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 


To the courtesy of some of my correspondents from British North 
America I owe a series of specimens, some of which proved undescribed. 
The species sent by Dr. Fletcher is of some economic importance, and its 
prompt description seems desirable. The other species have been in 
MSS. for some time, and were intended to form part of a lengthy descrip- 
tive paper. Their publication together at this time gives this contribution 
a somewhat faunal character. , 


Semiophora Youngit, sp. —Ground colour varies from carneous 
gray to smoky brown, Aaate powdered with black or suffused by darker 
shadings. Front of head and tips of palpi always gray ; sides of palpi 
blackish brown. Male antennz with lengthy, slender, yellowish pectina- 
tions. Coliar inferiorly rusty red or brown, surmounted by a blackish 
or darker line or band, and more or less obviously gray tipped. Discal 
tufting gray or at least paler than ground ; patagiz a little gray speckled. 
Primaries with all the usual maculation well defined. Basal half line 
black, single, twice dentate, followed by a gray shade line. Between this 
line and base is a gray powdering, always obvious and sometimes 
prominent; beyond it on the sub-costal is another less prominent shading, 
which extends to thet. a. line. T. a. line geminate, more or less broken, 
upright or a little outcurved, outcurved in the interspaces, though not 
prominently so. Outer line black, inner line obscure, scarcely defined, 
intermediate space gray. In one example the gray included space only is 
visible. TT. p. line geminate, evenly outcurved over the cell, inwardly 
oblique, or with only a slight incurve to the inner margin. Inner line 
black or blackish, lunulate, outer line smoky, even ; included space gray, 


30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 








cut with black on the veins. S. t. line irregular yellowish or gray, puncti- 
form or continuous, preceded by a darker brown to black shading, the 
terminal space usually paler. A series of brown or blackish interspaceal 
terminal lunules. Orbicular rather large, oval, somewhat oblique, con- 
colorous or a little paler, rather prominently ringed in yellowish or gray. 
Reniform moderate in size, kidney shaped, gray or yellowish ringed, more 
or less pale powdered, and sometimes completely yellowish. No clavi- 
form. Secondaries rather even smoky brown, with a reddish tinge in the 
male, especially defined on the fringes. Beneath rosy gray to reddish ; 
primaries with disk smoky, secondaries paler basally and powdery. A 
common extra discal line. Primaries with the s. t. line marked ; second- 
aries with a discal spot. The male is more coppery red than the female. 

Expands 1.30-1.50 inches = 32-37 mm. 

Habitat.—Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Mr. C. H. 
Young. 

Two males and five females, and each different from every other. 
One male is almost uniformly carneous gray, the lines are not prominent, 
the reniform contrasting yellowish. One female is evenly blackish brown, 
the median lines reduced to the pale included spaces, and the ordinary 
spots narrowly pale ringed. A third form has all the maculation sharply 
defined as described, and the terminal space is decidedly paler than the 
rest of the wing. Between these three types the variation ranges. ‘The 
cell may be also darker, even blackish, or may be entirely concolorous 
with the remainder of the wing. One specimen recalls Platagrotis condita, 
another resembles Ade/phagrotis stellaris. 


The specimens were sent me by Dr, Fletcher, who tells me that he 
knows the early stages, and that Mr. Young has bred some of the examples 
submitted to me. It will be his pleasure to add to the history of this 
unusually variable and interesting species. ‘The dates on the specimens 
before me range from August 19 to September 7. 


Carneades infusa, n. sp.—Ground colour smoky brown, varying a little 
to a violaceous shading. Head and collar a little paler, the latter with a 
slender obscure black transverse line. Thorax concolorous, posterior tuft 
tending to become a little discoloured. Primaries with costa a little 
paler, tending to yellowish at the base, not discoloured or strongly con- 
trasting. The median lines are practically wanting. A curved black 
mark at base below median vein does not quite reach the place of thet. a. 
line. ‘T. a. line marked by a black spot in the cell, by a cross-line closing 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 


the claviform, and by a series of more or less evident black scales below 
that point. Claviform narrow, not quite reaching the middle of median 
space, black ringed, the lines almost touching. ‘IT’. p. line marked over 
the cell by a slight difference in tint between median and s. t. space, below 
that lost or barely traceable. S. t. line barely traceable. Orbicular 
irregular, black ringed, paler centered. Reniform large, broad, only a 
little constricted, hardly kidney shaped, black ringed, pale centered; both 
spots appearing slightly discoloured. The cell before, between and 
beyond the spots is blackish. Secondaries whitish, with a smoky outer 
border. Beneath powdery, the primaries gray, secondaries whitish, no 
obvious maculation. 

Expands 30-31 mm. = 1.20—1.24 inches. 

Habitat.—Cartwright, Manitoba ; Black Hills, Wyoming. 

Two indifferent males only are before me at present ; but I have had 
other and better specimens of both sexes. The species is really odedzs- 
coides without the contrasting costa and with the t. p. line lost so that 
there is an almost even shade below the cell from t. a. line to outer margin; 
the terminal space being scarcely deeper. The ground colour and general 
variation in tint are as in ode/iscoides, but the species is perceptibly 
smaller. It is type 4368 U.S. N. M. 

Hyppa Brunneicrista, n. sp.—General form and maculation of 
xylinoides, but darker throughout, more blackish gray in tinge. A rich 
deep brown shade extends longitudinally through the centre of the pri- 
maries toward the apex. Secondaries smoky blackish, somewhat paler 
basally, but with no trace of yellow as in the common species. The sides 
of the thorax are solid dark chestnut brown, while in xy/inozdes there is a 
light brown centre with a black border. Posterior thoracic tuft rusty 
brown. Abdomen blackish, without trace of yellowish tinge. In the s. t. 
space of the primaries there is a rusty brown shade from inner margin, 
prominent opposite anal angle, and gradually merging into the ground. 
Beneath uniformly darker and more powdery than in the known species. 

Expands 40-42 mm. = 1.60-1.68 inches. 

Habitat.—Calgary, Alberta, Head of Pine Creek, June 19, 22, July 
2) FU. Wolley ad: 

One male and two females are now before me, and Mr. Dod has as 
many more. He wrote under date March 9, tgo1: ‘Evidently a distinct 
species, entirely overlooked until a week ago when I was rearranging and 
relabelling my entire collection. I had looked on it as a mere seasonal 


a2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





dark form, but now find I took both forms in the same seasons. * * * * 
The g antenne are obviously different, and this has a rusty patch on 
basal tuft of thorax, and differs also in the anal angle of the primaries and 
colour of secondaries. ‘These differences are guite constant in my series.” 
The antennal difference referred to by Mr. Dod is in the greater length of 
the pectinations in this new species, and this is accompanied by an even 
greater difference in the male genitalia. Though fully as large as 
xy/linoides, this new species has the male harpes actually smaller, while 
the clasper and other processes are quite unlike. 





HYDROECIA AMERICANA SPEYER, OR HYDROECIA 
ATLANTICA SMITH. 


To whom should a species be credited: to the author who names 
it a variety and declares positively that it is not distinct from another, 
which he considers the stem, or to the author who first points out 
the specific characters and establishes its distinctness ? 

In 1875 Dr. A. Speyer, in his paper on “ Europaisch-amerikanische 
Verwandschaften,” gives first, a list of American species which he 
considers distinct from European forms, a list of species occurring in 
both countries, a list of questionable forms, and then elaborates these 
lists by a series of notes. In the list of species common to both 
countries, he enumerates Hydroecia nictitans, and afterwards points out 
some minor differences in the series before him, noting that Guenée had 
previously enumerated most of them. On page 152 of the volume he 
speaks as follows: ‘Als eigene Art wird sich die amerikanische 
Nictitans von der europaischen nicht trennen lassen, da ein vollig 
durchgreifender Unterschied zwischen beiden fehlt. Eine ausgezeichnete 
Varietat bildet sie aber jedenfalls.” 

And then he characterizes his variety as follows : 

“Var. b. Americana. Al. ant. letius latericiis s. fulvis, apice subfal- 
cato. Patr. Amer. Septentr.” 

We have, then, very clearly established what Speyer thought of the 
American form. First, he ranges it as identical with the European ; next 
he declares that there is no constant difference between the examples from 
both countries, hence specific separation is impossible, and, finally, 
he bases a varietal name on a slight difference in general colour and 


~~ 
ears 
se 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








== ——— ———— to a 


outline of the fore wings. He marks it “ Var. b.,” evidently considering 
erythrostigma as “ Var. a.,” though it is not so quoted. 

Did Speyer describe a new species by this process? He specifically 
declares that he does not, and states positively that the characters noted 
by him are not constant. In the latter point he is correct, fer, based on 
his description, the name has absolutely no standing. 

Of this opinion was Mr. Grote, for in his list of 1882 he cites 
nictitans, Bkh., with two varieties—erythrostigma, Haw., and /ucens, Tr. 
Speyer’s Americana is not cited at all, hence it was evidently considered 
a synonym, for Mr. Grote certainly knew of Speyer’s paper. 

In 1899, after a thorough study of the species of /Zydroecia, I pointed 
out a positive structural difference between the zzct:tans of Europe and 
the form that had received that name here. I was the first to claim 
specific standing for the American form, and the first to point out 
its characters. Why am I not entitled to the species? To call it by 
Speyer’s name would credit him with something he never did, and would 
give him a species he never recognized, based upon the work done by me 
twenty-four years later. 

The rule of priority is a great thing, but a little justice in its 
application is not entirely undesirable. 

I am aware that this position is not entirely in accord with Canon 
XXVII. of the A. O. U. Code, but it is nevertheless a fact that my name 
atlantica is the first ever applied to the American species resembling the 
European zzctitans. Joun B. Smiru. 


AS EFEW NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA (OF i901) IN 
SOUTHERN MANITOBA. 


BY E, FIRMSTONE HEATH, CARTWRIGHT, MAN. 


It is very curious and interesting.to observe the waves of insect life 
that annually pass over this district. For instance, some four years ago 
the genus Acronycta was strongly represented in some ten or twelve 
species. The following season that genus almost disappeared, and 
its place was taken by the old genus Agrotis, with its now numerous sub- 
divisions. Last year the various species of the genus Carneades were 
certainly in the ascendant, and occasionally there comes a year like this, 
when perhaps only an odd species or two show up in any quantity, as was 
the case more particularly with Carneades pitychrous, and while most of 


34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the great genera were almost entirely absent, one’s labours were rewarded 
by the capture of a few specimens of species comparatively rare 
hereabouts. 

The butterflies started with a great show of ‘“ Painted Ladies,” 
Pyrameis cardui (1 do not think its name has been changed lately), 
apparently hibernated specimens. Where they came from is somewhat 
of a mystery, as 1 do not recollect noticing many during the previous 
year. Owing to a succession of cold and frosty nights during May and the 
early part of June, insect life received a check, and very few butterflies 
were visible, even of what are our commonest species. ‘The Theclas and 
Pamphilas, usually abundant, were absent in nearly all species, and the 
show of “ Blues” was very meagre. /eris rape was rather more 
numerous than usual, and the finding of an occasional larva in a dish of 
cabbage made one for the moment almost fancy oneself once more 
in England. This butterfly is certainly increasing in numbers, and before 
long may become troublesome here. The only butterfly that was at all 
numerous in September was Grafta progne, and I did not see one of the 
other species of the genus that are usually equally abundant. 


Among the Noctuids, my first capture of any importance was a nice 
series of all the varieties of Homoglea hircina, both at light and at sugar. 
This moth has in past seasons been rather a rarity with me, and, with the 
exception of a single Zniocampa subterminata, was the only early species 
taken. 

On May r2th I took a single specimen of Aéston ursarius, a moth I 
have not seen for many years. On May 14th I netted a dozen or so of 
moths—and could have taken many more—flying, in the dusk, about some 
wild plum trees that were then in bloom, and much to my disgust I found 
them to be nothing but worn, hibernated Peridroma saucia. | Where did 
they come from? /. saucia was not in unusual numbers the year before, 
and I have very seldom taken any at this early date in previous years. 
Currant bloom (the wild black) did not yield anything like its normal 
harvest. Cucudlia intermedia was very scarce. Mamestra Farnhamti 
was not so numerous as usual, but, besides Plusia simplex, which is 
always to the front, I took some half dozen of Plusia precationis, a very 
scarce moth here, and one that I have only before taken in single 
specimens, at light, in August. So long as the plums, cherries and 
Amelanchier Canadense remained in bloom, sugar had no charms, and my 
sugared trees remained unproductive till quite late in the season, the only 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3) 








captures 1 made being at light, on the few damp, warm evenings that were 
vouchsafed me. 

The Sphingide appeared in their usual species and quantity. June 
2oth was rather a red-letter night in my diary, as I took at light a 
very fine Cossus, which seems different to any in my collection. I 
believe this to be a rather notable catch ; at all events, it is so to me. 
The few specimens I have were reared from larve found frozen in 
firewood during the winter, but I find them very difficult to feed to 
maturity. From the number of larve there seen, I should expect the 
moth to be far more in evidence, but it seems to be of a very retiring 
disposition, and conceals its beauties from vulgar gaze. Although 


? 


Noctuids were very scarce, some specimens of Geometers and ‘ Micros’ 
generally were more than ordinarily abundant. I must have added some 
fifleen or twenty species, which are as yet undetermined, to my collection. 

In August, sugar proved more attractive, though nothing very special 
turned up. In a note to Mr. Hanham’s list of our Manitoban moths, 
recently published in the CanapIAN EnromotocistT, Dr. J. B. Smith says 
that from material furnished by myself he thought that Carneades 
incallida and C. guinguelinea must be taken as one species. I thought 
so too at the time, but further observation of a long series of living 
specimens induces me to think that a separation can be made into two 
groups. One, which I take to be C. incallida, has rather broader 
primaries of a dull, nearly white, colour, with the lines pale and 

‘indistinct. The other group, Carneades guinguelinea, has the primaries 
slightly narrower and of a more glossy, bluish-white colour, with the lines 
strongly marked. Besides these groups there is a residuum of old worn 
specimens of which it is very difficult to say to which species they belong. 

Many of our usual autumn Geometers were absent, but I was pleased 
to take two or three Hybernia tiliaria, a moth I have not seen for many 
years. 

A few species of Hydrcecia came to light, among them being single 
specimens of ze/ita, Strecker, and /rigida, Smith, and also cataphracta, 
which last is new to the Manitoban list. 

The autumn Plusias were altogether wanting. 

That curious moth, so singular in its habits, U/eus plicatus, has been 
more than commonly numerous. I have only taken a single specimen 
outside the house at light, but inside, from October to the beginning of 


36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





December, according as the weather was mild or otherwise, I have taken 
from six to a dozen annually. 

No particular case of insect damage came under my notice. The 
grasshoppers have not reached us, and our soil is toc heavy for them to 
flourish thereon. Our very severe winters and late frosts in May and 
June seem to keep all insect life in due bounds, but the latter are 
also detrimental to our crops. 


THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
The following census of the Lepidoptera in the U. S. National 


Museum was made in December, 1got: 

















No. of 
No. of No. of inflated No. of 
specimens. species. larve. types. 
ILECUHES art g's fcs- - ole wis ee oo) oe LSGOOO 2,408 290 29 
SpOINgIde..... 5... 1,214 251 109 fe) 
SUMMA TIS: Pinerte. As ess 5 ann! e's, Sie lOO 168 170 I 
Arctians and allies.... 4,756 863 402 48 
Paere LMC be eet iii.cc vot esis sd 24 epee ORSOm 2,367 545 509 
Lasiocampide, Notodontide, etc. 3,390 505 687 £7 
RGM MeN pels 2). sis. b's 6 S724 233 449 103 
Sesiide, Limacodide, etc.. .... 2,582 471 172 29 
Pyralidz and Pterophoride .... 9,216 1,366 Il 47 
Aoi (e (eS 5 eh eee: Tyo 2 724 77 23 
aimerGes (sens. lat.) os... os so meee 1,797 56 179 
Material not yet placed in the 
reeularicollection.... ....,. -,EOQ;2b0m mest) G0e 421 251 
AlcoholicMative........ .. (est. greog 
Pups, cocoons, ietc...... .. (est) 2600 
ID IPNGATES ehcp. ee 6s a Se ee 208 
126,092 12,653 3,697 1,246 
Add inflated larve as above.... 3,697 
Total number of specimens. ... 129,789 


Comparison with other American collections is invited. 


Harrison G. Dyar. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 





COLORADO BOMBID£€. 
BYE. S. G. TITUS, URBANA, IL. 


During 1goo-o1 I made some studies on the Bombidee occurring in 
Colorado. This paper is an abstract of those studies, the main body of 
which is in an unpublished thesis deposited with the Secretary of the 
State Board of Agriculture at Ft. Collins, Colorado. The material used is 
in the collection at the State Agricultural College of Colorado, and in my 
own collection ; also a few specimens at the U. S. Nat. Mus. Most of 
the collection passed through the hands of Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead, who 
corrected determinations and who very kindly looked over the table 
given below, not only making corrections in it, but adding some species I 
had not recognized. 

It will, of course, be understood that colour characters referred to in 
the table a/ways mean colour of pubescence. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


I.—Abdomen without orange-red band. 
Dorsum of thorax generally entirely yellow. 
A. Apex of abdomen black. 


inst sepment yellow, srestiplacles. Gi is ).5 5.84 4.4 2 . Vargemicns: 
First segment yellow, next three fulvous...............dorsadlis. 
First two segments yellow, rest black ................. vagans. 
First two and basal middle of third segment yellow, 

rest black . Be aes: ; 4 tie ne den 1 ALOPP SOME Ou. 
First three seoments Bren ee yellow, rest glossy 

black . eae PER, <2 ~u PCr plenus, 
First three one Fiddle of fouretie segment allows) rest 

black. LR ay alice bs! fa: oth Sie 2) AL OP ESOMTT. oo 8 


AA. Apex of abdomen fulvous. 
First three segments yellow, rest, except apex, 
Bidets atileat iia t=. + s+ « a eeeeeeans a aval, LIU ASONICUS: die 


Dorsum of thorax more or less black on the disk. 
A. Apex of abdomen black. 
First segment yellow, basal middle of second yellow or tawny, rest 
black .. Pager : rete tists sacle’ 3 SCPATELES. 
First ieee aeeméits neilow. rest black. Sab 3). VED ETISIS A 
AA. Apex of abdomen black and fulvous. 
Hirabinsce’seaments yellowss,..40..0.. 0s 2... ,LVevadenstse7, 


35 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Dorsum of thorax banded with black. 
A Whorax before the band: white: >... ..../. scgetmeeua = 14-0 epee s: 
AA. Thorax before the band yellow, scutellum yellow. 


B. Apex of abdomen black. 
First segment and second (except basal middle) 


V CLLORY sine sere te greene: ; i Warmer 11170" 
First, second partly, and fouEte segments yellow, rest 

black . vo be kobe win Ee aoe ote eam nt EL ae eae 
First and an Sexmisnts yellow. yop set eS CHICLLAT TS. 1g 
First four segments yellow 79... sean ETO LAUS. 2 ee 
First four segments lemon-yellow............ .sonorus, Q. 
First, second, fourth and fifth (partly) yellow. 

Venter mearly*bare >...) 52. eee 2 ea IE 


Venter and legs atin long véllguien ae .Putnamil, &. 


BB. Apex white. 
First two segments black, third fulvous, fourth to sixth 
segments white.......2. .. 22. Govoradensis, 2°, var.nov. 
First two and fourth segments black............proximus. 
First, second partly, and fourth segments black. . Howardiz. 


BBB. Abdomen, except apex, ochreous or yellow. 
Apex tufted with black, wings uniformly 
fuscous. . ee : Ris sb. eS OL ULES) 3G 
Apex faivouee or falvone yellows wings subhyaline basally, 
broadly fuscous at apical third........Pennsylvanicus, 3. 


AAA. Thorax before the band yellow, scutellum more or less black. 
First segment black, vertex with two yellow patches.terricola, ? . 
First segment partly yellow, vertex all black.. Pexusy/vanicus, 2. 
‘‘ All the dorsal segments clothed with a fulvous 
pubescence”... .. . ...geeaeerereae 2 20as2, 0. SP Acimeate 


I].—Abdomen with a more or less distinct orange-red band. 


Dorsum of thorax more or less distinctly banded with black. 
A. Apex of abdomen black or nearly so. 
B. First and fourth segments, second at least partly, and third seg- 
ment entirely, orange-red. 
C. Scutellum all yellow. 
Second segment all orange-red, face yellow...... ternartus. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 





Second segment orange-red, face pale, black hairs above 


antenne’...'... byaiels s sieial te SLCCOLG 
Second segment efit ae middle aller: 1... rufocinetus. 
CC. Scutellum and second segment partly black, remainder of 
Seeonel sepment Orange-red.).. 2.320522 a-65 2 sos OCS ORCUS: 
BB. First two segments yellow, third and fourth orange-red. 
Scutellum all yellow......... ay, . Juxtus. 
Scutellum partly black, horas anteriorly eed aay 
black. . ante eres) mies Sighs eiatsh se [LOUIE MOMs 


AA. Apex of Wabiien's not satirely Wea 
Apex of abdomen ss eels first two segments yellow, third 


black. . en : it eye aosa ul at OO PELO CHS or 
Apex of Ridomen not so Mbgioht: some yellow aed with fulvous 
EQIOUI resin. 5: 5, MacmeemeeE eee echt deabeinba seen CommenEe 


Dorsum of thorax with mixed pubescence. 
First two segments pale, third black, apex orange-red... .. .. mixtus. 


All localities in the following list are in Colorado, except where 
otherwise stated. 

B. dorsalis, Cress., 1878. 

Mr. Ashmead, in looking over my table, has written in “ First 
segment yellow, 2, 3 and 4 fulvous...........dorsalis, 9.” Ihave not 
seen the specimens the note was upon. 

B. separatus, Cress., 1863. 

Seale 2 July 20, August 8 (C. Stannard) at Ft. Collins: f 

Henderson, August 30 (Gillette). 
B. Morrisonii, Cress., 1878. 
? May tro, June 8, 9, September 15 ; ce) July 20, 24; ¢ September 


22, at Ft. Collins. 2 9 July 13, Trinidad; August 5, Antonito 
(Gillette). @ ¢ August 21, Cerro Summit ; August 19, Horsetooth 
Gulch. & August 22, Cimmaron. Taken on C/leome  serrulata, 


Mentselia multiflora, Helianthus annuus, 7, hermopsis montanum, Alnus 
viridis and “ wild rose.” 

This very distinct species is one of the largest and finest Colorado 
Bombide ; and is found not uncommonly in Colorado and New Mexico. 
B. perplexus, Cress., 1863. 

One ¢ September 22, Ft. Collins, which I doubtfully refer to this 
species, The pubescence is beautifully bright, and the black hairs are 


10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


very glossy. The second joint of the maxillary palpi is very long, the 
relation of first to second being as 2 to rg. 
L. perplexus, var. Hudsonicus, Cress., 1863. 

Prof. Cockerell records this variety from Cusack Rch, Custer Co., 
Colo., August 3. The type locality is ** Hudson Bay Terr.,” not 
* Hudson” as given by Dalla Torre. 


B. Nevadensis, Cress., 1874. 

B. improbus, Cress., 1878, ¢. 

2 ce) June, July 12, 24, August 6, 18, at Ft. Collins; 9 ¢ July 31, 
August 1, Beaver Creek ; July 3, Little Beaver Creek ; May 23, Boulder; 
May 26, Bellvue; August 5, Antonito (Ball) ; ce) July 24, vipie Dale; 
3 July 8, Livermore. 

There is now little question that JB. pees is the male of this 
species. The type of the male was taken in “ Colorado” by Morrison ; 
of the female the types were from Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico. 

B. fervidus, Fabr., 1798. 

‘* Apathus elatus” 7, in part. 

@ May 12, 30, June 7, 8, 11, 16, 19; @. May rq, 20, 25, June rs, 
July 20, 31, August 8, ro, 20; ¢ September @, 16, allat Mt Collie: 
9 ro) August 14, July 8 ; 9 July 15, at Livermore ; g August 5, Antonito; 
July 13, Trinidad ; August 17, Montrose (Gillette); July, Ft. Lupton (R. 
Haynes). 2 ¢ September 4, Boulder. A very common species. 

B. borealis, Kby., 1837. 

This species was recorded by Prof. Cockerell from Old Beddoe’s 
Rch, Custer Co., August 9, on Rudbeckia laciniata. I have not been 
able to satisfactorily separate this species from any material I have seen. 
B. appositus, Cress., 1878. 

? August, Ft. Collins (C. Stannard) ; August 5, Cameron Pass; 
August g. Gunnison ; August 23, Leadville ; , September 23. Vito Dales 
Jane a5, Bellvue: July 15, Livermore.” ¢ Q August 30, Store Prairie 
(7.0¢0 ft.). @ Palmer Lake, August 12, 1896 (Gillette). This species 
can readily be recognized by the white pubescence of the anterior part of 
the thorax ; visible even in specimens on the wing. It has been taken 
on Thermopsis montanum and Rudbeckia, sp. 

BL. dubius, Cress., 1863. 

This ts recorded by Prof. Cockerell from Custer Co.; a female in the 
collection at Ft. Collins, doubtfully labelled B. Hdwardsiz, may belong 
here, I took the specimen at Westlake (8,000 ft.), July 7, 1900, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4] 


B. scutellaris, Cress., 1863. 

¢ July 22, August 25, Ft. Collins; August 4, Julesburg (Ball). 
The pubescence is bright and showy, while on 2B. Hdwardsi7, its nearest 
relation, it is more irregular and paler. 

B. Edwardsii, Cress., 1878. 

@ (2) June 12, Ft. Collins ; June 15, Bellvue ; Rist Canon, July 1 ; 
Westlake, July 7; August 3, Barnes’ Camp (8,000 ft.). 

B. Putnami, Cress., 1878. 

Q June 12, Ft. Collins; August 1, Lizard Head (Ball); ¢ August 
30, Ward (7); August :7, Home (Ball). All these localities are high 
Alpine, 7,000 to 10,000 ft., Ft. Collins excepted. This species was 
described from one male collected by J. Duncan Putnam, probably at 
Empire City, a high Alpine species. Closely related to Couperti and 
Edwardsii. More abundant material is needed to base satisfactory 
determinations. 

B. proximus, Cress., 1863. 

Q April 23, Horsetooth Gulch; July 21, Rist Canon; September 
geen. Ditle: 19 @ May 1s, Ft. Collins; July 7, Westlake ; August 18, 
Home (Ball); August 24, Vir. Dale; ¢ ? Q August 22, Cimmaron ; 
August 23, Marshall Pass (Gillette). 

B. proximus, var. Coloradensis, var. nov. 

@.—Black ; face with yellow and black hairs ; thorax banded with 
black ; anteriorly yellow; scutellum with some black hairs mixed with 
yellow, especially along the sides ; thorax beneath brownish-black ; first 
two abdominal segments with black pubescence, third with fulvous 
yellow,—a few black hairs intermixed on basal margin ; fourth to sixth 
with white hair, a high-power lens shows a few black hairs on the 
middle of fourth segment basally; a few pale hairs at extreme apicai 
margin of second ; posterior tibiz and femora fringed with pale brown 
hairs, basal joint of posterior tarsi within very bright rufous, last four 
joints of all tarsi brownish ; some pale hairs on fourth and fifth ventral 
segments ; clypeus shiny, punctured ; wings fuscous, tip of marginal cell 
very dark. Length, 20 mm. 

Described from one specimen collected by me in Rist Canon (6,500 
ft.), May 8, 1897. Easily separated from proximus or Howardii by the 
position and colour of abdominal pubescence. 

BL. Howardit, Cress., 1863. 
co} August 1, Beaver Ck. (10-12,000 ft.); August 23, Marshall] 


42, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Pass, both by Prof. Gillette; and July 31, Ridgeway (Ball). 4, 
Cimmaron, August 22 (Gillette). 

The type specimen was taken at ‘ Pike’s Peak, Col. Terr.,” by Mr. 
Winslow J. Howard. Prof. Cockerell records it from high altitudes in 
New Mexico. Mr. Ashmead writes me that he has never seen a queen 
of this species. It often is mixed with 4. proximus in collections. 


B. terricola, Kby., 1837. 
This was determined for me by Mr. Ashmead ; I had not recognized 
the species. @, Ft. Collins (C. Stannard). 


B. Pennsylvanicus, De Geer, 775. 


B. americanorum, Fabr. 
“ Apathus elatus ” in part. 

I had the synonymy of this and the previous species mixed, but Mr. 
Ashmead kindly straightened out the matter for me, and gives me the 
above synonymy as correct, as far as Pennsylvanicus and Americanorum 
are concerned. 

Oo  June#9, 02325520": Q July 23, August 8, 13; 4 September 8, 17, 
22; all at Ft. Collins. 

@ August 1, near Ft. Collins; June 30, near Foothills; July 8, 
Livermore ; July 24, Vir. Dale; 9 August 4, Julesburg (3 by Ball) : 
August 7, 10, Rocky Ford. 

B. Titusi, n. sp., Ashmead (in litt.). 

4 .—Length, 16 mm. The abdomen dorsally covered with fulvous 
pubescence. One specimen September 10, 1898, Lamar (Gillette). 

I had this specimen under 2B. Pennsylvanicus; Mr. Ashmead 
separated it out, and very kindly named it. The type is in the U.S. 
Nat. Mus. 

L. ternarius, Say, 1838. 

@ May 3, 4, 12, 14, 19, 27,028, April16, 23°; Q July 4, 20, August 
6; 6 August 5; all at Ft. Collins; Q@ May 16, Bellvue; 2 July, 35; 
Livermore ; July 31, Ridgeway; July 10, Lamar; July 27, September 3, 
Vir. Dale ; July 20, Westlake ; August 3, Durango ; August 5, Antonito ; 
6 Clear Ck. Can., July 18; July 7, Westlake; July 24, Vir. Dale; 
August 3c, Ward ; August 24, Glenwood Sprgs.; October 8, Salida. 

This is the most common Colorado Bombus ; it has been recorded 
heretofore from the State by Carpenter, “ high Alpine,” 1873; Dr. Uhler, 
Beaver Bk, Gulch, August 6; McCauley, “San Juan,” 1877; J. D, 


{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 





Putnam, from Empire, 1876; Prof. Cuckerell, from Willow Ck., Custer 
Co., August 22; and by Dr. Rothrock, in 1872, from ‘ Colorado”; and 
others. 
B. rufocinctus, Cress., 1863. 

2? June 16, Ft. Collins; 4 August 16, Horsetooth Gulch ; both 
determined by Ashmead. Prof. Cockerell records this species from 
Custer Co., May 28, and August 19. 


B. bifarius, Cress., 1878. 

@ May 28; ¢ August 26 (Bruner), at Ft. Collins; @ May 23, 
Boulder; @ ? July 7, Westlake; July 1, Rist Canon; Q August 23, 
Marshall Pass (Gillette); August 25, Alder; July 10, Lamar ; @¢ 
August 22, Cimmaron; August 30, Ward ; August 2, Muldoon (Ball) ; 
&@ July 23, Palmer Lake; July 31, Ridgeway; August 14, Steamboat 
Springs. 

B. sylvicola, Kirby, 1837. 

@ August 1, Lizard Head (Ball) ; % August 25, Alder (Gillette) . 
August 2, Muldoon; ¢ Q August 27, Marshall Pass; °° xe) *e¢ August 
30, Ward (Ball). All determined by Ashmead. Prof. Cockerell records 
it from Ula, Custer Co., July 30. It is certainly a distinct high Alpine 
species, and I had not recognized it. 
 JUXIUSY CIESS., Loy 0: 

? July 8, Livermore ; ® July 20, Ft. Collins ; July 23, Vis. Dale ; 
August 2, Estes Park (Gillette); August 20, North Park (Ball); ¢ 
August 22, Palmer Lake. 

I have seen a male from Woods Holl, Mass. (Gillette), that belongs 
to this species. 

B. flavifrons, Cress., 1863. 

2 Q August 27, Marshall Pass; @ Ona August 1, Lizard Head 
(Ball); August 30, Ward. 

This species in general appearance sometimes resembles B. juxtus | 
but can be readily separated. Some specimens from Lizard Head are 
very bright, and the thorax has much more black anteriorly than in 
ordinary specimens. 

B. Couperi, Cress., 1878. 

2 ¢ August 30, Ward; August 1, Lizard Head, all determined by 
Ashmead. Prof. Cockerell has stated that he did not feel warranted in 
separating Couper? and Putnuami from frigidus after examining the types 


44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





of the two former. /utnami, as recognized in this paper and as 
determined for me by Mr. Fox and Mr. Ashmead, can be readily 
separated from Cowper?. 
B. Oregonensis, Cress., 1878. 

¢ August 30, Ward; August 1, Lizard Head, several specimens 
collected by E. D. Ball and determined for me by Mr. Ashmead. 


L. mixtus, Cress., 1878. 

@ Ft. Collins, May 22; 2 August 5, 19, Cameron Pass; August 17, 
Home; August 30, Ward. I have seen no males, and what I take to be 
queens are rather small and some of them may prove to be workers. 

LB. sonorus, Say. 

This has been taken in New Mexico by Prof. Cockerell, and is added 
to the Colorado list on authority of Mr. Ashmead. It is very closely allied 
to B. fervidus. Specimens I have seen can be readily separated. There is 
black pubescence on the sides of the thorax. 

Mr. Ashmead, in his List of Colorado, Hymenoptera, recorded 
twenty-eight species of Bombus. I have included in the table the 
following, of which I have seen no specimen from this State: Sombus 
affinis, B. hudsonicus, L. vagans and B. virginicus. In this paper twenty 
of these species are given Colorado records. 

The records from Prof. Cockerell referred to several times, are from 
his Custer County list. 

I wish here to express my thanks for favours received from Prof. T. 
D. A. Cockerell, Mr. W. J. Fox and Prof. L. Bruner, and especially for 
the kind assistance of Mr. W. H. Ashmead. Prof. C. P. Gillette, under 
whom these studies were carried on, has ever been ready and willing to 
aid me in any possible way. 


ANAA ANDRIA IN INDIANA. 

On April 27th, while collecting with my young son, Robert, the boy 
distinguished himself by capturing several ¢ ¢ of Anea andria, at a 
point east of Richmond, Ind., not far from the Indiana-Ohio State line. 
The authorities give the habitat of andria as ‘‘ Western States, from 
Illinois to Texas; Nebraska.” No 9 9 were seen, nor were any 
specimens seen in the fall. I presume that south-western Ohio can be 
considered its most eastern habitat. No apparent difference exists 
between the specimens referred to and material from Texas and other 
Western points, W. N. TaLLant, Richmond, Ind. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 








NEW BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA, FROM WISCONSIN. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, E. LAS VEGAS, N. M. 
Andrena subcommoda, 0. sp. 

?.—Length about 12 mm.; black; head and thorax with pale 
ochraceous or whitish hair, very short and thin on thoracic dorsum ; head 
ordinary, facial quadrangle square; vertex behind the ocelli finely 
roughened and punctured ; front below the ocelli punctured as well as 
grooved ; facial fovew broad, pale, closely adjacent to eyes ; antennze 
dark ; clypeus thinly hirsute, shining, strongly but not densely punctured, 
no median smooth line; process of labrum truncate; maxillary palpi 
short ; mesothorax shining, strongly but not densely punctured ; meta- 
thorax very coarsely roughened, enclosure irregularly subreticulately 
ridged, but without a transverse bounding ridge ; tegule dark, with a 
ferruginous spot ; wings dusky with a yellow tint, nervures and stigma 
ferruginous, second submarginal cell broad; legs wholly dark ; hind tibial 
spur of hind legs much curved ; hair on inner side of basal joint of hind 
tarsi fulvous; abdomen shining, strongly and closely punctured, finely 
pubescent at sides, but without dorsal hair-bands ; fimbria fulvous. 

Hab.—Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 11. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) 
Differs from A. Commoda by not having ferruginous tarsi and hind tibie ; 
also by the truncate process of labrum. By the latter character, among 
others, it differs from 4. prumz. 

Andrena Sigmund, n. sp. 

?.—Length 10 mm.; black; pubescence brownish-white ; head 
ordinary ; cheeks densely and strongly punctured ; antenne dark ; first 
joint of flagellum rather short ; front below ocelli cribrately punctured ; 
clypeus bare, very shiny, very densely and strongly punctured, with a 
narrow median impunctate line on the lower two-thirds; facial fove pale, 
narrow below, broadening gradually above ; process of labrum truncate ; 
mesothorax very strongly and densely punctured ; scutellum the same ; 
metathorax cribrate, very rough, enclosure with small vermiform_plica- 
tions and no transverse ridge ; tegul piceous, with a brown spot ; wings 
stained with yellowish; nervures and stigma dark ferruginous ; first 
recurrent nervure entering second submarginal cell at the beginning of its 
last third; legs wholly dark ; hair on inner side of basal joint of hind tarsi 
fuscous, shining coppery ; abdomen suboval, shining, strongly and rather 
closely punctured ; no hair-bands, but segments 4 and 5 fringed with 
shining hairs ; fimbria auro-fuscous. 


46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





fHab.—Milwaukee, Wisconsin, May 26.. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) ‘Vhis 
is very similar to 4. /ordesiz, but that species has a transverse ridge on 
the metathorax, and the punctures of the abdomen (especially the second 
segment) closer. Still, they are very closely allied. 

Andrena multiplicata, 0. sp. 

? .—Length about 9 mm. ; black; head and thorax with stiff yellow- 
ish-white pubescence ; head ordinary, facial quadrangle square ; vertex 
with very large punctures ; front below ocelli cribrately punctured ; facial 
fovere whitish, broad, closely adjacent to eyes; antenne dark ; clypeus 
polished, strongly and closely punctured, with a hardly defined median 
smooth line; process of labrum rounded; mesothorax and _ scutellum’ 
somewhat shining, with fairly close, large and deep punctures, those on 
scutellum very large and irregular ; base of metathorax very strongly 
longitudinally plicate, with a strong transverse ridge, the plice are about 
eight on each side of the middle line ; tegule piceous, with a pale margin 
and a fulvous spot; wings dusky, with a yellowish tint, nervures and 
stigma dark ferruginous ; legs very dark brown, hind tarsi very dark 
ferruginous ; basal joint of middle tarsi rather broad ; hair on inner side 
of basal joint of hind tarsi light orange-fulvous ; abdomen strongly and 
closely punctured, punctures on basal part of second segment much 
smaller and closer than those on basal part of first ; segments 1 to 4 with 
lateral white hair-bands, those on 3 and 4 much narrowed medially, but 
nearly continuous ; fimbria fulvous. 


Hab.—Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 2. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) 
Belongs to the group of 4. rugosa, and is allied to A. Forbesii and A. 
grandior. 

Andrena radiatula, 0. sp. 

@.—Length about 1o mm.; black; pubescence rather dense, 
reddish-brown dorsally, paler elsewhere ; abdomen not banded; fimbria 
pale purplish-gray. This is closely similar to 4. Sigmund, but differs as 
follows :, Head smaller, facial quadrangle narrower ; facial foveze with a 
reddish tint, and narrowing more rapidly below ; clypeus hairy all over ; 
hair of thorax strongly reddish ; basal area of metathorax more regularly 
plicate and better defined ; third submarginal cell less narrowed above. 

Hab.—Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 16. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) 


Andrena rufosignata, 0. sp. 


?.—Length about ro mm. ; black ; pubescence whitish, tinged with 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 





yellow above, especially on the scutellum; head ordinary, facial quadrangle 
about square ; antenne rather Jong, flagellum dark ferruginous beneath 
towards end ; cheeks tessellate and hardly or not punctured; front below 
ocelli striate ; clypeus granular and dull at the sides, but disc strongly 
shining, with strong sparse punctures, the lower middle almost wholly 
impunctate; process of labrum rounded, broad, the end very slightly trun- 
cate ; mesothorax minutely tessellate, dull, with shallow, hardly visible, 
punctures, median and parapsidal grooves distinct ; scutellum slightly 
shining but not polished ; base of metathorax granular, no transverse 
ridge ; tegule piceous in front, dark reddish-brown posteriorly ; wings 
nearly clear, apical margin slightly dusky ; stigma clear ferruginous, 
nervures darker ; legs dark, hair on inner side of basal joints of middle 
and hind tarsi fulvous; abdomen broad, tessellate-impunctate, without 
hair-bands ; fimbria fulvous. 

HTab.—Milwaukee, Wisconsin, May 19. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) 
When one looks at the head from above, the broad facial foveze are seen 
to have a strong red tint, which is very distinctive of the species. 


Andrena clypeonitens, 0. Sp. 

Q.—Length about 9% mm.; black; pubescence pale ochreous, 
brighter on scutellum ; head broad, facial quadrangle somewhat broader 
than long ; antenne dark, flagellum very faintly reddish towards tip ; 
front below ocelli striate ; disc of clypeus bare, sparsely punctured, with 
a large shining impunctate space ; process of labrum broad and rounded ; 
facial fovee pallid, rather broad, adjacent to eyes; mesothorax dull, 
minutely tessellate, impunctate ; basal area of metathoraxX dull, defined 
only by absence of hair; tegule very dark brown; wings smoky, 
nervures dark brown, stigma dark ferruginous, with a dark brown margin ; 
second submarginal cell nearly square ; legs black, the three first small 
joints of tarsi deep ferruginous ; hair on inner side of basal joint of hind 
tarsi fuscous, shining coppery ; abdomen tessellate-impunctate, with 
continuous white hair-bands, that on the first segment reduced to a few 
scattered hairs, those on the others dense and conspicuous ; fimbria and 
hair of penultimate segment dark purplish-gray. 

Hab.—Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Aug. 19. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) A 
species of the group of A. so/idaginis and A. xanthigera. The clypeus 
will at once separate it from 4. so/idaginis, which occurs in the same 
region, 





48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


SOME NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN BEES—IL 
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 


In my neighbourhood I find the typical Andrena Cressonii, Rob., and 
the form described below as A. dubia, the latter more rare. ‘To compare 
this with the form described as A. Bridwel/ii, Ckll., I have obtained from 
Mr. Bridwell for examination thirty-three specimens taken by him at 
Baldwin, Kansas, and labelled A. Cressonii, A. Kamnsensis, and A. 
Bridwellit. 

A. Kansensis is the same as A. Cressonii, the colour of the pubescence 
being characteristic of unfaded specimens. Local specimens sometimes 
have the hind tibize and tarsi ferruginous in both sexes. 

A. Bridwellti seems to be the common form at Baldwin. It differs 
from the typical 4. Cressonii in the characters mentioned below. Some 
specimens have the flagellum testaceous beneath and some have the tarsi 
and hind tibize more or less ferruginous. It is intermediate between 
A. Cressonii and A. dubia. If I should find A. Bridwellii in my 
neighbourhood, I would regard them allas A. Cressonii. As it is, they may 
be only variant forms of 4. Cressonii, but I have thought it well to 
separate A. dubia provisionally and to let A. Bridwellii stand on the 
same basis. The validity of both depends on the discovery of characters 
which will enable one to separate the females from each other and from 
females of A. Cressonit. 





Joint 3 of antenne shorter than 13, about as long as 5, entire apical 
margin of clypeus black, lateral face marks small or 
wanting... Seidl Hie tee, ¢ ao re .. A. dubia, sp. nov. 
Joint 3 of antennz as ae as 13; Jaa as fone as 4 pene 5 together. 
1.—Middle of anterior margin of oes black, lateral face marks 


large. bras cee eae .A. Cressonii. 
Entire aaieal margin at ype nigel. eee Ae one small or 
Ch St ros Ae a os Sc ced” or a ae MMR elo 7 00 0 


DIALICTUS, gen. nov. 

This is proposed as a new genus for the reception of Hadictus 
anomalus, Rob., as the type. The species was described from two 
specimens, and I suspected that I might find examples with three 
cubital cells and that the males might not differ from the ordinary. 
dull greenish Hadictus, except in the venation. But the male differs from 
all of those species of Hadictus known to me in having the antenne 
short, the joints hardly longer than wide, joint 3 hardly longer than 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 








2. The flagellum is usually dark, but sometimes it is testaceous beneath. 
I have 3 @ and 5 ¢ specimens. 
Nomada denticulata, sp. nov. 

LNomada articulata, Rob., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii: 124, 2, 1895 
(nec Sm.). 

Nomada articulata, Rob., Tr. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, viii.: 51, 2, 1898. 

Synhalonia Lilinogisis, sp., nov.— g. Differs from S. atriventris ¢ 
in joint 3 of antenne being one-half as long as 4. The form /uscipes 
of S. atriventris, Tr. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, x.: 54, may be a distinct 
species, and this may be the male of it. 

Agapostemon putcher, Sm.—When writing the account of the local 
species of Agapostemon, in Tr. Acad. Sci., St. L., vii: 325-30, I found no 
males of 4. radiatus farther west than Nebraska, though I have since seen 
them from Colorado. A form resembling A. radiatus ? was identified 
as A. pulcher, Sm. A. femoratus, Crawford, Nebr. Acad. Sci., vii.: 162, was 
identified as the male. 

Megachite petulans, Cresson (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,vii.: 127, ¢, 1878). 
? .—Quite short and robust, the edge of the vertex passing before a line 
drawn between the posterior margins of the eyes, one of the posterior 
ocelli, therefore, nearer the vertex than to the neighbouring eye. 

This was identified for me by Mr. Cresson as WZ. oftiva 9, and I 
have indicated Jf. petulans as the male of that species, in Trans. Acad. 
Sci., St. Louis, vii.: 350, 1897. Lately, through the kindness of Dr. 
Skinner, I have had an opportunity to examine the two type specimens 
of MZ. optiva. They belong to two species, and neither of them is the 
female of AZ. petudans. One of them is, I think, the female of IZ. facunda. 
The two species and J. sexdentata, Rob., may be separated as follows: 
Middle metatarsus narrower than its tibia, apical ventral segment of 

abdomen not reflexed, anterior margin of clypeus entire.. JZ. oftiva, pt. 
Middle metatarsus as broad as its tibia, apical ventral segment of abdomen 
reflexed.. i Ses Bil deh spans 
1.—Apical margin of Ely deus. omit a fede sie two rater Leethyeives: 
5-toothed. . SSE Meats 3 OPercde Pts 

Apical margin of clypeus stndoth aie ee with a median dentiform 

carina. ~ Betta. tl. SCX IEMTREEE. 

In the preceding Bape Can: pope XXXIIL, see) sixth line from 
the bottom, “analrims” should read “ a rima”; and on page 230, 
“obligua,” repeated thrice in italics, should read ‘ desfonsa,” 


50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF ARCT/A 
PHALERATA, HARR. 
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL 
FARM, OTTAWA. 

In the December number, 1900, of this journal, page 369, the writer 
published the life-history of the above Arctian. During the past 
summer, through the kindness of Mr. A. Kwiat, of Chicago, in forwarding 
eggs of A. phalerata (laid 18th June), I have had the opportunity of still 
further studying this species, and, as these larve varied considerably from 
those described in 1900, the following notes were made: 

In the larval stages i, ii and ili those bred in 1g01 answered well to 
my former descriptions. In stage iv the larve were not so black as the 
specimens reared the previous year, but many of them showed the dorsal 
stripe. This stripe was also present in stage v, besides which 40 of the larvee 
possessed a series of pale orange spots on sides between tubercles 11 and 
iil, and iii and iv, and the skin of the body in a line with the upper spots 
(between tubercles ii and itt) was slightly grayish, not black like the rest 
of the skin; this and the spots gave the appearance of a faint lateral 
band, distinguishable on all segments but 2 and 13. In stage v in 1g00 
none of the larve showed the dorsal stripe. In stage vi last season all of 
the 123 specimens, with the exception of 2, showed a distinct orange dorsal 
stripe, but in a few specimens this was faint. In rg00 the specimens 
did not show a dorsal stripe in this stage. In stage vil the larve were 
much larger the past season than those bred the previous year. —The mature 
Jarve in July, 1900, measured 30 mm. at rest; those in July, 1go1> 
averaged 42 mm. in length, and all the specimens but 9 showed the 
distinct dorsal stripe, expanded in the middle of each segment, or the 
series of elongated spots noted in my previous description of this stage. 
In many of the larve the stripe was present on all the segments, but was 
particularly wide and distinct on segments 5 to 13, inclusive. 

In stage vi in 1g00 the width of the head averaged from 2.0 to 2.4 
mm. ‘The past year some of the heads were 2.6 mm. wide. In stage vii 
also in 1900 the width of the head, as given in my description, was 2.5 to 
2.8 mm. In July, 1901, the widest head measured 3.4 mm. The chief 
variation in the mature larve bred the past season was in the colour of 
the bristles. In many specimens the bristles from all the tubercles, with 
the exception of a few short bristles from the tubercles above the 
spiracles, were of a decidedly pale grayish colour, tipped with black ; in 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51 





others the bristles were more of a _ yellowish tinge, those from 
tubercles on segments 2, 3 and 4 being slightly rusty. In these speci- 
mens the skin of the body was not so black, and did not have the velvety 
appearance which the larve with the black bristles from dorsal tubercles 
had. In some larve all the bristles, with the exception of a few 
black ones from tubercles above spiracles, were a pale rust-red, those 
from tubercles on segments 2, 3 and 4 being brighter. In most cases the 
bristles from tubercles above spiracles of larvee bred in 1900 were black, 
the only exception being that in some specimens all the dorsal tubercles 
bore a very few bristles of a dark rusty colour; none, however, possessed 
any pale grayish or yellowish bristles as above mentioned. 

On the 14th July, 1901, some of the specimens had changed to 
pupz, and on the 23rd July the first moths emerged. Early in August 
2 males and 2 females, which had just emerged, were placed in a cage out 
of doors, and another batch of eggs were secured. These hatched in due 
course, and about 32 of the larvee passed through all their stages by the 
1st September, and by the r4th and 15th the first moths of this brood 
appeared, the date of the last emergence being 14th October. The larvee 
which did not pupate, having showed signs of hibernation, were placed in 
a cool cellar on the 21st October, to be afterwards put outside for the 
winter. 

In 1900 there was a remarkable lack of variation in the moths bred, 
but this cannot be said of those reared the past year. While 
the majority, however, did not show any material variation, yet in some 
specimens the W mark on the primaries was indistinct, and in a few 
moths (females), nearly obsolete. In fact, there was much variation as to 
the width of all the bands on the primaries. In some specimens these 
were quite wide, in others the bands were narrow. Then, again, the 
colour of the secondaries in four of the females reared was quite yellow, 
almost as yellow as the secondaries of the males. In the moths of the 
two broods bred the past season, the black edging of the primaries in both 
sexes was more in evidence than those reared in 1900. 





South Kensington Museum loses a distinguished lepidopterist in Dr. 
A. G. Butler, the head of the entomological section, who retires under the 
age limit after nearly forty years’ connection with the zoological depart- 
ment. Dr. Butler is a great authority on African butterflies, and he has 
also won world-wide reputation as an enthusiastic ornithologist. It 
is stated that his successor will be Sir George Hampson.—Zondon, Eng., 
Daily Telegraph. 


52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF ST. LOUSB. 

At the meeting of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, on the 
evening of January 6, tg02, Mrs. Wm. Bouton, on behalf of herself and a 
considerable number of other persons, presented to the Academy a 
collection of 633 butterflies mounted on Denton tablets, on condition 
that the collection should be made accessible to the public.— WILLIAM 
TRELEASE, Recording Secretary. 





A” CORRECTION: 

Before venturing to send my Synonymic Notes for publication, I 
made a careful search of the entomological literature accessible to me, 
but a few days after I had returned the corrected proof, I found in a 
work which I had just added to my library the name Huchetes, Lec., 
cited as a synonym of Lunyssobia, Casey. 

I immediately telegraphed to the editor to suppress the name 
Epeuchetes which I had proposed, and that I would pay the expense of 
resetting and reprinting the pages involved. I was too late, unfortunately, 
as the number was complete and ready for mailing, and as its issue had 
already been retarded by other causes, the editor did not deem it 
expedient to further delay it. 

Since the appearance of my notes I have been favoured with a letter 
from Mr. Samuel Henshaw, informing me that the name Luchetias pro- 
posed by me is unnecessary, and that Harris’s name, Auwchetes, is tenable 
on account of Dejean’s Euchetes being a “nomen nudum,” a mere list 
name, and that the date of Dejean’s work was 1833, not 1834. 

Dejean’s work was not accessible to me, but I thought I was safe in 
depending upon Dr. Scudder’s ‘‘Nomenclator Zoologicus,” in which the 
first use of the term is credited to Dejean in 1834, and I supposed that 
the first use of a term given would be valid. I am by no means sure that 
the invalidity of mere catalogue names has always and universally been 
recognized, though I quite agree that they should not be accepted. I 
may say that the entomological editors of the Century Dictionary followed 
Dr. Scudder’s work in regard to this name. 

It is with the keenest regret that I find myself in what Dr. Skinner 
has delicately referred to as the “ synonymic consommé,” 

Montreal, 23rd Jan., 1go2. H. H. Lyman. 





Mailed February 4th, 1902. 


she Canadian Hintomologist 








Vio Soxecine LONDON, MARCH, 1902. No. 3 








THE GENUS COCHLORHINUS, UHLER, AND ITS ALLIES 
(JASSID 42). 


BY E. D. BALL, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 


Some time ago Dr. Uhler was kind enough to lend me the types of C. 
pluto for study in connection with some allied material from the National 
Museum. ‘This new material, while generically distinct, is so closely allied 
to Cochlorhinus in many ways, and at the same time possessing more 
nearly the typical Acocephaline characters, that it is now possible to 
assign this unique genus to an approximately correct position in the group, 
and give its characters from a comparative standpoint. 

It is apparently a rare form, as the three original females taken more 
than twenty-five years ago are the only known specimens of the species. 
To make this nondescript form more accessible to the workers in the 
group, and as a basis for the comparisons in the descriptions that follow, 
it has been thought best to give a comparative description of the genus 
and species, and also a figure of the type, together with its more important 
details. 

Genus COCHLORHINUS, Uhler. 


Uhler, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. II., p. 358, 1876. Van 
Duzee Cat., p. 289. 

Related to Acocephalus, but quite distinct; vertex slightiy longer than 
broad, acutely angled, disc flat, with the margins slightly elevated, ocelli 
on the margin almost one-third the distance to the apex. Face retreating, 
acutely angled with vertex, concave in profile. Front narrow, convex, a 
distinct ridge extending to the apex, either side of which the margin is 
depressed and slightly foliaceous. Pronotum transverse, coarsely trans- 
versely rugulose, the margins nearly parallel, the anterior slightly more 
curved. Elytra coriaceous, the nervures raised, apical margin broadly 
rounding, with a narrow appendix; venation definite, two cross nervures 


54. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





between the sectors, three anteapical cells, the outer one usually stylated 
at its apex; five apical cells, the first triangular, the three following 
broadly wedge-shaped, and the fifth similar to the anteapical cells ; their 
bases and the base of the fifth apical, which is usually either a forked or 
double nervure, broadly embossed with white obscuring the actual course 
of the nervures. 

The flat vertex with its slight margin, the coriaceous elytra with the 
raised nervures, and the ocelli distant from the eyes, will place this in the 
Acocephaline ; at the same time the whole vertex and front strongly sug- 
gest the genus P/atymetopius, and the pattern of venation approaches that 
found in some species of that genus. Whether this indicates relationship 
or similar lines of development can be more easily answered when the 
habits and life-history have been studied, and other of its relatives have 
been found. 

Cochlorhinus piuto, Uhler. Plate 2, fig. 1.—Elongate, subparallel ; 
vertex acutely angled, the apex produced. Black, with an irregular band 
on the elytra behind the middle, and a triangle across the face, white. 
Length, 6 mm. ; width, almost 2 mm. 


Genus UHLERIELLA, n. gen. 


Resembling Acocepha/us in form and general appearance, but with 
the ocelli on the sharp vertex margin, and the venation quite distinct and 
resembling that of Cochlorhinus. Vertex slightly, obtusely angled, nearly 
half wider than long in the female, still shorter in the male, not quite as 
long as the pronotum, disc sloping, the margin flat or slightly upturned ; 
ocelli on the margin not quite twice as far from the apex as from the eyes. 
Face slightly, evenly rounding, front wedge-shaped, the margins nearly 
straight ; in profile straight or slightly convex, never concave nor with a 
median ridge. Clypeus parallel margined, a trifle rounding at apex. 
Pronotum as in Cochlorhinus; lateral margins rounding almost from eyes, 
posterior margin emarginate. Elytra rather broad, varying from coria- 
ceous to subhyaline, slightly obliquely truncate posteriorly, with the angles 
rounded ; venation resembling that of Cochlorhinus, the outer anteapical 
usually stylated and with two slightly divergent nervures from the apex to 
the costa, these nervures, and often forkings of the sectors, obscured by 
the white embossing. 

Type U. Coguilletti, Van Duzee. 

In the general plan of venation and the white embossing, the shape 
of the pronotum and the transverse light band on the face this genus 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5D 


approaches closely to Cochlorhinus, but in the shape of the vertex and 
front, which are the dominant characters in this group, it is widely diver- 
gent, and approaches most closely to Acocephalus, from which, however, 
the position of ocelli and venation renders it quite distinct. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES. 

A Elytra short and stout, a transverse white band across the bases of 
the anteapical cells reaching the costa, outer anteapical stylate, its 
outer nervure straight or slightly rounding before the juncture. 
Face half or more than half black. 

B Vertex and pronotum with alternate bands of black and light. 

Elytra with the nervures and transverse bands light. Male 

plates individually rounding at apex... Cogucl/etti,V.D. 

BB Black except for the transverse band on the elytra and dot 

at apex. Male plates acute at apex......stygica, n. sp. 

AA Elytra longer and narrower, without transverse white marking, and 
lacking the second cross nervure ; outer anteapical cell angled out 

nearly to the costa. Face more than half light...... signata, N. sp. 

Uhleriella Coqguilletti, Van Duzee. Plate 2, fig. 2.—Deltocephalus 
Coquilletti, Van Duzee, Ent. Americ., VI., p. 95, 1890.—Cat. p. 293. 
Form of s¢ygica nearly, but broader and with more flaring elytra ; vertex 
and pronotum of same form and colour pattern as in signata, elytra 
broad, clavus black with the nervures broadly light, corium brown, the 
nervures narrowly light, an oblique band across the first cross nervure, a 
transverse band across the second, a band across the base of the apical 
cells forked at each end, and the narrow apical margin, milk white. 

This species is somewhat intermediate in form between the two 
following and by itself might not be recognized as being related to 
Cochlorhinus, but when compared with s¢ygica this relation is at once 
evident. 


Uhleriella stygica, n. sp. Plate 2, fig. 3—Form of Coguilletti 
nearly, slightly smaller and with a longer and more rounding vertex. 
Shining black, a transverse band on elytra and another on face, white. 
Length, 9 4.5 mm., ¢ 4 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. 

Vertex slightly sloping, transversely depressed, the margin sharp, 
half wider than long in female, almost twice as wide in the male, slightly 
obtusely angled, with the apex rounded off. Pronotum distinctly 
transversely rugose; elytra coriaceous, but little longer than body, 
compressed at tip ; venation resembling that of C. A/ufo, 


56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Colour: black above, a raised transverse band extending from the 
costa across the bases of the anteapical cells and running out a little on 
each nervure, milky white; the tip of the fourth apical nervure is also 
white. Below black, a broad crescentiform band across the face, the 
tibize and tips of all the femora, yellowish white. 

Genitalia : female segment nearly twice as long as the penultimate, 
posterior margin rounding, with a slight median emargination. Male 
valve roundingly triangular, about as long as the ultimate segment ; 
plates broad, roundingly triangular with the apices acute, nearly three 
times the length of the valve. 

Described from eight specimens received from the National Museum ; 
from Kern Co., Calif. Coquillett collector. 


Uhleriella signata, n. sp. Plate 2, fig. 4.—Closely resembling 
Coguilletti, larger and with longer elytra, pattern of marking similar, but 
without the two white bands on elytra. Length, 5-5.5 mm.; width, 
1.75 mm. 

Vertex slightly sloping, flat or slightly transversely depressed, not 
quite twice wider than long, a little over half as long against eye as on 
middle ; face as in Cogwzlletti, front narrow, wedge-shaped. Pronotum 
more strongly convex in front than in Cogwi//etti7, emarginate posteriorly 
with the outer angles rounded. Elytra long and rather narrow, 
subhyaline towards the margins, the apex roundingly truncate. Venation 
resembling Coguz//etti in general pattern, but with the outer anteapical 
cell angled out nearly to the costa and lacking the white bands on the 
cross nervures, two apical nervures arise from the exposed outer face of 
the central anteapical cell and run nearly parallel to the costa, forming a 
long narrow cell; the second cross nervure wanting. 

Colour: vertex pale yellow, a transverse band just before the middle, 
parallel with the posterior margin, testaceous brown. Pronotum with 
four transverse bands parallel with the anterior margin, the anterior one 
testaceous brown, the next pale creamy or slightly greenish yellow, the 
third, which does not reach the lateral margins, light testaceous, posterior 
margin greenish white. Scutellum pale yellow, with large triangular 
black spots in the basal angles and a pair of interrupted stripes across 
the disc. Elytra brown, darkest on the clavus, shading out to subhyaline 
along the margin, the sutural margin and clavai sutures narrowly light, 
nervures, except the apical ones, broadly so; apical margin narrowly 
milk white, bordered inside by a wider smoky band, the bases of the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57 





apical cells hyaline white in sharp contrast. Face pale yellow, a black 
band across between the eyes, narrowed on the front and emitting a line 
under the vertex margin, clypeus and lower third of lore, black. 

Genitalia: female segment long and narrow, over twice the length of 
the penultimate, narrowing posteriorly and terminating in two rounding 
lobes separated by a broad notch; male valve obtusely triangular, as 
long as the ultimate segment, plates broader than the valve, long 
triangular, over four times as long as the valve, their margins clothed 
with long silky hairs. 

Described from eleven specimens from the National Museum ; from 
Los Angeles Co., Calif. Coquillett collector. 

In shape and colour marking of vertex and pronotum this species and 
Coguilletti are almost identical, but the venation of the elytra as well as 
its colour pattern is quite different, and the genitalia are distinctive. 
Those who consider the presence or absence of the second cross nervure 
a good generic character would place these two species in different genera. 


Genus HULERIA, n. gen. 


Form long and narrow, almost parallel margined, vertex longer and 
more angulate than in Paradolocratus, as long as its basal width, one- 
third longer than the pronotum in the female, two and one-half times as 
long on middle as against eye, disc flat, the margins inclined to be 
elevated ; ocelli on the margin about one-fourth the distance from eye to 
apex. Face in profile perfectly flat, retreating as strongly as in Hecadus, 
transversely convex ; the front broad above, the margins straight from the 
ocelli to the rather small, parallel margined, clypeus. The upper part of the 
front has a quite definite median ridge, which becomes narrower and more 
elevated as it approaches the apex of vertex, leaving a narrow compressed 
margin to the vertex. Pronotum twice wider than long, the anterior and 
posterior margins nearly parallel, lateral margins straight; elytra very long 
and narrow, evenly rounding at the apex, with a very narrow appendix ; 
venation as in Zhammotettix, the anteapical cells very long, extending 
more than half their length beyond the apex of clavus, apical cells very 
short and regular. 

Type of the genus &. ¢-punctata. 

The elevated ridge on front and general shape of face and vertex are 
very similar to Cochlorhinus, but the venation and general shape of the 
elytra are quite different. 


58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Huleria g-punctata, vu. sp. Plate 2, fig. 5.—Pale dirty yeliow; four 
spots across the vertex in front of the eyes ; two irregular stripes on pro- 
notum, and a stripe under the edge of the vertex, black. Length, 7 mm.; 
width, 1.5 mm. 

Vertex acutely angled, with the apex bluntly rounding, slightly 
upturned ; eyes small, slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum trans- 
verse, roundingly or slightly angularly emarginate posteriorly. Elytra 
with the nervures distinct, two claval nervures, long, straight and parallel 
with the suture ; but one cross nervure between the sectors, the inner 
anteapical cell much longer than outer, often an extra apical nervure 
arising from the apex of the outer anteapical, forming a small subquadrate 
cell. 

Colour: vertex pale yellow, a pair of angular black spots on the 
margin between the ocelli and eyes, another pair on the disc slightly in 
advance of these ; eyes reddish brown. Pronotum dirty straw, a wavy 
black stripe running back from the inner corner of each eye, but not 
reaching the posterior margin ; elytra dirty straw, slightly tinged with 
brown, the nervures and margins pale and quite distinct. Face and 
below pale creamy yellow, a parallel margined black stripe half its own 
width below the margin of the vertex, and extending back under the eye. 

Genitalia: female segment nearly half longer than penultimate, 
narrowing posteriorly ; posterior margin slightly rounding, with an abrupt 
subquadrate notch ; a short strap-shaped tooth almost fills this notch (a 
quite marked median carina in this specimen); male valve as broad as the 
ultimate segment and a little ionger, posterior margin evenly rounding, 
plates nearly as wide as the valve and three times as long, roundingly 
narrowing two thirds of the distance, and then produced as two finger-like 
tips, margined with short weak hairs. 

Described from one female and two males from the National Museum 
collection, labelled ‘ Los Angeles Co., Calif. Coquillett collector.” 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2. 


Fig. 1.—Cochlorhinus pluto, Uhler. Female from type. 
a, face ; 6, 2 genitalia; ¢, ¢ genitalia; d¢, elytron, showing 
venation and embossing ; e, profile of face ; 7, head and pro- 
notum of co-type. 

Fig, 2.—Elyuon of Uhleriel/a Coguilletti, Van Duzee, showing venation 
and pattern of marking. ¢, ¢ genitalia. 





ANN, Oley NNT 











JASSIDA—THE GENUS COCHLORHINUS AND ITS ALLIES. 











THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 





Fig. 3.—Uhleriella stygica, n. sp. Female. 
a, face; b, 2 genitalia ; c, d genitalia. 
Fig. 4.—Uhleriella signuta, n. sp. Female. ; 
a, face; 4, 2 genitalia; +, ¢ genitalia; ad, erytron, showing 
venation. 
Fig. 5.—Huleria g-punctata, n. sp. Female. 
a, face; 6, 2 genitalia; c, J genitalia. 


FURTHER NOTES ON MASSACHUSETTS COCCID 5. 
BY GEORGE B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS, 

Since the publication of my last contribution on the Massachusetts 
Coccide, in 1899, no less than 34 other species have been found to inhabit 
Mass., some of which appear to be of recent introduction and new to the 
United States; and while the larger portion has been recorded from 
other States, we have found several interesting new species hitherto not 
known to science. I have abandoned in part the citation of the 
geographical distribution and many of their food-plants, as time will not 
permit me to consult some of the literature. I have included an 
additional check-list and the Bibliography. In the original check-list 
several species are listed whose names have since been changed as 
follows. Those in heavy type are the old names, while those now 
considered correct are in ?ta/ics : 


Dactylopius adonidum, L. D. longispinus, Targ. 
Lichtensia viburni, Sign. var. Pulvinaria Cockerelli, King. 
Aspidiotus ficus, Ashm. Chrysomphalus aonidum, LL. 
Parlatoria Pergandii, Comst. P. proteus, var. Pergandit. 
Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché. Mytilaspis ulmi, L. 

ef citricola, Pack. Me Beckii, Newm. 
Gossyparia ulmi, Geoff. G. spuria, Modeer. 
Asterolecanium quercicola, Sign. A. vartolosum, Ratz. 
Lecanium hemisphericum, Targ. Saissetia hemispherica, Targ. 

Fe filicum, Boisd. A filicum, Boisd. 


The following are additions to the Mass. list: 

Dactylopius nipe, Mask. Found for the first time in the U. S., in the 
Harvard botanical greenhouse at Cambridge, Mass. Jntroduced. 

Kermes Pettiti, Ehrh., 1899. A very common species on oak 
throughout the State, and seems to have been taken and mixed with A. 
galliformis for a long time, lative. 


60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Kermes Andrei, King, tg00. Described from Lawrence, Mass., on 
oak ; has been found in Georgia ; it is a pretty and clearly a distinct 
species. Vative. 

Kermes Perryi, King, tg00. As yet only known from Mass. on oak. 
Native. 

Lecanium lauri, Boisd., 1735. Found on Laurus nobilis, Springfield, 
Mass., by Dr. G. Dimmock. ‘The small tree was so badly infested that 
it died. It has been found in France and New Zealand. J/ntroduced. 

Fulecanium cerasifex, Fitch, 1856. On wild and cultivated cherry 
trees at Andover and Lawrence, Mass., but not in sufficient numbers to 
cause any alarm. JVafive. 

Eulecanium quercitronis, Fitch, 1856. This is found on CW/mus 
Americana at Methuen, Mass., on Xanthoxylum Americanum at Cam- 
bridge, Mass., and on U/mus Americana in company with Chionaspis 
Americana. Native. 

Eulecanium armeniacum, Craw. Dr. Dimmock sent this from 
Springfield, Mass., infesting Prunus serotina. Native. 

Lulecanium tulipifere, Cook, 1878. Probably 4. Zrtodendri, Gmel., 
on Liriodendron tulipifera at Springfield, Mass. Coll. Dimmock. Zztro- 
duced. 

Sa/ssetia olee, Bern., 1782. Found on a small shrub out of doors in 
the Harvard botanical garden at Cambridge, Mass. /ntroduced. 

Saissetia, sp., resembling o/ee, but not that species, was found at 
the same place in one of the greenhouses, on Cycas revoluta, but not 
sufficient for proper study. JLutroduced. 

Eulecanium priinosum, Comst., M. S. Cogl., 1891, was found on 
Prunus domestica, var. Bradshawi, at the Harvard botanical garden, 
Cambridge, Mass. Vative. 

Lecanium longulum, Dougl., on AMonstera deliciosa, in the Harvard 
tropical greenhouse, Cambridge, Mass. Zntroduced. 

Lecanium melaleuce, Mask., 1898, at the same place and on the same 
plant. Itis new to North America. Jlntroduccd. 

Eulecanium pyri, Schr., was found on pig-nut hickory at Andover, 
Mass. Although there were apple trees near by, none of these scales were 
found on them. Jxtroduced. 

Eulecanium Kansasense, Hunter, 1899, described from Kansas on 
Cercis Canadensis, was found on shadbush at Methuen, Mass. JVafzve. 

Eulecanium Websteri, Ck\l. and King, tgo1. This has been found 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 


on high-bush blueberry and Sf:v@a at Lawrence, and on white birch at 
Methuen, Mass. JVafzve. 

Pulvinaria Cockerelli, King, 1899. A common species on Spirea 
salicifolia and Prinos verticillatus at Lawrence and Methuen, Mass. 
Native. 

Pulvinaria acericola, W. and R., 1868. This was found by Dr. 
Dimmock at Springfield, Mass., on maple in deep woods. JVative. 

Pulvinaria phaie, Lull., 1895 (probably identical with P. floccifera, 
Westw.), was found by Mr. Cooley in the college greenhouse at Amherst, 
Mass., on orchid ( Phaius maculatus). Introduced. 

Aspidiotus abietis, Schr. A. pini is the same. This was found on 
pine at Forest Hills, Mass. (Mus. Comp. Zool.). It was communicated 
by Mr. Samuel Henshaw to Mr. Cockerell. /utroduced. 

Aspidiotus rapax, Comst., 1881. Found on Cofrosma Baueriana at 
the Harvard botanical garden, Cambridge, Mass. Vative. 

Aspidiotus Britannicus, Newst., 1898. Described from England in 
1898, and the same year was found at Salem, Oregon, on holly, and in 
tgoo found in abundance on holly at the public gardens, Boston, Mass. 
Litroduced. 

Aspidiotus juglans-regi@, Comst., 1881, was found on English walnut 
at Methuen, Mass. JVatzve. 

Aspidiotus latania@, Sign., 1869, was found on an unknown plant in 
the greenhouse of the Harvard botanical garden, Cambridge, Mass. 
Lntroduced. 

Diaspis carueli, Varg., 1868. Very abundant on Juniperus spherica 
at Fort Hills, Mass. Coll. S. Henshaw and by the writer on Zhuja ocei- 
dentadis at the Boston public gardens, and was previously found by Mr. 
J. G. Jack at Jamaica Plain, Mass., on Juniperus spherica. ILntroduced. 

Diaspis minima, Varg., was found on Siota ( Thuja) orientalis in the 
Harvard botanical garden, Cambridge, Mass. The tree is a native of 
China, and the scale is new to North America. Jntroduced. 

Diaspis cacti, Comst., 1883. ‘This has been found on the plants in 
the greenhouse of the Agricultural College at Amherst, Mass. Probably 
introduced. 

Chionaspis corni, Cooley, 1899. Found at Reading, Mass., on Cornus 
paniculata and C. alternifolia. Probably native. 

Chionaspis salicis-nigreé, Walsh, 1867. A common species found at 
Huntington, Bedford. Malden and Lawrence, Mass, Its food-plant is 


62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








various, and seems to be a general feeder, commonly found on willow, 
cottonwood, dogwood and shadbush. Vafive. 

Chionaspis Americana, Jhn., 1896. ‘This is found on elm at Amherst 
and Springfield, Mass. azive. 

Chionaspis ortholobis, Comst., 1881. Dr. Dimmock has found this 
at Springfield, Mass., on poplar and butternut. ative. 

Hemichionaspis aspidistra, Sign., 1869. This was found in destruc- 
tive numbers on a fern (Davallia Moore‘) in the Harvard botanical 
greenhouse at Cambridge, Mass. /ntroduced. 

Lschnaspis longirostris, Sign., 1882. Found by Mr. Samuel Henshaw 
in a greenhouse at Boston, Mass., on AZonstera, sp. Introduced. 

Parlatora Pergandei, var. camellie, Comst., 1883, was found by Mr. 
J. W. Folsom at the Harvard botanical gardens, Cambridge, Mass., and 
communicated to Mr. Cockerell. /ntroduced. 

Bibliography. 

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1899, Journal New York Ent. Soc., Vol. 7, p. 258, 
gives descriptive notes on Asfidiotus Horbesi, Johnson, found on Acer 
pseudoplatanus at Reading, Mass. Coll. Kirkland, Feb. 24, 1898. 

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1899. Science N.Ss Voli ano, July, Nowassp. 
86-88. A reply is given to Mr. Marlatt’s ‘Some sources of error in recent 
work on Coccide.” 

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1900, Psyche, Vol. 9, p. 44, gives a table for the 
determination of all the known North American species of the genus 
Kermes. (Since published three other species have been described.) 

Cooley, R. A., 1899. Special Bulletin Mass. Agr. Coll., Aug. 10, 
1899. The Coccid Genus Chionaspis and Hemichionaspis, Chionaspis 
corni, C. salicis-nigra, C. pinifolii, C. furfurus and C. Americana are 
cited trom Mass. 

Howard, L. O., 1889. Insect Life, Vol. 2, p. 34. A new imported 
elm insect, Gossyparia ulmi, is described. Localities, food-plants are 
given and cited as found at Cambridge, Mass., by Mr. J. G. Jack, in 1897. 

Howard, L. O., 1892. Insect Life, Vol. 5, p.51. Gossyparia ulmt is 
again found at Malden, Mass., by Mr. C. H. Rowe. 

Howard, L. O., 1895. Insect Life, Vol. 7, p. 360. A new locality for 
the juniper scale at Jamaica Plain, found by Mr. J. G. Jack. (The above 
three quotations were overlooked in my first list.) 

King, G. B., 1899. Psyche, Vol. 8, p. 417. Pulvinaria Cockerelli, n. 
sp., 's described, found at Methuen and Andover, Mass, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63 


King, G. B., 1900, Canapian Env, Vol. 32, p. 9, gives the bibli- 
ography of the Mass. Coccidw up to Aug., 1899. 

King, G. B., 1900. Canaptan Ent., Vol. 32, p. 214. The Coccide 
of the ivy, eleven species are cited, several of which were found in Mass. 

King, G. B., 1900. Psyche, Vol. 9, p. 78,84. The genus Kermes of 
North America, 15 species are cited and tables given; two new species 
are described by Prof. Cockerell and King. (Since the above paper 
appeared there has been one other new species described by Prof. 


Bogue.) 


King, G. B., 1900. Psyche, Vol. 9, p. 116-118. Miscellaneous notes 
on Coccide from Western Mass., 22 species are cited found by Dr. 


Dimmock. 


King, |G. B:, toor. - Psyche; Vol..9;, p..153: 


The Coccide of the Har- 


vard botanical gardens, 19 species are listed, with notes on the species. 


King, G. B., 1901. 
caryé, Fitch. 
food-plants. 

King, G. B., rgor. 


Entomological News, Vol. 12, p. 50. 
The species are described, with notes on localities and 


Lecanium 


CANADIAN Enr., Vol. 33, p. 106-109. Lecanium 


Websteri, n. sp., with notes on allied forms and table to separate the 


species. 


Lec. Kansasense and L. Websteri are also found in Mass. 


Additional Check List. 


Dactylupius nipee, Mask. 
Kermes Pettiti, Ehrh. 

(ae Andrei. Wkeine: 

oe Perryi,, King, 
Lecanium lauri, Boisd. 


oe 


longulum, Dougl. 


x melaleucee, Mask. 
Eulecanium cerasifex, Fitch. 

“ quercitronis, Fitch. 
armeniacum, Craw. 
tulipiferee, Cook. 
pruinosum, Coqul. 
pyr, Schr. 
Kansasense, Hunter. 


eg Websteri, Ckll. & King. 


Pulvinaria Cockerelli, King. 
os acericola, W. & R. 
a phaiz, Lull. 

Aspidiotus abietis, Schr. 


rapax, Comst. 


‘a Britannicus, Newst. 


juglans-regiz, Comst. 
latanize, Sign. 
Diaspis carueli, Targ. 
“¢ minima, Targ. 
Diaspis cacti, var.calyptroides, Costa. 
Parlatoria proteus, var. Pergandel, 
Comst. 
Chionaspis corni, Cooley. 

c salicis-nigree, Walsh. 
Americana, Jhns. 
Hemichionaspis aspidistre, Sign. 
Ischnaspis longirostri, Sign. 
Saissetia olez, Bern. 

ne sp. 


6c 


“ec 


64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





THE, ECOLOGY, OF INSECT SOUNDS: 
BY FRANK E. LUTZ, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. 

“Ecology,” as it is coming to be universally considered, is the science 
of cause. It is constantly asking ‘* Why?” and not until we can answer 
‘“ because,” have we solved a problem in Ecology. It is the capping stone 
of the other branches of biological investigation. Morphology describes 
an organ or character; physiology shows us how it works and what it does; 
ecology, building on these, tells how and why the character or organ 
arose. It, then, must be considered as more than the old Natural History. 
Although the value of the latter cannot be overestimated, more must 
sooner or later be done. 

This is well illustrated in the case of insect sounds. No biological 
subject has been more written about in popular publications—prose and 
poetry alike being noisy with references to the insect musicians. A large 
amount of strictly scientific work has also been done, and while there is 
much still to do, we, nevertheless, have a fairly clear idea of the anatomy 
of sound-producing organs, their taxonomic distribution (1), the methods 
of using them, some of the influences of external conditions (2), and many 
hypotheses as to functions of the sounds. But we know comparatively 
little as to why a cricket, for instance, stridulates with his wings, while a 
beetle rasps with his abdomen, or a cicada possesses such a complicated 
musical apparatus. 

The translation (3) of J. Portchinsky’s (’86) paper in Hore Societatis 
Entomologicee Rossicz, Vol. XX., pp. 111-127, has, however, suggested a 
fruitful line of investigation. Considering the Orthoptera, he calls atten- 
tion to the fact that the Acrididee—unlike their relatives, the crickets and 
the long-horned grasshoppers—do not stridulate with their wings, but rub 
“the femur against the raised meshwork of veinlets upon the tegmina.” 
Another striking difference between this family and the other families of 
the order is that here, alone, we get the bright colouring of the inner 
surface of the hind legs. These are often the only bright colours the 
insect possesses. It has become an axiom that insects are constantly 
endeavouring to show their be.uty —especially if it bz a secondary char- 








(1) Swinton, Insect Variety. 


(2) Dolbear, A. E., Amer. Natur., Vol. XI., No. 371, pp. 970-971. Riley, C. V., 
Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Science, XXXIV., 1885, pp. 330-332. Scudder, S. H., 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XI., 1868, pp. 306-313 and 316, 


(3) Ent. Record.and Journal of Var. (1901), Vol. XIII., No. 9. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 








acter, as grasshopper colours often are—and in the case of the Acridide 
this can only be done by twisting their hind legs about. Such a motion 
would necessarily result in friction between the femur and the tegmina, 
friction in irritation and increased growth, and this growth is the sound 
organ. 

An interesting analogy which he does not mention is found in the sub- 
family, Cédipodine. Lugger (4), in describing the C¢dipodine, said : 
“The insects belonging here are mostly large and showy, often possessing 
bright-red, yellow or even blue wings, with black bands. Nearly all the 
bright-coloured locusts found in the United States belong to this subfamily; 
most of them are very conspicuous objects in flight, when they show their 
colour, which is at other times entirely hidden. (£dipodinz are also very 
noticeable on account of the rattling noise which the males of most species 
produce in flight.” The connection here between sound and something 
to be called attention to is quite marked, and while it is about as hard to 
tell which came first—colour or sound—as it is in the proverbial case of hen 
or egg, doubtless Portchinsky would say that the sound was originally 
caused by the vigorous beating of the insect’s wings in its amorous display, 
and is as much a secondary matter as the femora-tegminal stridulation. 

We know that under sexual excitement many insects constantly 
vibrate their wings, expanding and contracting them, and swell their body 
to its fullest extent. It is easy to suppose that formerly male crickets, 
having no bright colours to display, made the most of such. motions, 
elevated their tegmina and nervously vibrated them. ‘The tegmina of 
the two sides would necessarily rub together, and the result would be the 
same as in the case of the Acridide, except for the position of the organs. 
Of course, if sounds are of any value at all in sexual selection, better 
sounds are of more value, and so these males, possessing wings well fitted 
for producing a noise, would win and transmit their exceptional characters. 
The same applies to the Locustide. 

But passing to the other groups, we find that sounds are not always 
concerned with love-making. In a recent journal (5) Babb has described 
the stridulation of Passalus cornutus. In this case the abdomen is raised, 
rubbing against the wings when the insects are disturbed. Both males 
and females stridulate, and he was “led to the conclusion that it is 
evidence of the insect’s displeasure at being disturbed, and not a sexual 








(4) Third annual report of the Entomologist of the University of Minnesota. 


(5) Entomological News, Vol. XII., No. 9, Nov., 1901. 


66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





call.” Now, it is a common trick among insects to raise the abdomen 
when disturbed, and if any structures are in the way they will be rubbed, 
and the insect will make a noise whether he wants to or not. Such 
rubbings, in time, bring about physiological changes resulting in ‘“‘organs.” 
These organs are simply modified hairs, and the position of such modifi- 
cations depends on the parts rubbed; in this case, the abdomen and the 
parts of the wings next to it. 

If some often-repeated motion rubs together the pro- and meso-notum 
(e. g., in Cerambycide), a rasping organ will appear there; if it be the 
pro- and meso-sternum (Omadloplia brunnea), or the elytra and the 
abdomen ( Z/aphrus ),or the hindwings and the elytra ( PelobiusHermanni), 
we will find rasping organs there, as long as the physiological law holds 
that irritation produces excessive growth. Why this law is true is a 
physiological question. When this motion is made as a result of fear, 
anger, sociability or love, it will be sure to express fear, anger, sociability 
or love, as the case may be. 

If we may be allowed to thus expand the idea presented so neatly by 
Portchinsky, the logical conclusion is that many or most insect sounds 
are the necessary concomitants of certain motions, not the object of the 
motions ; and that the sound organs are callouses or growths caused by 
the friction, possibly perfected by natural selection. 





SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON BURTIA. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


In reference to my remarks on the genus Burtia, published in the 
Can. Env. for Dec., 1901, I have received the following communication : 

My Dear Sir,—Re #urtia vs. Gundlachia, the latter name is the 
property of a genus of Mollusca. In a paper on the nomenclature of 
some Hymenoptera, in the “Aztomologist” a few years ago, I explained 
this very matter. There is a citation of it under Lepidoptera in 
Zoological Record, so it should have been easy to find it. Yours, 

TuHeEo. D. A. COCKERELL. 

This efficiently setties the matter. The Cuban genus of Lepidoptera 
must be known as Burm14,Grote, July,1866. The two species are 2. rubella, 
Grote, and #. coneuta. H.-S. Sir Geo. Hampson having also distinguished 
the two genera, Burtia (Gundlachia) and Didasys, the reference in the 
Philadelphia List is incorrect. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 


SOME NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. 
BY H. L. VIERECK, PHILADELPHIA. 





Hammaniella relativa, n. sp. — Face and dorsum subopaque, 
punctured, front opaque, the pleura more shining, longitudinal raised 
line on metapleura distinct, terminated abruptly, the mesothorax not 
appearing sharply truncate. The longitudinal medial lines on meta- 
notum converging. 

4.—Length 14 mm. Clypeus with a few punctures, somewhat 
shining, transversely impressed, anteriorly though not strongly. Face 
closely punctured, front opaque. Cheeks impunctate on the eye margin, 
otherwise with distinct, small, separated punctures, shining malar space 
punctured, opaque. Dorsulum almost opaque, the punctures tolerably 
small, closely arranged. The scutellum more strongly punctured. 
Mesopleura shining, with well separated, to smaller closer punctures. 
Metanotum with converging, crude, longitudinal medial carinze becoming 
obsolete before the apical margin, transverse carina strong. Metapleura 
separated from the metanotum by a distinct raised line, which stands out 
prominently, being margined on each side by a more or less distinct 
channel. Wings subhyaline, with a dullish cast. Areolet imperfectly 
trapezoidal in form, the petiole shorter than any of its sides, one-half of 
the curved and longest side of the areolet, one-half of the second 
recurrent nervure and a short distance of cubito-discoidal nervure, 
hyaline; stigma and nervures aimost uniformly light brown, base of the 
wings yellow. First dorsal segment strongly punctured, the spiracles 
distinctly produced, the succeeding dorsal segments becoming less and 
less punctured, to almost smooth. 

Black: face, clypeus and mandibles excepting apex, four anterior 
femora, tibize and tarsi, a pointed mark on anterior part of the dorsum, 
two dots on scutellum, extreme base and apex of posterior femora and 
the posterior tibiae excepting apex, ochraceous. Tegule, one spot aside 
and below them, cox and trochanters of four anterior legs, part of 
posterior coxe and trochanters, yellow. On the posterior legs the 
greater part of femora, apex of tibize and all of tarsi are more or less dark 
brown. Apex of first dorsal segment somewhat claret-brown, the second, 
third, fourth and greater part of fifth mostly ferruginous. 

Type: Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., Phila. 

Type locality, New Jersey. 

Two males ; the co-type from Massachusetts, has a length of 12 mm. 





68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The Massachusetts specimen was cited under the description of 
Lampronota varia, Cress. (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., III., 164, ¢), as a 
variety. Varia, however, is a quite constant species, a series of twelve 
specimens showing no great extremes either in sculpture or coloration. 
The metathorax of 7. re/ativa is very distinct from that in varia, which 
lacks longitudinal lines, and is more finely and uniformly sculptured 
otherwise. The yellowish cast of the wings and yellowish abdominal 
ornamentation is also characteristic of varza, and offers a good superficial 
difference for separating these two species. 

Nadia apalachia, n. sp.—Head and thorax more or less finely and 
closely punctured. Mandibles heavy and incuryed. Abdomen finely 
sculptured. Areolet sessile. 

¢@.—Length tc.5 mm.  Clypeus with a few strong punctures, 
elevated transversely. Face closely, indistinctly punctured, opaque, front 
also opaque, punctures well separated. Cheeks somewhat shining, 
minutely sculptured and with sparse punctures. Mandibles heavy, 
incurved rather strongly. Flagellum thirty-four jointed. The superior 
half of propleura distinctly punctured, somewhat shining, the inferior 
half obscurely sculptured, opaque. Punctures of dorsum very close 
anteriorly, more separated posteriorly, from opaque to faintly shining. 
Scutellum arched, somewhat impressed on each side, closely punctured. 
Mesopleura with an abbreviated longitudinal raised line anteriorly, not 
so distinct, the integument punctured somewhat like dorsulum, the 
punctures closer and finer below than above. Metathorax gently 
rounded, almost uniformly, very closely punctured. The division 
between the metanotum and metapleura only indicated by a very faint 
impression. Wings hyaline, with a faint yellowish cast. The first and 
second transverse cubiti uniting on the radius, forming an acute angle. 
Stigma and nervures almost uniformly light brown. First dorsal segment 
opaque, with fine, close punctures, the spiracles not strongly protuberant, 
the remaining dorsal segments more finely sculptured, the apical ones 
becoming shining. Almost uniformly pubescent, abdomen sericeous. 
Black: mandibles except base and apex, clypeus, face, part of 
the scape, a pointed mark on anterior margin of dorsulum, base of 
the wings, tegule, a spot aside and below, a spot on scutellum, four 
anterior legs more or less, apex of posterior cox, apex of femora, the 
tibia excepting apex (more or less), and tarsi yellow. Part of posterior 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 


trochanters and greater part of femora deep brown. Flagellum, apex of 
first and all of second, third and fourth dorsal segments, ferruginous. 

Type: Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., Phila. 

Type locality, Connecticut. 

Two male specimens ; in the co-type there is a transverse, median 
black belt on the second dorsal segment. 


Cidaphurus Cressonit, n. sp.—Head and thorax opaque, spine on 
scutellum rudimentary. Wings subfuscous. Colour pattern much like 
in Cidaphurus superbus. 


@.—Length 13.5 mm. Clypeus moderately emarginate, slightly 
impressed medially, sparsely punctured. Face indistinctly sculptured, 
punctures separated and distinct ona longitudinal median line, to the sides 
indistinct, ahd forming faint ripples. Cheeks more shining and with 
sparse minute punctures. First joint of the flagellum about as long as 
the following two united. Dorsulum closely punctured, the punctures 
closer and finer posteriorly, a somewhat shining line extending from the 
anterior border to the middle, medially. Mesopleura with regular 
separated punctures, Scutellum shining, closely punctured, spine rudi- 
mentary. Metanotum coriaceous. Superior posterior angle margined 
laterally. Metapleura closely punctured, somewhat shining. Median 
and marginal cells subfuscous, the rest of the cells paler. Stigma and 
costal nervure pale, the other nervures brown, second cubitus basally 
and first and second recurrent nervures apically interrupted by a trans- 
parent space, first and second cubitus uniting on the radial nervure, 
second recurrent nervure received by the areolet before the middle. 
Abdomen shining, polished apically, first segment closely punctured, the 
punctuation of succeeding segments sparser. Head yellow; malar space, 
a line from clypeus to insertion of antenne, and branching out behind 
insertion, a line on vertex from eye to eye, and occiput, black or nearly so; 
scape behind and flagellum dark brown. Anterior and posterior margins 
of prothorax, a loop on each side of dorsulum, tegulz, a line below, nearly 
one-half of mesopleura, scutellum, greater part of metathorax, apical 
border on first, second, third and greater part of remaining dorsal 
abdominal segments, greater part of four anterior legs, apical trochanter, 
and basal half of tibiz in posterior legs, more or less yellow. A broad 
median belt extending more than half way back on dorsulum from the 
anterior margin, mesopleura posteriorly and metanotum anteriorly, and 
base of first dorsal abdominal segment, black, 


70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Related to Cidaphurus superbus, Cress. 

Type: Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. 

Type locality, Massachusetts. 

One femaie specimen. I take pleasure in naming this fine species 
after Mr. E. T. Cresson. 





AN ABERRATION OF ACTIAS LUNA. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


My friends have not always forgotten me, but have occasionally sent 
me live Saturnian chrysalids, spun up no doubt with the intention of the 
insect to emerge in America. Instead, the poor deluded creatures 
appeared as moths in my German room, allowing me to deceive myself 
for the moment that I was at home. Cynthia, promethea, cecropia, 
polyphemus, to and even imperialis, came out just as in America. The 
only difficulty I had was with my few cocoons of Zwza, the moths in 
some cases failing to expand their wings. But, if my memory does not 
fail, this accident happens also more especially with Zaza in the breeding 
cage at home. Among the examples which emerged here is one small 
male, expanding 78 mil., which is the most curious example of the 
species I remember to have seen. The wings are almost perfectly 
expanded, a little unevenness of the costa of the right primary, which is 
somewhat concave, and a slight crumpling of the costal region of both 
secondaries, are traces of retarded development ; the “tails” are fully out. 
The eye spot on the left primary is interlined with red, and the spot itself 
is connected by a reddish-purple bar with the purple costal margin. On the 
right primary the suffusion of the eye spot with purple is entire, and a wider 
reddish-purple bar fuses it with the costal band. This bar is finely edged 
with black outwardly and gives the appearance of the eye spot being 
distorted. On the outer margins the reddish terminal band is very 


distinct (var. @ictynna). But the most curious feature is the appearance 
over the eye spot of the right secondary (the wings on the right side are 
the more abnormal) of a straight purple bar, intersecting the eye spot over 
the middle and projecting somewhat before and behind it. The eye spot 
on the left secondary is normal, and there is no other apparent deviation, 
except that on the under surface all the four eye spots are suffused with 
reddish-purple. There are some blackish discolorations on the hind 
wings, accidentally caused, I think, by body fluids. 

I have exhibited the specimen at Frankfort and at other entomological 
meetings here, but the species not being well known, it excited but a 
passing interest. I would have sent the specimen to America, but hope 
to live to bring it myself, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. TL 





NOTES ON, THE MOUTH-PARTS OF BOMBUS. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL AND JOHN M’NARY, E. LAS VEGAS, N. M. 
We have lately studied the mouth-parts of a number of species of 
Bombus, both American and European, and adding our results to those 
obtained by Radoszkowski (1877) we find as follows :— 


(1) Taking the first joint of the labial palpus of the ? as an index 
of the length of the mouth-parts (it is especially convenient for accurate 
measurement), we find that the longest-mouthed species is 2. Gerstackert, 
from the European Alps (our examples were collected by Friese at 
Engelberg), a species known to be the exclusive visitor of Aconitum 
Zycoctonum in that region. The Aconitum (Knuth, Blutenbiologie, Vol. IL., 
p- 53, fig. 20) has the hood enormously produced, and is adapted only to 
bees with extremely long tongues. 


(2) No Rocky Mountain or other American Bombus examined by us 
has nearly such long palpi (or tongue) as B. Gerstackeri, nor have we such 
an Aconite as A. Zycoctonum. Our longest-tongued type seems to be B. 
Nevadensis, which visits Delphinium. 


(3) The species with shortest mouths are mostly high-alpine or arctic: 
proximus, melanopygus, lapponicus, viduus. B. terrestris also ranks with 
these as one of the shortest-mouthed ; it is remarkable that the species 
which superficially looks exactly like B. terrestris, namely, B. hortorum, 
is one of the longest-mouthed of all, having the first joint of labial palpus 
about 61% mm. long. We have both ferrestris and hortorum from Inns- 
bruck, collected by Friese. 

(4) B. ligusticus, ruderatus and ussurensis rank with the longest- 
mouthed species,and probably, like Gerstackeri and hortorum, are adapted 
to Aconitum. 

(5) The commonest length for the first joint of the labial palpi is from 
4 to 4% mm. Here come B. juxtus, Morrisoni, rajellus, muscorum, 
senilis, fragrans, equestris, sylvarum, Stewentt, Latreillelus, Mlocosewicst, 
calidus. Vhe American virginicus and Kincaidii fall short of this by a 
small amount, although they are large bees. 

(6) The second joint of the labial palpi does not usually enlarge in 
proportion to the first, hence the longest-mouthed species have the great- 
est difference between the joints. In such species as ruderatus, ussur- 
ensis, etc., the first joint is from 514 to 6 times as long as the second. In 
nearly half the species, the first joint is from 4 to 4% times as long as the 
second ; in proximus it is only 2% to 3 timesas long. In Gerstacker? the 


~I 
Lo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 








second joint has lengthened in proportion to the first, so that the average 
proportions are preserved, although the palpi are extremely long. In JB. 
sonorus the first joint is relatively short (about as long as in pratorum, 
hypnorum, etc.), but it is nevertheless over 414 times as long as the 
second. 

(7) It seems probable that the only oligotropic bumble-bees are those 
with extremely long tongues, adapted to certain species of aconite. The 
American species probably all visit miscellaneous flowers, and this must 
be especially true of the Arctic species, which have nearly a monopoly (so 
far as bees are concerned) of the flowers of their region. Thus, J. 
Kincaidii is the only bee on the Pribiloff Islands, where brightly-coloured 
flowers abound. 





NOTE ON PITYOPHTHORUS CONIPERDA, SCHWARZ. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA. 


This species was described in the Proceedings of the Entomological 
Society of Washington, Vol. III., p. 144, 1895, and the author stated: 
“1 offer herewith a description of this species, being solely tempted 
thereto by the interest attached to its life-history; for, as far as I am 
aware, there is no other Scolytid known which normally develops within 
the cones of pine trees.” Possibly since that time a similar habit may 
have been observed in regard to other members of the Scolytida, but I 
cannot recall any reference to such observations. The beetle in question 
was first collected by me on May 24, 1884, and its capture was quite 
accidental. Mr. Fletcher and myself had that day visited a grove of 
white pines on the Gatineau, a few miles north of Ottawa, with the special 
object of collecting the somewhat rare little butterfly, Zecla Wiphon, of 
which we succeeded in capturing several good specimens. Having 
climbed up into one of the pine trees, to try and net a butterfly which 
had settled up aloft, I noticed that the young buds at the tips of the 
twigs were injured by some insect. Investigation showed that one of the 
bark-boring beetles was at work, and a few specimens were collected. These 
were determined for me as Dryocetes affaber, and were referred to by me 
under that name in notes on Canadian Rhyncophora in the CANADIAN 
ENTOMOLOGIST, 1891, Vol. XXIII., p. 26. At Aylmer, Que., about eight 
miles above the city, on the Ottawa River, on June 25, 1887, while seeking, 
with my friend Fletcher, upon red pines for Podapion gadlicola, we found 
the shoots and cones seriously infested by a Scolytid, which appeared 


Os 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


—T 





slightly larger, but which proved to be the same species. ‘The infested 
cones were shrivelled and hard, and their development was entirely 
arrested. The following year similar observations were made in the same 
locality, and similar infestations were noted in subsequent seasons. On 
May 26, 1901, I examined some white pines not far from the locality 
where the beetle had been first noticed in 1884, and found that there was 
a serious infestation of the cones. The ground beneath the trees was 
strewn with aborted and undeveloped cones, which were compact and 
hard, about three inches in length, but only one-half inch in diameter. 
On breaking open any one of these, P. comiperda was apparent and its 
burrows running through the resinous compacted scales. In one cone I 
observed a small bright Chalcid, but, unfortunately, it dropped in the grass 
and was lost, much to my regret, for it was evidently a parasite of the 
beetle. With the hope of obtaining specimens of the Hymenopteron, I 
took home some of the cones, but no flies appeared. After it was 
apparent that there was no probability of any insects emerging, I broke 
up the cones, which was not an easy matter, owing to their hard, resinous 
condition, but could find no trace of any of the parasites. Some beetles 
were obtained (all dead), but many of them were broken in digging them 
out of their burrows or in tearing apart the cones. As was mentioned in 
my former note on this species, the beetles remain continually in the 
cones ; none of them emerged of their own accord. While other members 
of our Scolytidee may be found flying about, some species in great abun- 
dance, I have never met with this species at large, although it must be 
fairly abundant and widely distributed. Probably on account of this 
habit of concealment, it does not fall a frequent prey to our collectors, as I 
have not found it in collections sent to me for examination. That excel- 
lent entomologist, the late Dr. John Hamilton, with whom I had the 
privilege of corresponding for several years, obtained the species at 
Sparrow Lake, Ont., and published an interesting note upon it in 
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1893, Vol. XXV., p. 279. The species is not 
so destructive as many others of the Scolytids, but apart from its arresting 
the growth of the cones and the development of the seeds, it causes a 
certain amount of injury by its infestation of the young shoots. Schwarz 
records it from Michigan, Virginia, New York and Pennsylvania, proving 
that its range is an extensive one. I may add that my only specimens 
of true Dryocetes affaber (determined by Dr. Hopkins) occurred upon 
spruce. 


74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


LARVA OF DATANA, UNKNOWN SPECIES. 


During my last week of collecting in the Huachuca Mts., Cochise 





Co., Arizona, I found, Aug. 11th, 1899, eighteen Datana larve on a 
Manzanita bush (Arctostaphylos glauca) or Western bearleaf. This 
larva was not known to me, and therefore I was anxious to send it to the 
artist who made the figures for Prof. A. T. Packard’s ‘‘ Bombycine 
Moths.” To all appearance the larve were nearly full-grown, and I had a 
negative taken of them by an ornithologist camping near by, so as to have 
a memento left in case they should transform before reaching their 
destination. Cloudy weather and drizzling rain late in the day made 
it difficult to obtain a good picture. I had to mail the insects early 
the next morning from Fort Huachuca, which is r2 miles from Ramsey 
Canyon, and further delay was hazardous. I took a hasty description of 
the larva, then boxed two of them in a tin canister for Mr. L. H. Joutel, 
the artist, care of American Museum of Natural History of New York 
City. But, unfortunately, these larvae, although received, were never 
turned over to the artist, whose address I could not find in my notebook. 
The other sixteen larvee I sent to Mr. Chas. Palm, then rusticating in 
Sullivan Co., N. Y., with a view to having these raised on some eastern 
food-plant. The larve refused everything offered, and finally Mr. Palm 
set them at liberty in the bush, trusting that some might transform there. 

Description of larva: Body black, with longitudinal yellow lines, of 
which three are subdorsal on each side of a broad, black dorsal band, and 
one sub-spiracular yellow line ; another broad, black band between the 
last subdorsal and spiracular line, of nearly the same width as that 
on the dorsum. A yellow, central abdominal line from the first to twelfth 
segment. Head and anal plate pitchy black and smooth. Abdominal 
protuberance at the base of black legs of a purplish-pink colour. 
Spiracles black, enclosed by a circular silvery line. All true and 
abdominal legs pitchy black. Mouth-parts purplish-pink. Long white 
hairs from 5 to 8 mm. long all over the body, except dorsal black band, 
on which the hairs were shorter and more scattered. 

Length of larva, 35 mm., and width, 5 mm. When at rest the larvee 
assumed the usual curved posture, the anterior and posterior three 
segments well thrown up. R. E. Kunze, Phoenix, Arizona. 


THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIST. 


co | 
Ut 








A NEW GALL-MAKING COCCID. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. MEX. 


Cryptophyllaspis Riibsaament, n. sp.— 2. Orange, oblong, caudal 
end sunken, overlapped at the sides by lobiform projections; no 
circumgenital glands; anal orifice broad-oval, about 17 p long, and 
distant about 39 » from the bases of the median lobes; lobes and 
squames formed just as in C. occu/tus and of the general type of 
Aspidiotus cyanophylli; three pairs of lobes, not even the median ones 
darkened in the least; median lobes slightly notched on each side ; 
squames narrow and pointed, strongly fringed ; beyond the third lobe are 
three double squames, each having the appearance of two squames united 
at the base; interlobular incisions with thickened edges, of the Diaspidiotus 
type ; two rows of dorsal glands, not very numerous, on each side of the 
caudal end ; spines small. 


Galls small, subcylindrical, about 2 mm. long, thickly clustered on 
leaves of Codieum. 


Hab. — Bismarck Archipelago; communicated by Mr. E. H. 
Rubsaamen. Types in Coll. N. M. Agric. Exp. Sta. and U. S. Dept. 
Agriculture. 





NOTES ON MR. LYMAN’S PAPERS, 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


I was much interested by Mr. Lyman’s careful paper on a species of 
Gortyna, boring in burdock. If aerata, Lyman, is a good American 
species it should have an alternative food plant, since the burdock is 
imported from Europe. From Mr. Lyman’s detailed statements, the 
distinction from wecopina is assured. The differentiation from z/fe/a is 
not so clearly given. 

With regard to méte/a, Mr. Lyman is quite correct, that Guenée first 
describes mebris and then z/fe/a ; and in my catalogue of 1874 I give the 
two as distinct species in the above order of their description. But in my 
Buffalo Check List of 1875 I place z/te/a first ; and in 1882 I retain this 
sequence and record mebris as a variety of wite/a.. But I am not agreed 
with Mr. Lyman that weédris, the white-spotted type, represents the 
original form of the species. I think the white filling in of the ordinary 
spots a specialization, therefore a variation from the original form of the 
species. The normal Gortynid ornamentation is probably that shown by 


76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ingucesita, necopina and nitela. This appears to me a reasonable view 
when we consider the markings of the Noctuids as a whole. 

It is a delicate question whether we should prefer the name given to 
the variety, when described on the same page as the species, merely 
because it stands first. I do not think it subserves the practical ends of 
science. For instance, I prefer the name Orthosia ferrugineoides for our 
common species, and record dcolorago as designating the aberration, 
although the latter stands first in Guenée. It is pushing priority beyond 
what the law intends. But if zedr/s and dicolorago were first described by 
another author and in another book, their priority for the species woula 
be undoubted. 

I was also much interested by Mr. Lyman’s paper in the January 
number. In the Annals of the N. Y. Lyceum N. Hist., Vol. VIII., 1866, 
will be found a paper by Grote and Robinson, Lepidopterological 
Contributions, with three coloured plates, in which we originally drew 
attention to Abbot’s figuring two species on Plate 78 of the Insects of 
Georgia. We then gave the following synonymy on page 374, 4. ¢.-: 

(1) Lophodonta georgica. 
Phatlena angulosa, Ins. Ga., 78 [83], ¢, upper left-hand figure (1797). 
Notodonta georgica, H.-S., Ex. Lep. 384, 2 (1855). 

(2) Lophodonta angulosa. 

Phalena angulosa, Ins. Ga., 78 [83], 2 ?, lower right-hand figure (1797). 

Lophodonta angulosa, Packard, P. E. S. P., 358 (1864). 

It is not certain that the lower right-hand figure represents a female. 
We gave particulars which render it possible that this figure also 
represents the male sex. The name angulosa became restricted to this 
species by Herrich-Scheeffer’s description of georgica. 


CHANGES IN ENTOMOLOGICAL FAUNA OF NORTHERN 
ILLINOIS. 


BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. 


Among the ways I find that one can study the changes in the insect 
fauna of a locality as years go on is to occasionally go back to some such 
section where one has years ago been familiar with the insects to be found 
there and note the number of newcomers or, possibly, the passing of some 
of the old ones, though these last are by far the less numerous of the two. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘i 








Recently, while on a visitto my old home in De Kalb county, North- 
ern Illinois, the insects of which I was pretty well acquainted with twenty 
years ago, but with which I have known little since that time, I was most 
unexpectedly met with complaints of the Buffalo Carpet beetle, Anthrenus 
scrophudarie, unheard of there until within a few years, and which I never 
captured there myself. 


Another newcomer was the Box Elder bug, Leftocoris trivittata, 
which I encountered in February, crawling and flying about my room, 
which had not been kept heated during the winter. This last was not so 
much of a surprise, as Dr. Forbes, whose monumental works on the insects 
of Illinois will stand as long as applied entomology itself, told me last fall 
that it had then nearly or quite crossed the State from west to east. But 
the thing did certainly look out of place to me where I found it. 


Of the old-time injurious species, such as occurred there thirty or 
forty years ago, there is not one that does not occur there now, though 
not always in such numbers. The Chinch bug, Bédssus leucopterus, that 
{ remember back in the fifties, is not as destructive as of old, on account, I 
believe, of the fact that all uncultivated grounds are now generally 
pastured during summer, leaving no protection for the bugs during 
winter. 

In most cases great diminution in numbers is most conspicuous 
among such species as fed on the natural vegetation, and as the land has 
been underdrained and brought into cultivation, these have disappeared 
with their food-plants. Thus, Saperda mutica and Plectrodera scalator 
have gone the way of the willows upon which they subsisted. Acm«odera 
pulchella, formerly always common on the blossoms of Rudbeckia hirta, 
has become far less so, as the plant has succumbed to the cultivation or 
pasturing of the land where once they grew abundantly. 

The busy, economic entomologist has far too little time to watch these 
things closely, but it would seem that there was here a field for suchas are 
able to withdraw from the hurry and push of professional work, and quietly 
and carefully watch these comings and goings mid the insect world, for 
other States than Illinois offer equally desirable fields for such observations. 
Not only this, but we not infrequently hear complaints from those who 
follow some line of business and study insects only as a pastime, that they 
have no opportunity to collect outside their own narrow field, whereas, 
here is a phase of entomological study that is really suffering for just such 
labour as these circumscribed people can best give to it. The data obtained 


i8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








in this manner are something more than mere gossip, as, if accurately 
observed and recorded where they are accessible to the busy man, these 
notes will sooner or later prove invaluable in the study of insect diffusion 
and disappearance. 





BOOK NOTICE. 


Insects InJuRIOUS TO STAPLE Crops.—By E. Dwight Sanderson, B. S. 
Agr., Entomologist, Delaware College Agricultural Experiment Station. 
New York: John Wiley & Sons. (Price $1.50.) 


This is a very satisfactory compilation of the information to be 
obtained from the publications of State Agricultural Experiment Stations 
and of the Division of Entomology at Washington, regarding a considerable 
number of insects of practical interest to farmers. The writer lays no 
claim to originality, but he has succeeded in preparing a useful book, full 
of information of a trustworthy character, arranged in a convenient 
manner, and sufficiently illustrated. Some of the photogravures, 
however, are by no means as clear as oné would wish. The book 
is intended for the use of farmers, and aims at giving them a correct 
knowledge of the insects with which they may have to contend and the 
methods that have been found most serviceable for preventing or con- 
trolling their injuries. Whether the ordinary farmer can be induced to 
read and make use of a book of this kind is somewhat doubtful, but if he 
does it will surely repay him well for any effort he may put forth in doing 
so. 5 
The work opens with a short account of some of the most startling 


losses caused by insects, which must give the reader a vivid idea of their 
importance. After a chapter on the structure and development of insects, 
there follows a very useful epitome of the methods of intelligent farming, 
which will be found effective in preventing insect injury. A chapter is 
devoted to beneficial insects, in order that the farmer may know friend 
from foe, and the greater part of the book to descriptions and life- 
histories, together with remedies, of insects affecting various grain crops, 
corn, clover, cotton, tobacco, hops, potatoes, and sugar beets. The work 


is completed by an account of the most useful insecticides and the 
formule for their preparation. On the whole, it is an excellent manual, 

and will be found a handy book for reference by all who are oo in. 
the practical work of fighting against insect foes. 





Mailed March 5th, 1902. 


The anatliary Entomologist. 








VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, APRIL, 1902. No. 4 








CLASSIFICATION OF THEe FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF 
INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 4.—Continued from Vol. XXXII., 1900, p. 296.) 
SuBFAMILY III.-—Aporine (= Pompilinz). 


1815. Aporida, Leach, Edinb. Encyc. 1X., p. 149. 

Pompilus, Fabr., 1s preoccupied, and the family name Lompilide 
must be changed to Ceropaldide, as has been shown recently by Fox 
(vide Ent. News, Vol. XII., rg01, p. 268). In consequence, my 
subfamily Pompiline must be changed to Afporina. 

This subfamily is unquestionably the largest in number of genera 
and species of any of the groups of the family Ceropadid@ (Pompilide). 
Most of the species, in comparison with those found in the Pepsine, are 
of medium size or small, few attaining much over an inch in length, while 
the vast majority are much smaller. 

All of the species, so far as we know, dig burrows in the ground, in 
which they store up spiders as food for their young. I suspect, however, 
that some of the genera, judging from their structural characters and the 
absence of a tarsal comb, will prove to be ézguclinous in the nests of others, 
as with the Pstthyride, Stelidide and other families in the Hymenoptera. 

The characters made use of in my table of subfamilies readily 
separate the subfamily. The spiny or strongly bristly legs, which are 
never smooth nor serrate, and the absence of a transverse grooved line or 
furrow on the second ventral segment separate it from the Pepszne and 
the Ageniine,; the antenne being placed higher up on the face, and not 
low down ox or ée/ow an imaginary line drawn from the base of the eyes, 


80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








or the non-produced clypeus, separate it from the P/anicepine and from 
males in the Ageniine ; while from the /Votocyphing and the Ceropaline 
it is separated by the hidden or only partly visible labrum, which is never 
very large or free, and by other characters. 

The Aforine may be separated into two tribes : 

Front wings with ¢/7ee cubital cells, the second and third each receiving 

a recurrent nervure. piety dutlele om aan .. Tribe I., Anopliini. 

Front wings with Paiy, two arse mite aeelen a only one, te second 

usually receiving both recurrent nervures, rarely receiving only one— 

the first; head lenticular, the antennze inserted only slightly above an 

imaginary line drawn from the base of the eyes... ... Tribe II., Aporini. 
Tribe I.—Anoplini. 

Many new genera have been recognized in this tribe, and I have 
restored many genera suppressed by various authorities, but I believe 
these may all be readily separated now by the characters made use of in 
the following table : 

Table of Genera. 
Cubitus in hind wings originating defore the transverse median nervure, 
tre *submedian always shorterthan’the medtimee s+ 4... . see eee ee 
Cubitus in hind wings not originating before the transverse median 
nervure, either interstitial or originating from deyond the transverse 
median nervure. 
Cubitus in hind wings cnterstitial, or very nearly, with the trans- 


verse median nervure.. |. sci eee oie PR ie He 10. 
Cubitus in hind wings orieiaane Bevond the transverse median 
MGW. SF. sv a. ol, eee res Sea crostact, os he 


2. Metathorax Gasterionly conned not parte ced, and without a caret 
impressed line or furrow above, or the impressed line very vaguely 
defined . re) ee ee PIE PL 15 eee 

fives thorax bbsteribily + rather sbaupily or Bikcely truncate, impressed 
or emarginate, or wth a more or less distinct median impressed line 
or furrow above ; anterior tarsi in 9 combed. 

Pronotum shorter than the mesonotum ; eyes extending close to 
the mandibles; third cubital cell subquadrangular or trapezoidal, 
rately subtrian gular i Woteaaaeeeeree tena re swe aeteeaies «eat cena 

Pronotum long, as long or a little longer than the mesonotum ; 
eyes not quite extending to base of mandibles, a linear space 
between ; third cubital cell narrowed above or subtriangular ; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sl 





submedian and median cells equal or nearly ; claws in 9 with 
a tooth beneath, in ¢ cleft; first joint of flagellum in 2 not 
longer than the second, in ¢ shorter...... (1) Ferreola, Lepel. 

(Type F. algerica, Lepel.) 


Head viewed from in front zoft wider than long, usually a little longer 


J 
than wide, the eyes zo? strongly converging above, although usually 
slightly converging . 3 Mant area Me eT cope} 4. 
Head viewed from in front wiker than long, the eyes strongly con- 
verging above. 

Claws in 2 with a median tooth, in ¢ cleft; first joint of 
flagellum in @ longer than the second, in ¢ not longer, 
about equal; submedian cell in front wings a little shorter 
than the median....... a voer a pis (2) Batozonus, Ashm., g. nov. 

(Type Pompilus algidus, Smith.) 

4. Claws in @ with a median tooth beneath, in ¢ cleft..............6 
Clawstclest, iia sboth, SeXes seer erceet ok wnesdiae Aae). (a cedionays eaminn. cas Bi 

5. Clypeus in @ anteriorly entire ; Wetathonie a ae iets obliquely 


truncate or more or less impressed ; tarsal comb in ? long. 

Wings black, fuscous or subhyaline ; first joint of flagellum in 
both sexes elongate, longer than the second; basal joint of 
front tarsi shorter than tibia ; abdomen usually marked with 
Witte sy. 4, )./.. » sieee ge oe 3) LSplopompilus, Ashnie: Dov: 
(Type Pompilus biguttulatus, Fabr.) 
Wings red or ferruginous, the tips black ; first joint of flagellum 
in ¢ not longer than the second ; basal joint of front tarsi 
longer than tibia; abdomen not marked with white, 
SERIGCOMUS cor. ies «tel he ach oe) CA atacy phony x.) Maerettt: 
(Type P. metemmensis, Magr.) 
6. Clypeus and labrum with a median sinus anteriorly ; pronotum with 

the hind margin arcuately or very obtusely angularly emarginate. 
Abdomen wholly black ; second joint of front tarsi less than half 
the length of the first......(5) Pompilogastra, Ashm., g. nov. 
(Type Pompilus aethiops, Cress. ) 
Abdomen with the second segment marked with red or yellow ; 
second joint of hind tarsi fully half as long as the 
BTSbp i ty. Joes -......(14) Arachnophroctonus, Ashm. (part). 
7. Metathorax bare or nearly, at least not clothed with a silvery 
pubescence ; claws in ? with a median tooth, in & cleft.......8. 


82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Metathorax clothed with a fine, usually dense, silvery pubescence ; 
claws in @ cleft, in < with a median tooth. 

Submedian and median cells equal, the transverse median nervure 
interstitial with the basal nervure; third cubital cell large, 
trapezoidal ; mandibles 2-dentate ; first joint of flagellum in ¢ 
as long as the second... ..(6) Sericopompilus, Ashm., g. nov. 

(Type Pompilus cinctipes, Cress.) 

Submedian cell a little longer than the median ; third cubital 
cell subtriangular; mandibles 3-dentate; first joint of flagellum 
in ¢ short, shorter than the 


second... .. 6... -l1 on (7) Nanwopompilus, Ashm., g. nov. 
(Type N. argenteus, Ashm., M. S.) 
8. Pronotum normal and always shorter than the mesonotum .......9. 


Pronotum broad and as long as the mesonotum. 


Submedian cell in front wings much longer than the median; third 
cubital cell large, not or only slightly narrowed 
ABOVE i onions sss eee bu dt 2|. (8) Exppoterreola, Ashm..¢. new. 
(Type Ferreola cephalotes, Sauss. ) 
g. Wings red or ferruginous, their tips black ; third cubital cell sub- 
quadrangular or trapezoidal, never distinctly triangular ; mandibles 
2-dentate, the inner tooth large, acute...... .(g) Epizuron, Schiodte. 
=Cryptocheilus, Panzer. 
(Type Pompilus rufipes, L.) 
Wings differently coloured, not red, usually fuscous or subfuscous ; 
mandibles in @ 3-dentate, the inner tooth small, in ¢ 2-dentate ; 
body marked with yellow or 
FEO ye ee cess ss ve els DO} Boeciopompilus, Ashms, ney. 
(Type Pompilus navus, Cress.) 
10. Metathorax posteriorly rounded, of impressed, and wéthowt a distinct 
median longitudinal impressed Jine or furrow above, or this line 1s 
very vapuely defined ......'.caum acts umes + =) + se stra STO: 
Metathorax posteriorly timgetee impressed or sin aie or Leni a 
more or less distinct median longitudinal impressed line or furrow 
above. 
Third cubital cell triangular, subtriangular, or at least always 
strongly narrowed above and sometimes petiolate ; claws in 
withta’niedian tooth, in G icleft:. «2.92, capes es voles 10, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 835 








Third cubital cell large, trapezoidal, or at least never distinctly 
thiaheulammonpetiolaten. 2)s\0. Jee ea eee, okt 


. Claws in ? with a median tooth, in f cleft; metathorax posteriorly 


NOt SEriate se. Chota inccleiowoRoe iO uOICnI nN donb "S <5 'Goaya. ccualnouenoc.o alles 
Claws cleft in Mott SeXes ; cHenathoras posteriorly 
SEMIAUE sar) wee wens Vedios © (11) Pseudoferrenia, Radoszk: 


(Type P. striata, Radosz.) 


. Transverse median nervure in front wings 7n¢erst7tiaZ with the basal 


nervure, the median and submedian cells of an equal length.... 4. 
Transverse median nervure in front wings vof interstitial with the 
basal nervure, the submedian cell more or less distinctly the 
A CETCEXES San ree tae aes ps, tgs ange eM LN RS pr ne nie A aera I: 


. Clypeus anteriorly truncate or very slightly rounded, without a median 


sinus ; body black or blue-black ; pronotum posteriorly obtusely 

angularly emarginate, first joint of flagellum in ? longer than the 

second, in ¢ not or scarcely longer than the second, but at least 

thrice as long as thick ; tarsal comb short and 

SPATSE oo. 52 sees oe eee sys) Pyenopompilus, Ashm., g: nov. 
(Type Pompilus scelestus, Cress.) 


Clypeus in 9 with a median sinus, in ¢ simple, the labrum slightly 
exposed.. Se ; Sua ee Bigs 

Clypeus in both sexes truncate or + sliettely: euneterd sbitdioes a median 
sinus. 

Body black or blue-black, the abdomen partly red ; first joint of 
flagellum very elongate, much longer than the second; posterior 
face of metathorax concave, the upper and lower angles ob- 
tusely dentate ; third cubital cell very large, the second 
quadrangular.....(Siam) (13) Tachypompilus, Ashm., g. nov. 

(Type T. Abbotti, Ashm., M. S.) 

Head and thorax black, the abdomen towards base marked with 
red ; posterior face of metathorax only slightly impressed ; 
third cubital cell triangular......(21) Entypus, Dahlb. (part). 


15. Abdomen red or marked with red or yellow, rarely wholly black ; first 


joint of flagellum in 2 elongate, longer than the second; in ¢ short, 

never longer than the 

second.................(14) Arachnophroctanus, Ashm., g. nov. 
(Type Pompilus ferrugineus, Say.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


(oA) 
oe 








16. ‘Third cubital cell small, disunctly triangular, and either petiolate or 
subpetiolate, rarely elliptical, 2. saigmeeeen) ts: RASS Cay ele 
Third cubital cell larger, triangular or SaMiriamewiee but never 
ae the marginal cell obliquely truncately pointed at 
SLIVER css £03! ce Wb 4 snl a cegsae ce! oan us be ep aa PIRES). SRNR Renae ATT 
17. Transverse median nervure in front wings interstitial with or anne 
a little before the basal nervure; pronotum as long or nearly as long 

as the mesonotum. 

Pronotum with the hind margin in @ obtusely angularly 
emarginate, in % arcuately emarginate ; first joint of flagellum 
in 9 elongate, much longer than the second, in ¢ not longer 
tlianthe SeCOnGd 2%. is. eee ee (15) Schiztosalius, Sauss. 

(Type S. Elliotii, Sauss.) 

Pronotum with the hind margin in both sexes arcuately 
emarginate ; first joint of flagellum in @ short, not longer 
than the second, in ¢ shorter than the 
Second’. 423.5... «. 9. (16) s0phroponrpilus, Ashm:,72. nov. 

(Type Pompilus ingenuus, Cress.) 

18, Tranverse median nervure in front wings of interstitial with the basal 

nervure, the submedian cell most frequently distinctly longer than 

the median. Pee tS, OP sei TLS 

‘Transverse A eiliat nervure in front wings ne vital Sith the wag 
nervure, the submedian and median cells equal. 

Pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, with the hind margin 
obtusely angularly emarginate (rarely arcuate); first joint of 
flagellum in ¢ elongate, much longer than the second, in ¢ 
not longer than the second.......(17) Pompiliodes, Radoszk. 

eve ky 0 (PyperP. unicolor, Radosz.) 

19. Marginal cell not elliptical, but triangularly pointed at apex ; claws in 
2 witha median-tooth-beneath anes tclefts s.. 2. ..3f0. tae en ee 
Marginal cell elliptical ; claws cleft in both sexes. 

Second and third cubital cells longer than wide, narrowed above; 
first recurrent nervure interstitial with the second transverse 
cubitus, the second recurrent nervure joining the third cubital 
cell a little beyond the 
middle ...............(18) Lophopompilus Radoszkowski.* 

(Type Pompilus grandis, Eversm.) 


“I do not know this genus; judging from the shape of the marginal cell, it may 
probably prove to belong to the Peps7e. 


~ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 8) 








20. 


2f. 


24. 


25. 


Third cubital cell trapezoidal or, at most, subtriangular, never dis- 


tinctly triangular or petiolate; abdomen black.... ..........21. 
Third cubital cell triangular and petiolate or subpetiolate, especially 
in the males ; abdomen more or less red basally.............22. 


Pronotum hardly shorter than the mesonotum, the hind margin 
arcuately emarginate; first joint of flagellum in @ longer than 
the second, in ¢ not longer than the second; tarsal comb not 
longa tame i. seta) erence eto) Pompriinas: Ashimeng, snowy: 

(Type Pompilus cylindricus, Cress. ) 

Pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, the hind margin obtusely 
angularly emarginate ; first joint of flagellum in ? very elongate, 
longer than the second, in ¢ about equal to the second ; tarsal! 
comb long, flexible........(20) Agenioideus, Ashm., g. n. (part). 

(Type Pompilus humilis, Cress.) 


. Pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, the hind margin obtusely 


angularly emarginate ; first joint of flagellum in ¢@ elongate, very 
distinctly longer than the second, in ¢ not or scarcely longer than 
the second ; abdomen usually marked with red or yellowish on basal 
SEGINEHES says tiefes os Semone selteae 2h) enty pus Daklbom: 

(Type E. ochraceus, Dahlb ) 


Metathorax posteriorly rounded, neither impressed nor obliquely 
truncate, and usually wzthout a distinct median longitudinal 
impressed line or furrow above, the latter, if present, is very 
vaguely defined ; pronotum rarely much lengthened.... ....30. 

Metathorax posteriorly obliquely truncate or impressed, often concave 
or subconcave posteriorly ; if rounded posteriorly, then the meta- 
notum has a median longitudinal impressed line or furrow... ..24. 

Front tarsi in Q wéthout a distinct long comb, at most with a scopa 
of short stiff bristles beneath and a few short bristles at apex of the 
FOES: Cee sea oe : z : age - 34. 

Front tarsi in ? Be a career senate ne cori: 3 cles in 19 ts 
a median tooth beneath, in ¢ cleft Cie otherwise and then 


INO ECG) ate cree: ; : oats igs ee ree re: 
Submedian 4 meee ne in hoe wings sitet the transverse 
median nervure being interstitial with the median nervure .. .. 26. 
Submedian cell in front wings longer than the median.... ......29. 


. Third cubital cell trapezoidal, usually as large or nearly as the 


SECON CRA ET Re ie CR a PETC hits Oe ER UE ELL GEE 2 SLE AOE Re eee 


86 


27: 


28. 


29. 


22) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Third cubital cell in front wings triangular or subtriangular, smaller 
than the second and sometimes petiolate.......5.....05.4....27. 


Body wholly black, but more or less distinctly clothed with a silvery 
or sericeous pubescence ; first and second joints of flagellum in 
both sexes equal or very nearly...(22) Anoplius, Lepel. (Dufour). 

(Type Pompilus nigerrimus, Scopoli.) 

Body not wholly black and not clothed with a silvery pubescence, the 
abdomen smooth, shining, always red at base; first joint of flagellum 
in longer than the second, in ¢ about 
equa@lwcch Go. ete 2s see es (24):Arochnophila; Ashm:; g. nov. 

(Type Pompilus divisus, Cress.) 

Body wholly black, usually more or less clothed with a silvery 
pubescence ; first joint of flagellum in ? longer than the second, 
in g not longer that the second. .(23) Aporoideus, Ashm., g. nov. 

(Type Pompilus sericeus, V. de Lind.) 

Pronotum with the hind margin obtusely angularly emarginate ; first 
joint of flagellum in ¢ always longer than the second, in ¢ some- 
LgUct SS, 110.515 opr he ee Re PR ee niGren bch ce SRaba are Wee oe 10 

Pronotum with the hind margin arcuately emarginate........... RO. 


. Body in ¢ usually clothed with a silvery pubescence ; third cubital 


cell triangular, usually petiolate, especially in 
TIES Sn eee cewc ss ks bss’ e tone (EO) Ee OMIpILENtsS, ASiintt, 
(Type Pompilus cylindricus, Cress.) 


. Body black and usually wth a more or less distinct silvery 


pubescence, especially in males; abdomen black, immaculate ; 
third cubital cell triangular and often petiolate or subpetio- 
late eke eee te < oins Se 22) CAMOpUs.: Lepel. (ufone) 
(Type Pompilus nigerrimus, Scopoli.) 
Head and thorax usually black, but without a silvery pubescence, the 
abdomen smooth and shining, always red basally ; third cubital cell 
variable, sometimes triangular and 
petiolate. 0. 2k. a. eee (24) Atachnophila, Ashm:; ig) nov. 


Pronotum with the hind margin obtusely angularly emarginate . . 33. 
Pronotum with the hind margin arcuately emarginate. 


. Submedian cell in front wings a little longer than the median ; third 


cubital cell trapezoidal or narrowed above, never distinctly triangular 
or petiolate ; mandibles in ? 3-dentate, in ¢ 2-dentate. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 








Third cubital cell usually.a little smaller than the second ; first 
joint of flagellum in ¢ longer than the second, in ¢ not longer 
than the second, about thrice as long as thick ; claws in 9 with 
a median tooth, in ¢ cleft. .(25) Aphiloctenus, Ashm., g. nov. 

(Type Pompilus virginiensis, Cress. ) 

Third cubital cell larger than the second ; first joint of flagellum 
in 2 elongate, nearly as long as 2 dae 3 united, in ¢ not or 
scarcely longer than the second, but about four times as long 
as thick ; claws cleft in both sexes.... (26) Hemisalius, Sauss. 

(Type H. albistylus, Sauss.) 


Tribe I1.—Aporini. 


The front wings with one or two cubital cells, never three as in the 
tribe Pompilini, and the slight difference in the insertion of the antenne, 
will readily distinguish the tribe. 

The group comes quite close to the subfamily P/anzcepina, in which 
are found forms with only two cubital cells in the front wings, so that the 
closest attention must be given to the characters used in separating the 
subfamilies or the student will go astray and confuse some of these forms 
with genuine Aporinz. 

Table of Genera. 


Metathorax posteriorly rounded, the hind angles unarmed............2. 

Metathorax posteriorly truncate, depressed or emarginate, the hind 

angles more or less distinctly produced into conical teeth or spines. 

Cubitus in hind wings usually interstitial or nearly ; tarsal comb 
present ; claws with teeth ; mandibles 

BACMUAG CI Pi eR rot nch cin eee tN cal eee (A OTUSI SD Inala’ 

(Type A. unicolor, Spin.) 

2. Cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median 


HOR VUE Brace aie tn all OM lanc ci” a ac a She pemaEHe ay Sag ao Let ay duabac 4. 
Cubitus in hind oe interstitial with the transverse median 
HELV Ce beep ey peeeesea i wnat ten. vs Shey, ektuate SA ork: 


. Transverse eaten nervure in een wings eeretitiall Tit ie basal 
nervure ; tarsal comb in @ present; claws toothed and combed ; 
mandibles#e-demtaie. 202 oO. nce ce eis (2) Evagetes, Lepeletier. 

(Type Pompilus bicolor, Fabr.) 

4. Transverse median nervure in front wings uniting with the median vein 

Jevyonar ii One. Of Ane basal METVULe a pans tie A cp-va chs pein oe 


os 


88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Transverse median nervure in front wings interstitial or men the 

median vein defore the origin of the basal nervure............ 6. 

5. Hind margin of pronotum arcuate ; antenne rather thick ; front tarsi 

with a comb; claws in @ with a tooth beneath, in ¢ cleft ; second 

cubital cell receiving gne recurrent nervure, the second recurrent 
joining the cubitus deyond the second transverse 

GUIS. 2.2 2. we. 5 Se cn eee SN) een Opoda, Ashineo- cn: 

(Type A. Rileyi, Ashm., MS.) 

6. Front tarsi combed ; claws cleft, without or, at most, with only a 


BUMUMNENCALY  COMID Ly2.a)e- ha icnagehs Rieke one Ib ee aM te Rie /Siole cam ek aero 
' Front tarsi zo¢ combed ; claws with a tooth and combed..........7. 
7. Pronotum not large, the hind margin obtusely angularly emarginate ; 
second cubital cell triangular .........(4) Xenaporus, Ashm., g. n. 


(Type Pompilus amoenus, Klug.) 

8. Front wings with two cubital cells; hind margin of the pronotum 
obtusely angularly emarginate......-(5) Gonaporus, Ashm., g. nov. 
(Type Pompilus gracilis, Klug.) 

Front wings with only one cubitai cell; hind margin of the pronotum 

AN CLEC egg eae tee ear ct g . 24 4iget 0) ZA DOrINUS, ASH ni: 2. NOV. 


(Kohls gr. 17.) 





NEW COCCIDA FROM THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AND 
PARAGUAY. 


BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, E. LAS VEGAS, N. M. 


The Coccide herein described were collected by Professor L. Bruner 
in 1897 and 1898. I examined the collection with more than ordinary 
interest, as practically nothing was known of the Coccide of the Argentine 
or Paraguay. The flora of the southern part of South America resembles 
in many respects that of the arid region of North America, and it was 
therefore not wholly unexpected that this resemblance should extend to 
the Coccidz. The collection is too small to show how far such a 
resemblance may extend, but the species of Orthesia and Lichtensia, at 
least, are entirely representative of North American types. 

(1.) Orthezia ultima, n. sp.— ¥. Waxy lamelle in two dorsal series, 
with a deep median sulcus, and the usual lateral series ; the dark surface 
of the back is narrowly exposed between the dorsal and lateral series ; 
anterior lamelle of the dorsal series thick, prolonged over the head, but 
not greatly produced nor divergent ; posterior lateral lamellz narrow and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89 








about equal in length, wot adherent to the ovisac. Dried ¢ very dark 
brown, about t1oo p long and 1200 broad. Ovisac 3 mm. long, fluted 
above. 


Skin densely beset with small spines. Antenne and legs very dark 
brown; lighter and redder after boiling. Antennz 8-jointed, last joint 
flat on one side, convex on the other, tipped with a spine. Joints 
measuring in 2: (1.) 60, (2.) 60, (3.) 84, (4.) 45, (5.) 48, (6.) 60, (7-) 57, 
(8.) 102. 

Hab.—Locality uncertain, but probably Ceres, Argentine Republic. 
On some herbaceous plant (probably Composite) with linear leaves. 
Allied to O. nigrocincta from New Mexico. 


(2.) Asterolecanium viridulum, n. sp.—Q. Scale circular, 2 mm. 
diameter, yellowish green, with hardly any fringe; @ boiled in caustic 
potash turns madder red ; margin with two rows of figure-of-eight glands, 
those of either row 12-18 » apart, and one row of simple glands, the latter 
not different from the scattered glands of the skin. Mouth-parts large, 
about 120 » diameter ; labium very short, twice as broad as long. 


Hab.—Tucuman, July 26, 1897, ‘fon a kind of ironweed.” It is 
close to A. pustuldans, and, like it, lives on the stems of the plant, produc- 
ing cavities. It is a larger scale than Awstu/ans, and has not the distinct 
fringe of that insect. 


(3.) Akermes Bruneri, n.g., n.sp.— @?. Long. 5%, lat. 6%, alt. 5% 
mm.; shape and colour, Kermes-like; globular, shiny, smooth, broader 
than long, very pale ochreous, faintly marbled with a darker tint, and 
sparsely dotted with raised black points, which are perforated in the 
centre ; two sulci extend upwards from the anal region in the form of a 
V, and other sulci occur somewhat irregularly ; some individuals have a 
dusky reticulation. Inferior aperture, long and narrow (long. 5, lat. 11% 
mm.), broadly margined with piceous. 


2. Boiled in caustic potash turns the liquid a dark yellowish 
brown ; skin with a microscopical polygonal reticulation, after the manner 
of Hulecanium ; no legs or antennz found; in the adult the anal plates 
are wholly obscured, the anal region being occupied by a large, very thick. 
dark red-brown chitinous mass, having a coarsely radiate structure ; in 
half-grown specimens the usual two plates are easily seen. The skin 
presents a number of large round dark chitinous areas, such as Signoret 
figures for A, verrucosus. 


90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Larva of ordinary form, with a row of large figure-of-eight (double) 
glands on each segment; numerous smaller round glands; no spines 
except the marginal ones, one on each segment on each side, about 15 p 
long ; no greatly produced caudal tubercles ; caudal bristles two, moder- 
ately long ; anal ring with six long bristles. Antennze 5-jointed, joint 5 
with very long bristles. Joints measuring in pw: (1.) 21, (2.) 15, (3-) 42, 
(4.) 30, (5.) 42. | 

ffab.—San Bernardino, Paraguay, Sept. 23, 1897, on spiny plant, 
probably leguminous. 

The genus Akermes is closely related to Zecanium, but is distinguished 
by its globular form, round chitinous areas in the skin, microscopical 
tessellation, and the characters of the larva as described. It has some 
resemblance to Cryffes from Australia, but it is not likely that it has the 
peculiar male scale of that genus. 

One other species is known, Akermes verrucosus (Lecanium verru- 
cosum, Signoret), which I had erroneously referred to Sazssetia. This is 
from Montevideo, and is very much larger than 4. Bruneri. 


(4.) Lichtensia simillima, n. sp.—Q. Red-brown, with a narrow 
white margin, varying to ochreous ; ovisac white, firm, texture leathery ; 
? with ovisac about 534 mm. long, 2% high. 

9. Margin with strong simple spines, about 25 » long and 30 apart; 
skin with many tubular glands ; Jabium small and semicircular (as in LZ. 
viburni),; anal plates triangular, about 180 » long, outer sides about 
equal, upper surface with a long finger-like process passing from near the 
middle backwards and inwards, the two processes nearly meeting in the 
middle line. 

Middle leg: femur and trochanter about 270 p, tibia 180, tarsus 120; 
tarsal digitules filiform, 6c long; claw digitules slender, about 24 long. 
Antenne 8-jointed, with sometimes a “false joint” in the third ; joints 
measuring in p: (1.) ?, (2.) 45-48, (3-) 96-105, (4.) 33-39) (5-) 48-515 
(6.) 36, (7-) 33, (8-) 51. 

Hfab.—On some shrubby plant. The label reads, “Scale, General 
Acha.” Closely related to Z. Zycid from New Mexico. 


Ceroplastes. (Wax Scales.) 
The female insects are to be separated by the following tables :— 
(a.) External Characters. 
Wax of the different individuals confluent, wholly surrounding the 
BEAU CH Ss oe chs ovo c 0 8'e' v's + 5 mKeR RRR nt pins SIRO ROUEN le Repetto ie 2d ECan 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9] 





Wax not thus surrounding branch. ee tS | spore iaten ork ike 
1. Waxy scale small, adults less than 5 mm. Tone light ellomish: Sscutigera. 
Waxy scale larger, over 5 mm. long........ Saale rates AZ 


ty 


Wax light amber, two lines of white secretion deen oer Hie. Meudiee 
Wax creamy white, no line of white secretion down each 
SUG RAcclsaayaeCrmthe sprigs). Mtaware, hs thabe Reeve. Rawls ater « REF IMMMENGAR 


(b.) Microscopical Characters. 


Strongly chitinous, with well-defined patches of or ee . Bruner, 


Less chitinous, without such patches......... nie 

1. Small species, under 3 mm. long, with a large, very wel denned ene 
nous caudal patch, h.c% ess 5 Bate . .scutigera. 
Larger, with the chitinous Ae area 1 puadaany aiadinig into the 
surrounding areas....... Sanaa kt IS oe CBR BERR ae Se Re 

2. Antenne 7-jointed, about 190 pu bighe. su cli Naderel an aeerei(s. oh AMER LO RIE: 
Antenne 3. -jomted; about 240 plone... 2. sls.) - .- Devnardensis. 


(5.) Ceroplastes Bruneri, n. sp. (T. D. A. & W. P. CkIl.). 


2. Wax cream-colour, surrounding twigs, the whole mass 15 mm. 
diam., the twig being 7 mm. ; dorsal nuclei shining white, sunken in 
deep depressions ; close behind each is a small aperture through which 
the caudal horn is seen; the waxy mass is conspicuously flecked with 
snow-white secretion. 


9. Dark red-brown, dorsally almost black, basally lighter and red- 
der; subpyriform, with a truncate base; alt. 51%, long. 4, lat. 5 mm., 
breadth of base 24% mm.; dorsum shiny ; caudal horn short, placed at 
top of posterior slope and directed upwards. ‘The born is placed higher 
up than in C. cande/a. The insects are not separated by wax, but their 
adjacent sides show much chalk-white secretion, in vertical bands. Skin 
(dorsal and laterai surfaces) strongly chitinous throughout, orange-fer- 
ruginous by transmitted light, anal region a rich dark chestnut ; large 
oval areas (the largest about 240 p» long) full of perforations ; at and near 
the margins the skin is strongly tuberculate, and perforate ; antennz and 
legs ordinary. Legs measuring in »: femur+trochanter, about 135 ; 
tibia ro5 (with a rather long hair 27 » from the end); tarsus 75 ; claw 33, 
slender, nearly straight, with a slight denticle within near the base ; tarsal 
digitules 45 » long, rather stout. 


Hab.—San Bernardino, Paraguay, Sept. 23, 1897. Close to C. con- 
Jiuens and C. utilis, but especially to the S. African C. cande/a. 


92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





(6.) Ceroplastes scutigera,n. sp.——Q. Waxy scale about 4% mm. long, 
3 broad, and 2 high; pale ochreous, with a lateral patch of white secre- 
tion, but no distinct lines; wax not divided into plates; area around 
central nucleus not darkened. ? denuded of wax, about 2 mm. long, 
flattish, margin tuberculate, caudal horn short. Skin semitransparent, 
except anal area, which is occupied by a very large and conspicuous red- 
brown chitinous patch, which has perfectly-defined margins, and a 
transverse diameter of about goo »; this patch shows a few scattered 
perforations, and just above the anal plates are a large number of furrows 
radiating from small perforations; anal plates with their long outer 
inferior slope strongly convex; margin with very numerous short stout 
spines ; antenne very pale, only about 300 pw long. 7-jointed, joints 
measuring :-(1.) 30, (2) 455(82)'00,\(4-) 7555.) 2 7enc0s) 245 | 7) ao. Sbemur 
+ trochanter, 177 ; tibia, 123 ; tarsus, 70 p. 

ffab.—Ceres, Argentine Republic, June 30, 1897, on a shrub with 
small entire oval-lanceolate leaves. This may be compared with: (a.) 
C. minutus, which is closely allied, and has the same well-defined caudal 
patch ; but it also has two chitinous patches on each side, containing 
perforations, these being quite absent in scutigera. (b.) C. speciosus has 
the caudal patch just as in scu¢igera, and lacks the lateral patches of 
minutus ; 1t has spines only near the stigmata (for a distance of about 
2to on each side), whereas scutigera has them all around ; the antenne 
of sfeciosus are very short, only about 165 p long; externally, speczosus is 
easily distinguished from scutigera by its dark reddish wax, with a large 
whitish dorsal patch. (c.} C. rotundus is smaller, with well-defined waxy 
plates. (d.) C. purpureus is much smaller. (e.) C. Zheringi looks just 
lke scutigera externally, but it has not the caudal patch. (f.) C./formosus 
has bright yellow wax. 

(7.) Ceroplastes novaesi mendoze@, n. subsp.—Waxy scale about 6% 
mm. long, 6 broad, 5 high; pale amber, with a decided ferruginous tint ; 
sides with two white lines more or less defined; wax not divided into 
plates, strongly nodulose. 

9. Denuded of wax lively ferruginous, convex, about 5 mm. long, 
4 broad, 3% high; dorsum rounded, without prominences ; caudal horn 
short, directed upwards, from hind margin to tip of caudal horn is about 
2% mm. Skin not very strongly chitinized, except around anal area ; 
diameter of mouth-parts about 135 j; antennz about 180-195 p long, 


joints measuring: (1.) 24, (2.) 33, (3.) 24, (4-) 36, (5-) 18, (6.) 20, (7.)25 5 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 93 








the suture between 3 and 4 is not very distinct. Legs with femur + 
trochanter go ; tibia 51 ; tarsus 50, or rather more. 

/fab.—Mendoza, Argentine Republic, Jan. 26, 1898, on pithy stems 
of some herbaceous plant. ‘This agrees with Hempel’s C. moves in the 
small legs, with the tibia and tarsus about equal ; it also agrees externally, 
except that the wax of zovesi is paler and not so red. It seems best 
to regard the two as geographical races of one species. 

(8.) Ceroplastes Bernardensis, n. sp.—Waxy scale about 6144 mm. 
long, 6 broad, and 5%% high, creamy white, not divided into plates nor 
marked with white lines; dorsal nucleus white, with no dark area 
surrounding it. Denuded @ lively ferruginous, blackish dorsally ; length 
4%, breadth 3, height 2!4 mm.; dorsum with a longitudinal crest ; caudal 
horn short but large, directed backwards. 

Anal area with a ferruginous chitinous patch, the edges of which are 
not well defined; anal plates shaped as in C. scutigera; skin with 
scattered minute perforations ; mouth-parts small, about 130 » diameter. 

Femur + trochanter, 135 »; tibla 100; tarsus 66. 

Antenne about 240 p long, 8-jointed ; joints measuring: (1.) ?, 
(2.) 42, (3-) 33, (4-) 33: (5-) 39, (6) 18, (7-) 18, (8.) 30. 

Hlab.—San Bernardino, Paraguay, Sept. 23, 1897. On twigs of 
undetermined plant. This agrees externally with the species which 
Hempel regards as C. /anetrensis, but the structure appears to be 
different. I cannot reconcile Hempel’s /amezrensis with Signoret’s account 
of that species, and believe it is wrongly identified. ‘The South American 
species of Cerop/astes are so numerous that it is next to impossible to 
identify them by such descriptions as were given by the older authors ; 
fortunately, these descriptions are few, and the great majority are well 
described by Mr. Hempel. 

C. Amazonicus resembles Lernardensis, but on close inspection it is 
seen that the wax is divided into plates, though the sutures are colourless. 





A CANADIAN ANOPLONYX. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. 


Among Hymenoptera which I sent to Provancher in 1885 was a 
sawfly which he determined as Vematus malacus, Nort. As it did not 
correspond to the description of that species, it was set aside with some 
undetermined material. While rearranging my Nematide, I recently 
examined the insect to ascertain its generic position, and found that 


94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


it had simple claws. As it has not the appearance of Gymnonychus, 
I was somewhat puzzled until, on examining the wings, I found that the 
lanceolate cell was widely contracted as in the subfamily C/adine, instead 
of petiolate as in the Nematinz. The insect, therefore, must be placed 
in the genus Anoplonyx, which Marlatt has separated from Camponiscus, 
which has bifid claws. As no representatives of these genera were known 
to Marlatt when he published his Revision of the Nematine (Technical 
Series No. 3; Dept. Agric., U. S., 1896), the following description of this 
Canadian form is submitted : 

Anoplonyx Canadensis, 0. sp.—Length, 5 mm. Rather slender ; 
black, impunctate ; frontal area distinct, but not strongly marked; clypeus 
emarginate ; antennz slender, piceous, finely pubescent, joints three to five 
subequal ; edge of clypeus, labrum, mandibles, tegule and legs, except 
coxe, pale honey-yellow ; veins of wings pale, especially the costa and 
stigma ; four submarginal cells, the second receiving both recurrent 
nervures. 

One ¢ collected at Ottawa about 188s. 


CHANGES IN THE COLOUR OF BUTTERFLIES. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


While studying the specializations of the wing in the Papc/ionides, 
the general results of which are published in the Proc. Am. Philosophical 
Society, Jan., 1899, I found that /pAzclides, Ajax, Marcellus, etc., differed 
so strongly from the type of Zurnus as to be generically separable. Ajax 
is, in fact, allied to species having a greenish or yellowish white ground 
colour, from South America and the Old World, while Zurzus is evidently 
related to the black North American forms, Zyoz/us, etc., with which it 
flies. This fact enables me to draw the probable conclusion that Glaucus 
represents the original colour of the species, which, so to speak, is turning 
into Zurnus. The black 2 G/aucus is the more conservative, whereas 
the males are already, with very rare exceptions, of the yellow type of 
Turnus. It is different with certain cases of so-called “ melanism,” now 
spreading in Europe, as Zudyja var. Doubledayaria, and Agia vars. 
fere-nigra and melaina. Here the original ground colour is changing to 
black indifferently in both sexes. 

Conversely it is the male Cal/osamia promethea which appears to 
have more recently become black, while the female retains what was 
probably the original red-brown colour of the species. I have alluded to 
this probability in my paper on the Saturnians, Mitt. aus d. Roemer 
Museum, June, 1896, p. 14. When compared with C. angudifera in this 
respect, C. Aromethea seemed to me to be the younger, more modern 
form, in which sexual dimorphism has more recently taken place. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 





THE YELLOW-WINGED CATOCAL:. 


BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 

At the time of writing the paper on the red-winged Catocale* I 
thought I should very soon complete the list ; but other matters have too 
long crowded out the work I had planned to do. I shall now give, 
however, my idea of how they should be arranged, with some notes 
on some of the species. The numbering is continuous with the : 


numbering of the red-winged species : 


62. Nebulosa, Edw. 80. Badia, G.-R. 

63) Piatrix, Grote: 81. Coelebs, Grote. 

64. Dionyza, Hy. Edw. var. Phoebe, Hy. Edw. 

65. Neogama, A.-S. 82. Habilis, Grote. 
var. Communis, Grote. var. Basalis, Grote. 
var. Snowiana, Grote. 83. Clintonii, Grote. 

66. Subnata, Grote. ; var. Helene, Pilate. 

67. Cerogama, Guenée. 84. Abbreviatella, Grote. 
var. Bunkeri, Grote. 85. Whitneyi, Dodge. 

68. Paleogama, Guenée. 86. Nuptialis, Walker. 
var. Annida, Fager. Myrrha, Strecker. 
var, Phalanga, Grote. 87. Polygama, Guenée. 

69. Consors, A.-S. Blandula, Hulst. 

70. Muliercula, Guenée. var. Crategi, Saunders. 
var. Peramans, Hulst. var. Mira, Grote. 

71. Delilah, Strecker. 88. Pretiosa, Lintner. 
Adoptiva, Grote. 89. Amasia, A.-S. 

2. Desdemona, Hy. Edw. Sancta, Hulst. 

73. Calphurnia, Hy. Edw. var. Virens, French. 

74. Andromache, Hy. Edw. go. Cordelia, Hy. Edw. 

75. Frederici, Grote. g1. Chelidonia, Grote. 

76. Illecta, Walker. g2. Similis, Edw. 
Magdalena, Strecker. Formula, Grote. 

77. Serena, Edw. var. Aholah, Strecker. 

78. Amestris, Strecker. var. Isabella, Hy. Edw. 
Anna, Grote. 93. Fratercula, G.-R. 


79: 


var. Westcottii, Grote. 
Antinympha, Hubner. 





*Can. ENT,, XXXIII., 205 (July, 1901). 


var. Atarah, Strecker. 
var. Jaquenetta, Hy. Edw. 


96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





var. Ouwah, Poling. too. Gracilis, Edw. 
var. Timandra, Hy. Edw. var. Sordida, Grote. 
var. Hero, Hy. Edw. tot. Minuta, Edw. 
var. Gisela, Meyer. var. Parvula, Edw. 
94. Olivia, Hy. Edw. var. Mellitula, Hulst. 
95. Preclara, G.-R. toz. Amica, Hubner. 
96. Dulciola, Grote. Androphila, Guenée. 
97. Grynea, Cramer. var. Lineella, Grote. 
var. Constans, Hulst. var. Nerissa, Hy. Edw. 
98. Alabame, Grote. 103. Jair, Strecker: 


gg. Titania, Dodge. 

I have examined a number of specimens of Dionyza, Hy. Edw., from 
Arizona, through the kindness of Mr. Poling, and see no reason for calling 
it a variety of Piatrix, Grote. The wings are constantly lighter and 
somewhat differently marked, and it is a smaller insect. 

Desdemona, Hy. Edw., is quite a distinct form from Ded/idah, Strecker. 
While the mesial band of hind wings shows that it belongs to the same 
group, the general aspect and markings of the fore wings are quite 
different. The Eastern form De/i/ah has the general tone of the fore wings 
a distinct brown, while the Western form is gray, with lighter hind wings. 
All the Eastern forms I have seen agree with Dr. Strecker’s figures, 
plate 11. 

I do not know Henry Edwards’s species Cadphurnia and Andromache, 
except in the descriptions. As to Badia and Coe/ebs, there is quite a 
difference of opinion. From all the examples I have seen, I should regard 
them as distinct. Mr. C. M. Dodge, of Louisiana, Mo., says that, on the 
authority of his collectors, they fly at different times. I have seen no 
intergrades, and will leave them as distinct till breeding settles the 
question. 

Abbreviatella and Whitneyi are very close, but from all the examples 
that have come to me, they seem distinct. They fly at different times, and 
Abbreviatella is the more northern form. I would suggest that Mr. Dodge 
should make an effort to breed Whitueyi, which occurs in his locality, 
and thus settle the question. 

It seems to me that there is little excuse for the name Alandu/a. 
Our specimens of Po/ygama agree as well with Guenée’s figure and 
description as we can expect of any of the figures and descriptions of the 
period in which they were made. With regard to Crategi and Mira, 


te) 
~I 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





they seem to me to be varieties of Polygama. None of the forms occur 
here, but many times [ have been called upon to identify them, which | 
have done with hesitation. Last summer a lot of bred specimens were 
sent me which contained all three of the forms, but the larvee seemed to 
the one who bred them to be identical. Of course, this is not as con- 
clusive as breeding from one brood of eggs, but from this and other 
observations I should place them together. 

I append here three figures, one of Amasia, A.-S, (Fig. 1), as it flies 
in our woods in July. The second is a copy of Abbott’s figure of Amasza 
(Fig. 2). The third is a figure of Cordelia, Hy. Edw. (Fig. 3), as it also 
occurs here in the same month. As to the latter, my first examples were 
identified by Henry Edwards soon after he described the species, so that 
I have no hesitation in thinking that I know his species. I have taken 
both forms for a number of years and have never found any variation of 





one towards the other. Avmasza is rather a variable species, the variations 
consisting in some being lighter than others, and in some showing a green- 
ish tinge as in var. Virens. On the other hand, Corde/ia varies but little. 
As to which one Abbott had before him when he made the figure, I think 
no one who sees these figures will doubt. I have shown these figures to 
several who are well versed in the genus, and without hesitation they said 
Amasia as I have it here and not Corde/ia. Dr. Strecker’s figure 12, plate 
9, is a very good copy of either Abbott’s figure or of a specimen of Amasia. 

I have many times had A/adame from the South for identification, 
and I can see no reason for regarding it as a variety of Grynea. The 


98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





colour of the fore wings is always lighter and of a greenish tinge, and there 
is less brown in the markings. 

Mr. Dodge’s addition to the list, 7z¢anza, is a good species. So is, 
also, Dr. Strecker’s addition, Jair. I have seen examples of both of 
these. 

Before closing this I want to speak again of the /uwctura group. The 
more I see of the Arizona specimens, the more satisfied I am that the 
Texan form is separate from both of those that occur in Arizona, There 
are two forms there: one that is even reddish gray, that should be known 
as Babayaga, Strecker ; the other one is a more broken light and dark 
reddish gray, and this is Arizona, Grote. The Texan form is a larger 
insect than either of the Arizona forms, of an even greenish gray, and may 
be known as Zexane. 


THE DECTICINEAN GENUS EREMOPEDES. 
BY A. N. CAUDELL, WASHINGTON, D. C. 

The genus Eremopedes was established by Scudder in 1894, Can. 
Ent., XXVI., p. 178, 181. It was founded on a female specimen in the 
National Museum, but the species was not described till 1900. Previous 
to that date Mr. Cockerell described a species from New Mexico, together 
with a colour variety of the same, and I can now add a third species to 
the genus. In connection with its description it may be well to give a 
short account of the genus, which may be characterized as follows : 

Insects of medium size. Head with the fastigium moderately promi- 
nent. ‘Thorax with the prosternum unarmed.* Pronotum smooth, 
moderately rounded, nearly as much arched posteriorly as anteriorly, and 
without carine. Legs moderately spinose, hind pair long, the femora 
extending far beyond the tip of the abdomen, usually as much as half 
their length. Fore tibize spined above on the outer margin only, the 
spines three in number. Ovipositor moderately curved upwards. 

The species, so far as now known, occur in the south-western part 
of the United States, from Colorado southwards, and all appear to be 
comparatively rare. The species may be separated as follows : 

A. Lateral lobes of the prothorax well developed, the posterior border 
distinctly sinuate. (Fig. 4b.) 
a. Larger. Unicolorous, a uniform pale 
brown. uae RA Pager fics ..unicolor, Scudd. 
aa, Smaller. Rariessteal dark above, ales beloge .Balli, n. Sp. 








* There are two small blunt spines present, but they are not conspicuous. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 8) 





AA. Lateral lobes of the prothorax somewhat feebly developed, the pos- 
terior border without a sinus. (Fig. 4a.) 
a. Colour brownish ochreous marked with 
PAG Kaeretous avottany stvebyeivy cree ee o's acta. ace Ceres COCK. 
aa. Uniformlyapple green in colour. . Scudderi, var. viridis, Cock. 


ot oe 


Fic 4. 
EREMOPEDES UNICOLOR, Scudd. 
Eremopedes unicolor, Scudd., Cat. Orth. U.S., 78, 97-98, pl. 2, fig. 1 
(1900) ; Index NA. Orth., 110 (1gor). 

The author’s description is here given : 

“Nearly uniform dull brownish testaceous, the hind femora feebly 
infuscated apically. Head full, the face somewhat ferruginous and the 
genz with fuscous blotches, the fastigium rather prominent, rounded ; 
antennze very slender, about half as long again as the body, testaceous. 
Pronotum well rounded, equally arched in front and behind, without 
lateral or median carinz, the front margin feebly convex, the hind border 
truncate, but laterally rounded; lateral lobes obliquely deflexed, well 
rounded beneath, the oblique posterior margin with a distinct though 
slight sinus. Tegmina aborted. Legs rather long and slender, the fore 
tibiz with three spines above on outer margin. Ovipositor more than 
two-thirds as long as the hind femora, distinctly arcuate, moderately 
slender, faintly tapering, apically acuminate, castaneous, the apical 
margins darker. 

“ Length of body, 25 mm.; pronotum, 8 mm. ; fore femora, 7 mm. ; 
hind femora, 21 mm. ; ovipositor, 16.5 mm. 

“One female. Arizona, U.S. National Museum.” (Type No. 5736.) 

It is pointed out by the describer that this, being the species on 
which the genus was established, is the type of the genus, even though 
another species, #. Scudder, Cock., had been previously described. 
This view may be questioned according to the latest published laws on 
this subject, and the genus previous to the publication of Cockerell’s 
species in 1898 was certainly invalid, being based on an undescribed 
species. However, the circumstances seem to justify the retention of 
unicolor as the type of Hremopedes, Scudd. 





100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





EREMOPEDES BALLI, 0. sp. 

Very similar in form to #. wnicolor, but readily distinguished from 
that species by the average smaller size and varied coloration. It is 
also a slightly less robust species. 

General colour brownish above, much lighter below. Head moder- 
ately full, dark brown above, face and lower part of the genz pale, the 
upper portion of the genz generally much mottled with fuscous. Man- 
dibles rufous distally, with piceous teeth, the overiying labrum pallid. 
The fastigium as in waicolor. Eyes black, small, rounded, slightly longer 
than broad. Thorax shaped as in wmicolor, very dark above and pallid 
below, the lateralJobes ample and with pale yellowish margins, broadest 
on the posterior margin ; this pale emargination is continued narrowly 
across the anterior edge of the pronotum above, but on the posterior edge 
it gives way above, and towards the upper part of the lateral lobes toa 
narrow piceous emargination. Abdomen dark above, but usually dis- 
tinctly lighter than the pronotum and pallid beneath. Legs light brown, 
paler beneath, the posterior femora black at apex, armed beneath on 
inner side with from 1-3 short spines, usually 1; fore and middle femora 
with a small genicular spine, often very indistinct or absent on the 
anterior ones. All the tibiz spined both above and below, the spines 
concolorous with the tibiz, and usually, especially those on the upper 
side of the posterior pair, apically infuscated. Wings invisible in the 
female, in the males the tympanum is visible, a fourth as long as the pro- 
notum, very dark brown, with veins and margins pallid. Ovipositor 
gently arcuate, castaneous, apically infuscated. 

Length of body: male 19-24 mm., female 20-25 mm. ; pronotum, 
male 5.5 mm., female 6-6.5 mm. ; hind femora, male 15.5-17 mm., 
female 18.5—21 mm, ; Ovipositor, 13-15 mm. 

Six males, three females, Ft. Collins, Colorado. (Type No. 6150, U. 
S. Nat. Mus.) 

These specimens weve collected on August roth, rgor, on a stony 
hill a mile or so west of Ft. Collins. They were very active in eluding 
pursuit, and their colour harmonized so well with the surrounding grass 
and stones that they were with difficulty captured. They mature early in 
August and seem to be quite local in their distribution. I was guided to 
their haunts by Mr. E. D. Ball, to whom I take pleasure in dedicating the 
species. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 








EREMOPEDES SCUDDERI, Cock. 

Eremopedes Scudderi, Cock., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Il., 323-324 
(1898) ; Scudd., Cat. Orth. U.S., 78 (1900); Index N. A. Orth., 109 
(1901). 

The original description is here given in full: 

“Tength of body 19-21 mm., of pronotum 6 mm., hind femora 
21.33 mm.,, hind tibiz 23 mm., ovipositor 19.20 mm., antenne about 
51 mm. 

“‘Sepia brown in effect, but in reality ochreous, closely and finely 
marked with blackish; the density of the black marking somewhat 
variable, but the lateral margins of the pronotum always broadly pale 
ochreous. Pronotum truncate in front and behind, the margins narrowly 
castaneous and slightly concave; lateral lobes not greatly developed. 
Ovipositor dark brown, only moderately curved. Hind femora with 5-7 
very short spines on the inner side ; hind tibiz with from 28 to 23 spines 
in the outer row. Spines of the anterior tibie pale ochreous, tipped with 
black and having a black longitudinal line on the upper side ; there is 
also sometimes a black patch immediately at the base of each spine. 
Spines of hind tibie brown tipped with black, but the ridge from which 
they spring is whitish. 

“ Var., viridis. Similar to the type, but entirely bright apple-green. 

“ Hab.—Mesilla Park, New Mexico, on the campus of the New 
Mexico Agricultural College. Eight of the brown form and two of the 
green. They were found in an outhouse, and are doubtless nocturnal 
in their habits. One specimen was found in the jaws of a Scolopendra 
heros, which had killed it.” 

The National Museum collection contains one male specimen of this 
species from Mesilla Park, N.M., a topotype probably sent by Prof. 
Cockerell. The pronotum of this specimen is dark ferruginous above, 
and the posterior femora are but rg mm. in length. The pronotum is also 
slightly flattened posteriorly above, probably due to shrinkage in drying. 





I desire to acknowledge the kind consideration of an unknown friend, 
in sending to me 38 Cecropia cocoons, apparently all sound. The pack- 
age bore the postmark of Chicago. 

J. Atston Morrat, Cur. and Libr., Ent. Soc., Ont. 





Erratum,— Page 67, third line, tor Hammantel/a read Harrimaniella. 


102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





LABELS. 


Anyone who has had even the slightest experience in attempting to 
get intelligent notes to accompany his acquisitions by exchange has 
doubtless been sorely vexed—to put it nomore strongly. Anyone who has 
tried to keep a careful record of the conditions under which his own 
collections were made has also doubtless felt the need of some better 
scheme than the regulation notebook. It is for these reasons that I 
suggest an idea which I find very useful. 


In the first place, I write (or print with a hand stamp) my own 
locality labels so that I can fix the places definitely. The ordinary 
entomologist, unless he has a large collection from precisely the same 
limited \ocality, can scarcely afford to have special labels printed, and 
general ones are useless when the collection is to be used for more than 
a purely zsthetic exhibition. ‘‘ Chicago, Ill.” tells almost nothing of 
value for Chicago, if only the region within city limits is meant ; itis a big 
place and any attempt to find a second specimen must necessarily be 
made as much in the dark as the first. 


But the real plan which I wish to present is one by which full notes 
of the insect’s environment are kept upon the same pin with the insect, 
and its ecology can thus be taken in with the same glance that sees the 
mounted specimen. 

Botanical ecologists have divided plant habitats into hydrophytic, 
mesophytic, and xerophytic.. The same classification can be applied to 
animals, and we would term those insects living in moist situations 
‘““hydrozoic.” ‘* Xerozoic” follows naturally for the dry habitats ; but 
when we come to “ mesozoic” we have an interesting preémption by the 
geologists. | Nevertheless, whatever the names used, the habitat types 
remain, and I have chosen to represent them in the following manner : 


Across the top of the locality label a solid (——-—) blue line 
indicates that the specimen was found in water—the most extreme 
hydrozoic situation imaginable. A line of blue dashes (-—--) means 
that the insect was taken in a swamp ; while blue dots (......) signify a 


swale. Green is used for medium conditions—a solid green line 
standing for dense woods ; green dashes for open woods ; and green dots 
for thickets. A solid red line represents the driest sort of places—a 
desert or dry rocks ; red dashes, grass land, prairie, etc.; and red dots, 
the boundary between grass land and forest. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 





This may seem to be a very cumbersome plan, but I feel confident 
that a little use will convince even the most skeptical that itis not. My 
labels are cut from sheets of thin Bristol-board which have previously 
been ruled as indicated above—the lines being spaced according to the 
size of the labels desired. This ruling may be done with a pen and 
different coloured inks, or any printer will do it quite cheaply. The 
cutting is done so that the lines come at the top of the finished label, and 
a supply of each kind of these is kept in separate compartments in my 
label box. It is then as easy a matter to pick out the right sort of slip 
upon which to write the locality as it is to use a plain white label which 
means nothing. 


One beauty of the plan is that it is capable of almost indefinite 
expansion, and so can never be.outgrown. An addition which I have 
found useful is to have a supply of very small bits of paper, or preferably 
light Bristol-board. These are of various colours and shapes. If the 
specimen be of a night-flying species, I put a square black bit on the pin 
just above the locality label. If it be active only at twilight, I use a narrow 
black bit. If it was found in the ground, a square brown bit in the same 
place shows that ; while a narrow brown piece indicates that it was found 
under a board, stone, or some such thing. A minute green square tells 
at a glance that the insect lived in a tree; a green oblong stands for a 
log ; and a roughly circular green bit signifies a stump habitat. A yellow 
square indicates a carrion insect; while a yellow oblong is put upon the 
pin of one found in manure. And so we can run through the whole 
gamut of insect environment, although, I think, these will be found to 
cover most of the ground, providing we add a symbiosis label. This 
may conveniently be a white one, small as possible, upon. which is 
written the name of the other symbiont ; e.g. *‘ golden-rod,” ‘‘ dog,” or 
“‘ Formica sf.” 

We have, by this means, always with the insect, not only the date 
and locality of its capture, but compact notes of its habitat and general 
environment. Your notebook is always open and never lost. A case of 
insects becomes, in fact, a notebook illustrated by specimens. It is 
then something more than mere “ dried bugs,” interesting as they may be. 
Furthermore, a supply of such labels taken into the field is an exceed- 
ingly easy and accurate method of making field notes, as the appropriate 
ones can readily be slipped into the paper or box with the insect. 

Frank E, Lutz, Chicago, III. 


104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NOTE ON CTENUCHA CRESSONANA, 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


In the Catalogue of the Lep. Phalenz, p. 528, this species is 
incorrectly referred to C. venosa. ‘The specimens there recorded are 
probably all C. venosa, at least those from my collections are. Mr. Geo. 
Francke sends me two fresh specimens of C. Cressonana. In these, as 
stated in my original description, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., June, 1863, the 
third stripe of C. vezosa is wanting. The stripes on cubitus and branches 
and along anal region of primaries may vary from white (as I described 
them) to yellow, and the costa may be yellow (in the first instance) or red. 
For the yellow-striped form with red costa I propose the name var. Zufea. 
The fringes in C. Cressonana are entirely white, and I was careful to 
point out other differences from C. venosa, which should not have been 
overlooked by the author of the Catalogue above referred to. 





ON THE USE OF EUPETHECIA. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


In reference to a recent “ protest” in the pages of the Can. Env 
(Vol. XXXIIL., p. 263) against a change in the generic name Lupethecia, 
I believe its abandonment, in favor of a Hibnerian name chosen cut of 
the Verzeichniss by Mr. Meyrick, to be invalid. I retain it myself in the 
collection here for the reason that its date is certain, and there is a rule of 
the German zoological code that if exact dates cannot be ascertained (and 
this is the case for that part of the Verzeichniss which contains the 
Geometrids), preference shall be given to the genus which has a type 
cited. This is reasonable, and custom has correctly sanctioned the use of 
Eupethecia. Yam indebted to Mr. L. B. Prout, of London, England, for 
the information that Curtis himself, in founding the genus Lufethecia, 
explicitly chooses adsinthiata, L., as type of the genus, April 1, 1825. In 
my study of the Geometrid genera (1895-96), only a fragment of which 
appeared in the Transactions of the Entomological] Society of London, I 
pointed out some of the errors into which I have reason to believe Mr. 
Meyrick has fallen. JI express here no opinion as to the use of Phalena 
as a generic title, but, if used, I believe its restriction by Fabricius in Gen. 
Ins. Mant., 1777, would give prosopiaria, L., as type. The European 
papilionaria is the type of Zerpne, Hiibner, 1806. I have not found the 
type of Geometra. I believe we must keep Lupethecia for the ‘‘ pugs.” 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 





DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NOCTUID. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
Aleptina inca, n. gen., et sp. 

Two males, Arizona (Cox) ; So. Ariz., Apr. 1-15 (Poling). 

Fore wings gray, cinereous shaded at base, followed by a large 
ochreous patch that extends to the t.-a. line on lower half of wing. T.-a. 
line upright, germinate, black, twice waved ; orbicular large, oval, whitish, 
black ringed and containing a large, oval, brown-black centre ; reniform 
similar, but obscure and lost in a pale shade that extends to costa at t.-p. 
line. ‘T.-p. line black, parallel to external margin cut off above by the white 
shade, followed closely outwardly by a blackish subterminal line. A 
crenalated, pale, blackish edged terminal line. Fringe pale, dark spotted. 
Hind wings whitish, a dusky shading before the fringe. Abdomen gray ; 
thorax concolorous with fore wings. Expanse 23 mm. 

Two females, Comfort, Texas (Holland) ; Kerrville, Tex. (Barnes). 

Similar to the male, but paler, more ashen gray, the markings less 
contrasted ; hind wings largely shaded with brownish gray except on the 
base and on the fringe. Expanse 23 mm. 

Antenne filiform ; front moderately produced, with a wide platelike 
projection above, nearly as wide as the space between the eyes, a 
similar, but curved and less prominent plate below on the lower edge of 
the front. Palpi upcurved, reaching above the middle of the front, 
uniform, scaled, the third joint slightly narrowed at base. Tongue 
distinct. Fore femora stout, tibiz short, unarmed ; tarsi spined ; hind 
tibiz with the spurs long. ‘Thoracic vestiture of broad flat scales ; 
abdomen untufted. Vein 5 of hind wings distinct, arising from lower 
part of cell. Wings shaped much as in Saz/eya, Grote (Leptina, Guen., 
nec Meig.), but narrower. 


BOOK NOTICES. 
GENERA INSECTORUM.—Published by P. Wytsman, 108 Boulevard du 
Nord, Brussels, Belgium. 

The first part of this important work has been received and amply 
fulfills any expectations that one may have formed regarding its style and 
appearance. It is of quarto size, beautifully printed, with broad margins 
- to the leaves, and an admirably-executed plate in black and white. The 


family Gyrinide (Coleoptera) is treated by Dr. Regimbart, who gives a 
general description of the characteristics of the family and a synoptic 


106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





table of genera ; this is followed by descriptions of each genus and a list 
of the species belonging to it, with their geographical distribution. On. 
the plate a specimen of each genus is depicted, with beautifully clear 
figures of structural details. 

The original plan of publication has been somewhat modified and 
the work will now be issued in smaller parts, each containing a single 
family of insects. The price will vary in accordance with the number of 
pages and plates contained in the part, at the rate of 1 franc 60 per plate 
and 20c. per page. The first part, consisting of 12 pages and 1 plate, 
will thus cost 4 francs = $0 cents. The language adopted for the work 
is French. It is to be hoped that the number of subscribers will be 
sufficient to enable the enterprising publisher to complete the work 
without loss ; he certainly cannot have any anticipations of profit. 
Fumication Meruops.—By Willis G. Johnson, New York: Orange 

Judd Company, 52 Lafayette Place. One Vol., pp. 313. (Price, post- 
paid, $1.00.) 

The writer of this handy volume is well-known amongst economic 
entomoiogists as the Apostle of Hydrocyanic Acid Gas, the virtues of 
which as an effective insecticide he has never lost any opportunity of 
extolling. He has now brought together in concise form the results of 
his own methods as well as the experiences of others, and furnishes a 
most convenient manual of information for fruit-growers, florists, nursery. 
men and others who may be compelled to resort to this drastic means 
of exterminating noxious insects.. The material used for fumigation is of 
such a deadly poisonous nature that it cannot be recommended for 
general use and should only be adopted by experienced persons who 
understand the necessary precautions and will see that they are carefully 
carried out. The study of this book will give all necessary information 
regarding the practical application of the gas, the apparatus required and 
the appliances that have been found most satisfactory, and it should be in 
the hands of everyone who has anything to do with fumigation. Besides 
the gas referred to, an account is given of the use of Carbon Bisulphide, 
which—with simple precautions—may be employed by anyone for the 
destruction of household pests, underground vermin, mill or granary 
insects. The book is fully illustrated and written in a clear and concise 


manner. 


Mailed April 5th, 1902. 





CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXIV. PLATE 3. 





HYDRASCIA (BIRD) 


BAPTISI.A® (MALE) BAPTISIL2& (FEMALE) 
LIMPIDA CERUSSATA 
CATAPHRACTA IMPECUNIOSA 
DUOVATA NECOPINA 


INQUAESITA INSULIDENS 








The Canadian Hatomologist. 





Vou: XXXIV. LONDON, MAY, 1902. No. 5 











NEW HISTORIES AND SPECIES IN HYDRCECIA. 
BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y. 


( Continued from Vol. XX XTTI., ~. 68.) 


In searching out the boring larve of the Noctuid genus Hydrecia, 
that large and showy species, sfeciosisstma, has continued to prove a 
decided enigma. This great tawny fellow, with its distinctive white spots, 
must in the early stages leave some flagrant evidence of its whereabouts 
behind, yet try as we may all efforts seem in vain, and the conclusion was 
finally reached that Rye could not number this species in its.local list. So 
the few records of its capture are looked up, and the determination is 
made to have atrial elsewhere. In 1868, Grote and Robinson described 
this species, together with zvguesita, under the generic term Gortyna 
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. I., 342), and relate receiving their types from 
Seekonk, Rhode Island. Knowing the tenacity with which a colony 
clings to a favourite resort, a couple of days in July, 1900, were taken for 
a flying trip to that place ; the writer believing that should conditions yet 
remain favourable, the desiderata might still be found. Not being down 
on ordinary maps, it was inferred Seekonk might be some rural hamlet, 
perchance having the good fortune to remain unchanged all these years. 
But this ancient township, so strongly associated with Puritan days and 
Roger William episodes, has now merged into asuburb of the progressive 
city of Providence, and our hopes sank as we sped in electric cars through 
its byways. But hold! On passing some shady nooks, do we see aright ? 
Yes, there is that brown, withered fern leaf—cnguesita is here sure 
enough. It cannot deceive us now, and soon there are plenty more in 
sight. At any rate, here is one of Mr. Grote’s friends, but then zaguesita 
has a rather ubiquitous food-plant, and may be expected anywhere, while 
speciosissima is an unknown quantity entirely. 

The following day the hunt is on in full vigour, but, search as we may, 
borers are scarce, in no way approaching the numbers of our home haunts, 


108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Besides the fern borer, marginidens and a stray cataphracta are all that 
appear, and, disconsolate, it is feared our trip has been taken in vain. 
The flora is but slightly different from that of Rye, and those plants 
favourable for boring which are new to us are so few as to be easily 
examined, but all give negative results. One of the number is such a 
nice, smooth-skinned, stocky perennial, that it seems it should be infested 
by something, if only acommon fe/a. So it is hardly a surprise when 
in another locality, that has apparently run to waste for years, this plant is 
found containing young Aydrecia at work in the stem. Not seeming 
familiar, though at such an early stage one cannot be very positive, a score 
or more are sought, and together with a supply of the food-plant are trans- 
ported to the home menagerie. In due season a series of the imago is 
at hand, and, strangely, it proves a species that will fitin nowhere. So, 
though missing sfeciosissima, an unexpected result is scored in another 
direction, and the Rhode Island venture is voted a success after all. The 
succeeding year another lot of the larvee are secured, that our earlier 
conclusions may be fully verified the second time, with a result to only 
strengthen the former impressions. 

Upon encountering new forms in a genus already well represented, 
and where these exhibit affinities closely connecting the representative 
species, the questions of varietal limitation at once become important. 
Perhaps the greatest help in such cases is a knowledge of larval develop- 
ments, the wider the better, or the experience gained in viewing large 
series of the imagoes as they emerge into the perfect state. So it will 
happen in an extended study of Hydrecia that certain delineations of 
specific characters become more or less easy and offer lines by which we 
may reasonably expect to differentiate them. _ More especially may this 
hold when recognizable differences occur in the early stages as well, so 
that it appears just how much one known valid species is separated from 
its ally. With the importance now properly given to larval structure, and 
especially that of tubercle arrangement as an aid in classification, the 
theories arising as to the development, use and significance of these char- 
acters are of more than passing interest. Furthermore, when considering 
them as a means of graduating genera to our conceptions of what may be 
“higher” or ‘‘lower” in point of specialization or descent, positive notes 
as to the acquisition of these characters carry importance. Thus, when 
meeting a //ydrecia larva which nicely illustrated a point in this line, 
there was naturally a desire to draw attention to it. Yet, try as we may, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 





there seems no proper place to assign the species, and after careful con- 
sideration, aided from several sources in forming a more correct conception 
of the earlier described types in the British Museum, it appears incum- 
bent to advance a new name. This is our apology for entering the 
domain of the describer, as our idea in this matter had been that such 
offices are only properly filled by the specialists in their respective 
branches. 


Hydrecia baptisie, sp. nov. 

Imago expands 35 to 38 mm.; the general characters and habitus 
fully typical to the marginidens section of the genus. Antenne simple, 
both sexes, with a white scale at the base. The thoracic vestiture is ample, 
shaded with tints of primaries ; the collar has a yellowish edging above, 
and is centrally prolonged into an adze-shaped tuft. The abdomen is 
also tufted with a series of small crests, which diminish posteriorly, and 
are lost on the fourth segment. The primaries show a trifle narrower in 
their proportions than some of the allies, with a tendency to acuteness at 
the apex. Colours are an admixture of red-brown overlaying a yellow 
ground, the outer portion affected but slightly by the usual purple shading. 
At extreme base a white scale; basal half-line irregular, “3” shaped, 
encloses an area well defined, and, in all cases noted, yellow. T. a. line 
indistinct except at inner margin, where it shows plainly geminate. It 
forms the outer boundary to a portion that is tinted with the purple shade 
of the outer spaces. ‘TT. p. line of the usual irregular course, bending out- 
ward past the reniform with a fairly true ogee curve ; is geminate, having 
the inner line red-brown, the outer purplish. The median field thus 
enclosed is red-brown, the lower portion showing the yellow undercolour- 
ing more conspicuously. Median shade lines faintly discernible, a wavy 
shade from the lower part of reniform to inner margin. S. t. line very 
erratic, incurved between the veins ; the subterminal area is an unbroken 
band from costa to inner margin, fairly parallel. Its colour is the same 
throughout, a reddish-purple. (Purple being the effect of mixing red and 
blue, the resultant tint may tend to one or the other of the primary 
colours in proportion to which predominates in the mixture. Hence, 
reddish-purple implies largely of red and little of blue. It is important to 
designate accurately the tone of the subterminal area, as it takes on a 
varying shade of purple in most of the species. With purpurifascia it 
shows very nearly a royal purple, while in cataphracta it becomes at 
times almost a simple blue.) The terminal space reverts to the tone of 


110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








the median field ; a patch or shade near the apex is distinctly yellow. 
The ordinary spots are very white and contrasting, not unusually large, 
however ; the reniform is broken centrally by the conventional lunulate 
line, and where the outer portions are divided by the veins the upper 
section 1s, in some instances, stained with yellow. The secondaries are 
pale yellowish, inclined to silkiness, the discal marking evident from 
above ; veins and fringes a trifle darker, the latter beautifully silky when 
fresh. A wide, indistinct cloud along the outer margin. Beneath 
glistening, yellowish, clouded with rosy scales. The male genitalic char- 
acters show no departure from the usual type. Date of flight, Aug. 28 to 
Sept. ro, Types are in the British Museum, the National Museum at 
Washington (No. 6149), and in the collection of the author. 

It is presumed the larve hibernate in their first stage. In the 
middle of June an entrance is made in the food-plant, Baptista tinctoria, 
and the rest of its existence is passed concealed within its burrow. This 
plant, being indigenous, may well be considered the preferred or original 
one. The entrance is made well up in the stem, or sometimes in a 
branch, and the gallery continued downward. The lower stem and root 
are so very tough that progress here is slow, and the burrow rarely gets 
far below ground. Plants do not show the effect of this mining to any 
marked degree, so that in searching out the specimens one has to rely on 
those little tricks gained alone by experience, and amounting to a certain 
phase of woodcraft, if gratifying results are to be secured. 

The pupa is sometimes formed in the burrow, though the more 
robust and active examples which mature earliest invariably leave the 
plant and change in the neighbouring soil. The young larva in the third 
stage from maturity bears out fully the conventional appearance of the 
group to which it belongs. The first four abdominal segments show as a 
dark purple-brown band or girdle, while the others are longitudinally 
striped with the usual whitish lines. A very faint trace of the dorsal 
extends over these four joints, which is a feature to be noted when making 
comparisons. In the succeeding stage the length becomes 28 mm., the 
proportions still very slender and cylindrical. Head normal, of a shining 
honey yellow in hue, and shows a dark line at the side which takes in the 
ocelli. Plates and tubercles are all strongly defined ; special mention 
may be made of the anal leg-plates as being largest on this pair. 

On the seventh abdominal segment tubercle IV., bearing a well- 
developed seta, is low down below the live of the spiracles, as is custom- 
ary with Noctuid larve. On the preceding joints it is a little above the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ttt 





spiracles, also a normal position. But at this point of larval existence a 
rather striking point of so-called specialization occurs, and this happens 
with a few other species also, which, though a trifling matter apparently, 
serves to differentiate it at once and forever from its near ally, margzni- 
dens, At the close of the stage a faint trace of a corneous plate appears 
on joint seven, in the exact position where IV. is on the preceding ones. 

With the cast of skin that brings the larve into the penultimate 
stage, it is found there is a large, well-developed tubercle here on 
abdominal joint seven in the same position and of similar outline to IV. 
on the preceding joints. It has not been that IV. has been raised to its 
corresponding position on the others, for it is still occupying its previous 
normal position lower down, and we have to do clearly with an acquired 
character, which we may designate as IVa. The larva attains to a length 
of about 34 mm. in this stage. 

Mature larva: The colour now becomes a soiled translucence, 
without traces of the usual lines. While the head and shield have 
increased, the plates situated at the true tubercles or elsewhere do not 
show a corresponding enlargement. The plate IVa is as large as the 
true IV., though both are of slightly less size than IV. on the preceding 
joints. This feature has been constant in a large series of examples, and 
is the principal feature of a structural nature by which it may be differen- 
tiated from its ally. There exists a very perceptible difference in size, 
colour and general appearance in their immature stages, obvious enough 
to one familiar with these borers, but it seems sufficient to separate our 
species in this matter of the acquired plate alone, as by it we can 
distinguish the larvee of such dissimilar species as ¢zgucesita and necopina, 
nitela and limpida. Considering the development of this additional plate 
IVa as pointing to a higher specialization, and that those species possess- 
ing it represent a more recent evolution from the earlier type, permits us 
to look with some degree of assurance for this older form in such widely 
diffused species as zmanis of our fauna, and mécacea of Europe, whose 
common parentage seems unquestioned, and whose larvee, at least the 
latter, have the normal Noctuid arrangement on the seventh abdominal 
segment. Continuing in this line, we might expect in the ornamentation 
of the imago the more rigid, straighter transverse posterior line as a 
primitive marking and a tendency with our later, specialized species as 
having the orbicular, claviform and reniform white-marked and contrast- 
ing—a feature not common to the Noctuids as a whole, Stress has been 


2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





laid on these features not only to point out their scope specifically, but to 
show that the later developed species, constituting the numerous clusters of 
the rutila and marginidens groups, have not yet had time to establish 
themselves very fixedly, nor to acquire striking individualities, and that 
the slight disparities now existing are in the main not surprising. It is 
not hard to find parallels elsewhere— Datana may offer an example—and 
doubtless the knowledge of larval development in many Noctuid genera 
will bring other instances to the surface. Saftiste larve reach maturity 
the first week in August, becoming from 40 to 44 mm. in length, and 
change at once to shining brown pupe, which are typical with their allies 
and transparent enough that the white stigmatal spots of the primaries can 
be discerned through the shell directly before emergence. According to 
the tabular arrangement of the imagoes in the recent Revision, it would 
find a position in section twenty-four next to marginidens, Gn. Had the 
larva remained unknown there might have been some hesitation in 
separating it from the latter, as variation, especially in size, produces 
some forms that come rather close to dapftisie. Guenée’s type is a good- 
sized example, truly typical (this is more than can be said of the type of 
appassionata, which is a slightly deformed specimen), showing the dentate 
fringes which frequently become noticeable in the larger examples. Our 
species differs in the colour of the basal spots, the size of the reniform and 
tint of ground colour, though the discrepancies are in no case great. In 
another direction Jdaptiste simulates circumlucens, whose larva is 
unknown, but as a co-type rests in the writer’s collection, and the other 
types have been examined, a position of certainty is assumed here. 
Appassionata 1s too unique in ornamentation to be confused, and furcata, 
as yel a very rare species, can in no way be confounded with the Provi- 
dence species. ‘To rzti/a there will be reference later. 

Some examples of an undescribed Aydrecia from the Pacific coast 
have been referred to the writer for description in this article. It seems 
probable others may ultimately come to light from this source, since by 
the universal habit of keeping close we often miss meeting species in flight 
that become comparatively common when sought in their earlier stages. 
Hydrecia insulidens, Sp. Nov. 

The ornamentation is typical of the rvwfzZa series; ground colour, 
a light chrome yellow, presumably quite bright in newly-emerged speci- 
mens. The powdering of darker scales, common with others of the allied 
species, is not so marked in this case, though the veins, in being defined 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113 





by dull purple-brown scales, serve to tone down any striking colour 
effect. 

Expanse 32 to 37 mm. ; head and palpi of usual proportions, front 
smooth, antenne simple; the thorax is clothed heavily, the usual tufts 
prominent in good specimens. At extreme base of primarya yellowish or 
whitish scale, variable as is so often the case in its degree of contrast ; 
basal line ‘*3” shaped, and extends half way across, enclosing an area that 
may be whitish or more deeply stained with the tint of the ground colour. 
T. a. line not strongly marked, irregular in its course, best defined as it 
passes the claviform. The portion it bounds is decidedly purplish. The 
median field is strongly yellow, of a hue not copied by any eastern 
species here allied. Toward the costa purple shadings appear, developing 
into a noticeable shade or bar, which connects the orbicular and iower 
half of the reniform. The ordinary white spots are much stained with the 
yellow of ground colour, and are probably never a very pure white. They 
are of usual size and pattern, but not as a rule very contrasting. The 
median shade line shows more of a departure than any other marking. 
In lighter specimens it is best traceable ; beginning at the inner margin, 
it bends outward, then starts across the wing at nearly a right angle with 
costa. The point of difference lies in the angle being lower than usual, 
and at the same time less acute. T. p. line geminate, well defined, bend- 
ing outward opposite the reniform it produces a strong curve to the point 
of beginning on costal margin, which is directly above this spot. S. t. 
space entirely purplish, its line is irregular and inwardly dentate 
between the veins. The apical patch is yellow ; in lighter specimens the 
whole terminal space reverts to this colour. 

The secondaries are more smoky in hue, with a faint deepening of 
colour at the outer margin; veins traceable; fringes incline to purplish. 
It is easy to imagine a vague, rosy flush existing in examples when just 
emerged, making them a rather pretty species. Under side is glistening, 
somewhat rosy, and shows the usual blending of darker scales. 

The genitalic characters exhibit no strong individuality. Three 
examples, all from Vancouver Island, embracing both sexes, stand as 
types ; one in the Rutgers College collection, one with Mr. W. D. Kear- 
foot, a third with the writer. Other examples in indifferent condition 
have beer seen, usually seeking shelter under the rztc/a label. The 
species seems a western representative of the white-spotted series that run 
so close in the east, but locally has no near relative. Its position in the 


114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





synoptic table would be in section twenty-three. While the larva is 
unknown, it is safe to presume that the pupa is not formed in the burrow. 
There can be no confusion with Ochria sauzalite, which appears farther 
southward in California, for though the latter has the ordinary spots 
white, it is of a different build, and possesses a structural difference 
whereby generic standing is attained. 

Still another species allied to the foregoing may as well be here 
treated, since it will in no way lessen confusion in keeping the present 
status of this species as it now is. The rather wide scope of variation 
attributed to one of the, Guenée species has proved too extended, with two 
forms at least receiving recognition under the term vwfz/a. A suspicion 
of this was reached when better material came to hand, and the breeding 
of the larvz side by side has dispelled any questions whatever. While 
the present reference may be lacking in fullness of the entire subject, the 
incongruity of considering too fully distinct species under one name, now 
that their position is realized, can no longer be excused. When Guenée 
described an American species under the name rwfi/a, in 1852, so few 
others are known that he seeks the European Ochria flavago with which 
to compare. To one high in authority the following translation of his 
description is due, and since it might be unavailable to some who would 
care to give the matter attention, is here copied : 

““Expanse 35 mil. Fore wings entire, of the same yellow as favago, 
with the same bands and lines of the same colour. Reniform white, 
divided into several parts by the ground colour. Orbicular and clavi- 
form rounded, of a bright white, and between them a small white spot. 
Hind wings like favago, but with washings effaced, abdomen whitish ; 
base of antennz white. Illinois, coll. Boisd. and Doubleday. It is 
perhaps the species which Duponchel says is so near favago, in the 
supplement.” ‘The type, perhaps by this time not in the best of condi- 
tion, rests in the British Museum... While there may be little to be 
gathered from ‘this description on account of the number of American 
forms so closely related, yet its repeated comparisons with the European 
fiavago are of assistance. ‘That the local species we would differentiate 
from vutila has little to closely connect it with the exotic favugo is 
certain, and Guenée’s type, as might be expected, is a much lighter insect. 
Occasion is now taken to expressly record the fact that our species, 
furthermore, is absolutely distinct from that figured by Mr.: Moffat as 
rutila, CAN. ENT., Vol. XXXIII., pl. 2.* This latter occurs commonly to 





*This plate was kindly furnished by Mr, Dwight Brainerd, of Montreal. \p. C. E. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. DLS 











the Montreal collectors, who are also familiar with its larva. To them 
belongs the pleasure of a fuller treatment of the species, its life-history 
and habit. So it is the intention to proceed only with the species com- 
mon to the Atlantic seaboard in this latitude, and of which notes on its 
early history were given by the writer, Can. Ent., XXXII., 276. 


fydrecia duovata, sp. nov. 

Expanse 34 to 38 mm. Antenne simple, head smooth in front. 
Wings rather narrow ; primaries acute; ground colour dull yellowish or 
tawny, powdered with dark rusty scales ; when fresh a sheen as of dull 
brass is noticeable in those portions not affected by the dull purple shad- 
ings. The ornamentation and markings similar to the species previously 
described. Basal spots of the ground colour. T. A. line irregular, 
angulated or saw-toothed till it passes the claviform, when it is strongly 
outcurved. Inside this line a dull purple area, which is not highly con- 
trasting. T. p. line geminate with the customary outward curve over the 
cell. Median field is dull yellow, and evinces most notably the darker 
powderings. ‘The shade line is confused until making the angle, from 
which point it pursues a straight, oblique course to the inner margin. S. 
t. space evenly defined in dull purple, and the terminal space, except for 
the yellow apical dash, is scarcely of a lighter shade. The fringes are 
the same shade of purple. The ordinary spots are white, the reniform 
rather small, and stained with yellow in its upper outward portion. 
The orbicular has usually a dark scale at the centre, and is disconnected 
by the merest thread from the claviform, which is made up of two ovai 
parts. 

Secondaries are dark for this section of the genus. It is the tone 
here and of the body vestiture which appeals strongly in separating the 
species. In any species the depth of powderings on the primaries often 
produces a phase of variation, but the tone of the under wings and 
abdomen do not alter. One appreciates this with the extended series to 
be had by breeding, and its force becomes influencing.. The male 
genitalia are typical. Imagoes fly in September, never appearing until 
nitela has been in evidence for some time. Types are in National 
Museum and collection of writer. This occasion is taken to request 
correspondents to change all rutz/a labels sent out from Rye to duovata, 
as this species alone has been dispensed under the Guenée label. 

To Mr. Wm. Schaus we are indebted for a comparison of the species 
with the type of rw¢iva in the British Museum. A good series in this, 


116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





as well as a number of allied species, were sent to him, so that a full 
appreciation of their exact relationship could be obtained, and his con- 
clusions under the circumstances may be considered authoritative. In the 
unsolicited opinion that duwovata differed from the type, the departures 
are skillfully noted, and his comparisons and verifications of the other 
species whose types were before him in the Museum collection, leave no 
room to say the matter was treated without weight or with carelessness. 
Should subsequent developments cause adverse opinions to arise, how- 
ever, we would beg for the retention of our name in a varietal sense as 
designating this narrow-winged form peculiar to the salt-water Golden-rod, 
and whose early history had only been wrought out after years of diligent 
searching. Its larva is so easily recognizable—indeed this and cataphracta 
form a section by themselves on larval characters—that it seems improper 
to have its individuality subject to any confusion. On being confronted 
by the evidence which may be procured throughout the various stages by 
breeding these insects, it is believed any who may feel alarm at this 
increase of our list, or fear the subject has fallen into the hands of an 
extremist, will find relief upon making individual studies in the genus. 
The plate accompanying this article is an innovation perhaps, in that it 
may be the first time Noctuids have been depicted by this process. 
While there is much yet to be desired in controlling the colour scheme, 
and the purple iridescence of the subterminal space has been lost 
entirely, the individuality of each specimen is beyond cavil, and we do 
not need to make an allowance for high colouring, since the pictures in 
no way flatter the insects. 

fH. baptisie, Bird, shows in the two figures the ordinary sexual 
disparity. “7. /impida, Gn., has not been previously figured, and is 
sufficiently typical. HZ. cerussata, Grt., also typical, is compared with its 
close ally that the differences may be noted. A cataphracta, Grt., was 
introduced for comparative value. A. zmpecuniosa, Gtt., is at times con- 
fused with the former when in imperfect condition, and is shown for the 
first time. The specimen is larger than ordinary. A. duovata, Bird, 
gives a fair idea of the species, and, as variation is not great, should be a 
means for easy determinations. A. necopina, Grt., had not been figured 
before, and at this time may be of interest. A. inguesita, G. & R., is 
rather an undersized specimen, but is typical in that the spots are con- 
colorous. The angulated shade line, a distinctive feature, may be noted 
in the likeness, which is the first to have been caught of this species. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Tih 





insudidens, Bird, the only example not bred, shows the insect in a good 
light, and should be an aid to western collectors. 

A few remarks further argumentative to the results of these studies 
may be pertinent. The extent to which variation proceeds with this 
genus has long been a subject receiving attention. That affecting the 
imago is such as to cause little uneasiness, even though extended in a very 
few cases. When it is a question of size or wing outline we can explain 
this in a partly mechanical sense. When their larve have lived in an 
especially rank or vigorous plant an excessive subsequent development 
may be expected, while those larve that leave their burrows from one 
cause or another and suffer from a lack of food until locating in some 
substitute, produce the undersized or dwarfed specimens so frequently 
met with. Thus the rank growth of Ambrosia trifida, on the Jersey 
meadows, yields a giant race of mzfe/a, whereas the dwarfs so often seen 
among marginidens and cerussata are the result of the larve leaving their 
original abode and taking up with some substitute like Burdock. The 
wing outline is influenced by the quarters occupied by the pupa; when 
this is formed in a gallery having insufficient room for a normal develop- 
ment, the resultant imago has the primaries narrower and more acute at 
the apex in proportion to this previous condition. J/mpecuniosa and 
duovata best illustrate this feature. The colours of the imago here as else- 
where are subject to their peculiar vagaries, but it is not found that they 
are in any way exceptional. Just what produces colour is not definitely 
known, of course, but it pertains no doubt to a chemical rather than any 
mechanical process. So the slight disparities at times noted in the same 
species, as arising from differences in the food-plant, might be explained 
on this ground, though it does not meet the question properly. Further 
than citing that colour is most susceptible to change in the depth of 
powderings, in the hue or even suppression of the ordinary white spots, it 
may be needless to proceed. We may apply the general biological law to 
the effect that commoner and more widely distributed species are apt to 
show a greater variation, and not meet with any incongruities. The 
common zife/a best shows the departures ever taken in the colour scheme, 
but they are positively not due to locality, food-plant, sex, or even the 
varying conditions that might assail different broods, and the form to 
which the varietal name applies is merely the extreme in the opposite 
direction. But varietal studies have not been confined to the imago 


118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





alone, the larva also having received close scrutiny. Two cases of varia- 
tion, alone worthy the name, are all that have been noted. One a colour 
change due to a certain food-plant; the other, extreme, with a correspond- 
ing departure in the moth that makes it easy to fancy, points out the way 
new species are formed. This departure occurs with purpurifascia, and 
is primarily the result of food-plant and the accompanying conditions. 
So many captures of this species had come to light from sections where 
Columbine did not grow, it was evident there must occasionally be some 
other food-plant. So it was not surprising when the discovery was made, 
even in this locality, that in Loosestrife, Zysémachia guadrifolia, another 
popular food prevailed. Indeed, in all places thus far examined by far 
the greater number will be found at work in the latter plant. Yet, 
strangely, one would hardly associate the robust Columbine feeders with 
the attenuated examples in Loosestrife, for these at maturity are scarcely 
half the diameter of the former, though in length they rather exceed them. 
Their peculiar proportions are due to the very small size of the Loose- 
strife stems and roots, and the Harris term ‘“ spindle worms” as applied 
to these borers seems now most fitting. The tubercles do not attain the 
size, or the colours the depth, of the Columbine feeders, yet there is no 
difference in the position of the former. The resultant moth exhibits a 
constant disparity, the purple fascia, which is really the outer portion of 
the t. p. line, is narrowed and much less striking; the general tone is 
subdued, and with a marked difference of wing outline, produces a form 
that is at all times unmistakable. Still, it may be wise to differentiate 
them by no other terms than that of their respective food-plants. 
Doubtless many of the varietal names of our lists would never have been 
created had the reason for such occurrences been better understood, or 
the significance of the departures fully noted. 

It may be fitting to conclude with a quotation from an authority who 
is summarizing on an extended research in the whole biological field : 
‘« False facts are highly injurious to the progress of science, for they often 
endure long ; but false views, if supported by some evidence, do little 
harm, for everyone takes a salutary delight in proving their falseness, and 
when this is done one path toward error is closed, and the road to truth 
is often at the same time opened.” Let us hope in the present case what 
are advanced as facts may prove such beyond peradventure ; while from 
the views, thanks to the authority, but slight trouble can ensue in any 
event. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 





ECOLOGICAL LABELS. 


I have been greatly interested in reading the suggestive article by 
Mr. Lutz, in your last (April) number, on labels. It voices a need, which 
every student of ecology will have felt, for more information than 
accompanies the specimens in the usual collection. No one can collect 
insects carefully without making observations that are new to science, and 
it is unfortunate that such observations are generally left unrecorded. Mr. 
Lutz proposes a plan that would make the observations of the amateur 
collector available for comparison, and that would wonderfully enhance 
the value of his cabinet. It is, in short, proposed that the collection shall 
be its own expositor, that pin labels on the specimens shall tell at a 
glance what usually, if recorded at all, has to be hunted through 
the leaves of an accompanying catalogue. Nature’s label is, of course, 
already on every specimen, but we are not yet skillful enough at reading 
the imprint of environment as written in bodily form and structure, and 
need to be told in our own language. 

But instead of using our common language, Mr. Lutz proposes a 
system of signs and symbols—blue, green and red lines on labels to 
indicate hydro-, meso- and xerozoic animals respectively, and bits of 
coloured paper of various shapes to indicate a few special habitats—and 
therein, I fear, lies the weakness of his plan. It is arbitrary. His 
collection without his key would possess no notes at all. I have 
used coloured papers, but have never happened to hit upon the same 
meaning for them that he suggests, and I have long since forgotten what 
some colours once stood for. I frequently see wholly enigmatical bits of 
coloured paper on the pins of specimens in the collections of other people. 
Under existing circumstances it would be difficult to bring about that 
uniformity so absolutely essential even in the use of the few signs 
suggested. ' 

But a far more serious defect of the plan is that it does not go far 
enough. ‘The few types of habitat provided for are entirely insufficient for 
ecological purposes. The collector of aquatic insects would have to 
begin at once inventing additional signs to indicate anything further than 
that his insects cate out of the water, and the collector of gall insects 
would find in the system no provision for the important facts he would 
wish to record. No system of arbitrary signs could conveniently meet the 
needs of all entomologists, even if it could be trusted not to lead to dire 
confusion. 


120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Still, I have faith in the general idea Mr. Lutz sets forth. I believe 
the pins or vials can be made to carry far more ecological information than 
notebooks usually do carry, and that the usefulness of collections would 
be greatly enhanced thereby. I have been experimenting with the loading 
of the pins, and I have come to the conclusion that the English tongue is 
our safest means of communicating observations, and that printed labels 
are both feasible and economical. Printers’ ink is black and permanent, 
in air or in alcohol.* 

What sort of printed labels are now commonly used? ‘There is but 
one that has become at all universal, and that is the locality and date 
label. A collector’s name label is not uncommon, nor is a sex sign label. 
Then there is the red label with ‘‘type” printed across the end, well 
established in some of the more important collections, and I would 
suggest, if entomologists may act in concert, the restriction of this colour 
to typical material in the broader sense ; the above-mentioned label for 
types of species, and a red label with the author’s name for all material 
that has served as the basis of his papers. Some Lepidopterists are using 
“at light” and “at sugar” labels, and I have found almost indispensable 
“bred” and ‘taken in transformation” labels. These are all separately 
useful, and if one be getting printed labels at all, he can get them all, and 
more, almost as easily as he can get one of them alone, for labels are 
printed a dozen or more at an impression, and a dozen different forms can 
be set up as readily as a dozen of one form. Neither does one find his 
pins becoming encumbered by labels, for rarely are more than two 
necessary. 

What sort of ecological labels may advantageously be added to the 
foregoing? Probably a different sort in every ecological group. But if 
they be printed in plain English, it will matter little how many different 
sorts or whether collectors in the same group use the same sort. So, 
I will offer a suggestion relative to recording ecological data for aquatic 
insects, a label that will tell fairly the sort of aquatic home from which the 
insect comes, consisting of twelve words descriptive of features of habitat, 
printed in four columns of three words each in pearl type: 


bottom level mud reedy 
side sloping sand trashy 
surface steep rock bare 





*I am keeping an ever-increasing proportion of my collection in alcohol. It is the 
bane of American Neuropterology that systematists have kept, or have tried to keep, 
their specimens all on pins. There is one thing much worse than a specimen without a 
label, and that is a label without a specimen, especially if the specimen were a type. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lak 





The nature of the habitat is to be indicated by the underscoring of 
the proper words. By combination of underscores a very satisfactory 
statement of aquatic conditions can be made. 

However, if the locality label were a general one, as ‘Lake Forest, 
Ill.,” I would suggest also a more general aquatic habitat label to go on 
the pin, above the one just illustrated, to be marked by underscoring in 
the same way : 

lake marsh river rapids 


pond bog creek eddy 
pool swale brook spring 


In a locality for which a standard detailed map is available, the great 
exactness in locality records that is required in local ecological work may 
be attained by indexing the map in the usual way—with letters on one 
side and numbers on the other, and then adding to the usual general 
locality label the letter and number from the map, to indicate the exact 
spot from which the specimen was obtained. But, after all, from the 
ecological standpoint, the fixing of the exact locality is of much less 
importance than the exact indication of the sort of habitat in which the 
specimen is found. James G, NEEDHAM, Lake Forest, III. 


MORE CONCERNING LABELS. 

It was with interest that I read the article by Mr. Frank E. Lutz in 
the April number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST entitled ‘ Labels.” 

It is not so very many years ago (perhaps thirty) that we were satis- 
fied if specimens sent to us only bore a State label, the State label as 
first used being nothing more or less than a coloured disk, a different 
colour for each State. A few years more, and we had the abbreviated 
State labele— N. J. for New Jersey, Can. for Canada, etc. Not long 
after, we asked our friends to mark the label in such a manner that we 
might know from what part of the State the insect came. ‘Then it was 
that the collector with pen and ink would mark the label in one of the 
corners, or perhaps make a mark in the centre, thus designating as to 
what part of the State the insect had come from. This was not a bad 
plan, and to-day many such labeled specimens can be seen in the “ Horn 
Collection,” as well as other collections in New York and Philadelphia. 
However, we were not yet satisfied, so some fifteen years ago our Wash- 
ington friends started to have local labels printed with a blank space in 
which to write the date of capture. A few years more and the collector’s 
name was called for, and this, by many, was also added. Now we have 
the “Lutz Label” presented to us as a further advancement in the 


122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








labeling of our specimens. The question is, however, if it is necessary or 
of much practical use to label specimens in this manner, as students of 
entomology who have had any experience in collecting generally know 
whether a certain species of insect or group of insects is found in a wet 
or a dry place. He knows but little who would look for Cicindelidz or 
the larvee of any of our Rhopalocera in a mill-pond, or for Dytiscide or 
the larve of any of our Odonata in a dry pine woods. However, no one 
will find fault with the specimens from Mr. Lutz bearing the ‘“ Lutz 
Label,” providing the specimens are in good condition and are accom- 
panied with exact locality and date of capture, and if collector’s name is 
given it will do no harm. All collectors of natural-history specimens 
have a reputation, some better than others —the Ornithologist and the 
Oologist found this out long ago. There are, no doubt, many insects 
that it would be wise to mark in the manner Mr. Lutz speaks of, but to 
label all our captures in this way would be a waste of precious time. 
PHILIP LAURENT, 
Philadelphia, Penn. 





FENARIA SEVORSA AND EUSEMIA SABULOSA. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 

I was in error in referring these species as synonyms in 1894. The 
latter now stands as Zwerta sabulosa, Boisd., in Hampson’s Cat. Lep. 
Phal., and is credited to New Mexico and California, besides other more 
southern localities. Very possibly the species may occur within the 
limits of the United States, but I have no specimens from our territory, 
all being from Mexico. Fenaria sevorsa, Grote, is, however, not the same 
insect, and the name must be restored from the synonymy. J has been 
subsequently described and well figured in the Biologia Centrali-Americana 
as Diamuna aedessa, Druce. This position, in the Noctuide, is undoubt- 
ediy correct, as the antenne are shortly pectinated, without any trace of 
enlargement. The genus Diamuna is an Agaristid, and Druce’s species is 
therefore improperly referred to it. The genus Fenaria, Grote, must be 
substituted for Diamuna, Druce (nec Walker). Dr. Barnes has taken the 
species in the Huachuca Mts., and Mr. Hubbard in the Chiricahua Mts., 
Arizona. Dr. Barnes has also from Arizona Diamuna longipes, Druce, so 
that the genus is thus represented in our fauna : 

Genus Fenaria, Grote. 
sevorsa, Grote. Aniz.;, Mex. 


aedessa, Druce. 
longipes, Druce. Ariz., Mex. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘ 1 


oo 





NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PERLID. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST END, VA. 


In going through the accessions to my collection, I have found 
several new species and new localities for some known forms. Most 
of these are included in this paper. 


ferla capitata, Pictet. 

P. capitata, Pict.: Hist. Nat. des Neuropt., p. 214, 1841. 

Pvivistis, Hagen: Syn. Neur,) N-Amer.; p..22, 1801. 

On comparing specimens of P. ¢rést?s with Pictet’s figure and 
description, I find that these species are identical, a fact which I had 
suspected before. 


Ferla fumosa, 0. sp. 

Head orange yellow, a large black spot covering the lateral ocelli 
and extending forward to the clypeus, a brown spot above each eye ; 
basal joint of antennz dark brown, rest pale yellowish brown; pronotum 
wholly dark brown; thorax yellow above, with brown spots on mesothorax; 
abdomen pale yellowish brown; venter yellowish, as is also the under 
side of the thorax ; legs dark brown, but little paler beneath ; setz yellow 
on base, brown beyond ; wings slightly fumose, veins brown. Pronotum 
very much narrower behind than in front, its sides straight, angles quite 
sharp. In the male there is a median brown spot on the last ventral 
segment. 

ene thoes 6 Layman... ¢ x2 eq minn. 

One pair taken together near Washington, D. C., 11th June, 1899. 
Readily separated from P. capitata by the yellow under side of thorax, 
etc. 
ferlinella sobria, Hagen. 

Perla sobria, Hag.; Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1875, p. 577- 

One specimen sent by Prof. Cockerell, collected at Las Vegas, New 
Mexico, June, 1901. It agrees very nicely with Hagen’s description, and 
can be easily recognized by the three pale spots in a row between the eyes. 


ferlinella frontalis, n. sp. 

Head with a large pale yellowish spot each side above the eye and 
reaching to the posterior margin, almost touching each other on the 
median line, which is black ; the posterior angles brown ; a large blackish 
spot in the middle of the head, pointed behind, in the middle covering 
the lateral ocelli, and tapering forward to the clypeus, a yellow spot 


124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











each side above base of antenna, and connected to the yellow behind. 
Pronotum blackish, a small pale spot in middle of each side margin ; 
rest of thorax dark brown; abdomen brown; venter pale brownish, 
with an elongate black spot on the side of each segment. Legs 
and sete pale yellowish brown. Wings hyaline, veins mostly dark 
brown, some apical ones and some of the transversals yellowish brown. 
Radial sector two-forked beyond the anastomosis. Pronotum but slightly 
rugulose, its sides much rounded, as are also the posterior angles. 

Length 13 mm. 

One specimen, Beulah, New Mexico, May 30 (W. Porter). 


fPerlinella signata, 0D. sp. 

Head pale yellowish ; a blackish spot covering ocelli and extending 
forward, leaving a yellow mark over base of each antenna ; within the dark 
mark are two median pale yellow spots, one between the ocelli, and another 
rather smaller in front of the median ocellus ; antennz brown ; under side 
of head yellow. Pronotum brown, the side margin and a broad stripe in 
the middle yellowish ; the ridges marked with black ; rest of thorax brown, 
with a median yellow spot on front margin. Abdomen brown; venter and 
pectus pale yellow, a brown spot each side in front of second and third 
coxe ; legs and sete pale yellow, the knees and tarsi more brown. 
Pronotum almost twice as broad as long, its sides nearly parallel and 
straight, angles almost acute. Wings hyaline, rather yellowish, veins 
brown, those of hind paler; radial sector twice-forked beyond the 
anastomosis. Ventral lamina entire, its apical margin evenly rounded. 

Length 14 mm. 

One female from Michigan, without further locality. 


Chloroperla 5-punctata, Nn. sp. 

Head pale yellow, the ocelli and lateral callosities black, the latter 
resembling ocelli ; antenne yellowish, upper side of basal joint brown. 
Pronotum pale yellow, with a ijarge quadrangular brown spot on each 
side, leaving a rather broad median pale stripe; rest of thorax and the 
abdomen pale yellowish, as are also the legs and sete ; wings hyaline, 
veins pale yellowish brown, the costal ones on basal half pale yellow. 
Wings rather long and slender, the radial sector twice-forked beyond the 
anastomosis; pronotum rectangular, angles rather sharp, sides straight 
and parallel, about one and three-fourths times as broad as long. 

Length 10 mm. 

One specimen from Las Vegas, N. Mexico, by the Gallinas River, 


bo 
Ou 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1 





June 9 (Cockerell) ; another specimen from Colorado, probably near Fort 
Collins. 
Nemoura venosa, Banks. 

I have taken this specimen at Washington, D. C.; the types came 
from Colden, N. Y. 


Nemoura Coloradensis, Banks. 

I have recently seen a specimen taken by Prof. Cockerell from top of 
range between Sapello and Pecos rivers, New Mexico, 11,000 ft., on 
August 2. 

Nemoura pallida, n. sp. 

Head, pronotum, thorax and legs pale reddish yellow ; ocelli and 
lateral callosities black ; tarsi brownish ; basal joint of antennz yellowish, . 
with brown above, rest of antenne brownish. Abdomen brown ; wings 
yellowish hyaline, veins yellow-brown. Pronotum about one and two- 
thirds times as broad as long, as broad behind as in front, its sides slightly 
convex. Wings long and slender; the cross-vein at end of discal cell, 
though very oblique, does not reach back to the fork of the median vein; a 
striking character. 

Length ro mm. 

One specimen from Little Beaver, Colorado, July 8. 





DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CARNEADES. 
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D. 
Carneades fusimacula, n. sp. 

Resembles redimicula in most points, but with the colours of 
divergens. The collar has the broad median black shade of redimicula ; 
but the primaries do not have the pale costa. Sub-costal and median 
veins gray. Ordinary spots outlined in gray, the orbicular oblong, 
oblique, open inferiorly and fused with the reniform, the outline being 
continuous. The spots are gray powdered and are preceded by black 
shadings in the cell. A blackish basal streak, to which is joined a long 
claviform extending half way across the median space: this is black- 
margined but concolorous. S. t. line not marked, apex grayish, terminal 
space else nearly concolorous. In other characters much like dvergens, 
with which, also, it agrees in size. 

Habitat.—California. 


126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The type is a unique male in the collection of the U. S. National 
Museum, exact locality not known. 

The original description for this species was written prior to 1891, 
but in some way it seems to have escaped publication. My attention was 
drawn to the matter in 1893, when the species was cited in the catalogue 
without a reference, but for some reason the omission was not then made 
good. To entitle the name to recognition in the forthcoming catalogue, 
it is hereby formally authenticated by description. 

The species should be easily recognizable by its intermediate position 


between redimicula and versipfellis, and by the fused ordinary spots. 


NOTES ON LYCAINA SCUDDERII, EDW.* 


BY HENRY H. LYMAN, M. A., MONTREAL. 


Writing of this species in his magnificent work on the Butterflies of 
New England, Dr. Scudder’said : 
5 


‘*This butterfly is double brooded throughout the whole of its range, the first 
generation making its advent during the last week in May, the females emerging the 
first week in June, when the males are common. The second brood varies 
considerably in the time of its apparition. Mr. Saunders reports that the first butter- 
flies appeared one year in London, August 2nd; while Mr. Lintner took the first at 
Albany on July 15th, another year found them beginning to fly by the 7th, and one 
year even found them ‘ very abundant’ on the 9th. *~ ~*~ ™* The eggs are doubtless 
generally laid in both July and August, but whether the mature larva or the chrysalis 
hibernates is unknown. * * The caterpillar has been taken in the field only by Mr. 
Saunders, who found it upon Lupinus perennts, Linn. ~* The European species, 
to which it is closely allied, are reported to feed upon Melilotus, Genista, Hedysarum, 
Trifolium, Onobrychis and Colutea. Our species feeds with the utmost freedom on 
Lupinus, * ~* but it must find other food in the high north. Edwards states that it 
also feeds on Ceanothus. * * * The history of this butterfly needs to be closely 
followed after August to determine in what condition the insect passes the winter. If 
in the egg state, * * where is the egg then laid?” 


OU ea OR 


The first time I had the pleasure of meeting with this butterfly in 
life, and only a field naturalist knows the pleasure of first seeing in life a 
species familiar in the dried state, was on 1oth July, 1898, during a day’s 


collecting at High Park, on the western outskirts of Toronto, where I 


*Read before the Montreal Branch, 11th Feb., 1902. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127 








found it abundant, and coquetting with the harebells. About 5 o’clock 
they were settling for the night on the fructifying stems of grass. 

On roth July, 1899, I again visited the same locality, and secured a pair 
in coitu, which I boxed and took home to Montreal, and on the 23rd put 
the female in a cage with MWelilotus Alba, Desv., Vicia Cracca, L., and 
Phryma Leptostachya, L., as Lupinus was not available. Before placing 
her in the cage, she was fed with sweetened water, as she had had 
nothing since her capture on the rgth, and she fed for three hours. She 
was fed again twice, but on 30th was found to be dead, and the cage was 
dismantled and a careful search made for eggs resulted in finding three on 
the Phryma, one laid on the upper side of a leaf near the edge, one just 
at the junction of a leaf-stalk with the main stalk, and the third on the 
same leaf-stalk about 14 inch from the other. 

Scudder described the eggs as being pale green, the tracery of raised 
network being frost-white upon.it, but in my notes they are described as 
white like porcelain. 

The winter was passed in the egg state, the box containing them 
being kept in a cool cellar. On 28th April I observed that one of the 
larve had chipped the egg, and was trying to get out, but it did not seem 
able to enlarge the hole sufficiently. About a week later it was still 
alive, and was seen moving, but did not succeed in getting out. One 
larva hatched all right, but the third egg showed no sign of life. I did 
not, however, succeed in getting the one larva to feed. 

On 15th May I paid another visit to High Park to look for larve, 
and succeeded in finding about ten, some of which I sent to Dr. Fletcher. 
They were in different stages, some nearly mature. Some were found on 
the Lupines, and a few in curled-up dead leaves of trees lying under the 
plants. The ants were running about the plants, which I knew indicated 
the probable presence of these larvee, though at first I found them difficult 
to find. 

These wild larvz had evidently hatched a good deal earlier than 
mine, but that is easily understood, as the locality where they were found 
is a bank sloping towards the south, the soil being very sandy, and re- 
ceiving the full effect of the sun’s rays, I was simply baked lying on the 
ground to search for the larve, so that any snow that fell would melt early in 
the spring, and vegetation would start early, while our season in Montreal 
would be probably a week or ten days later. 


128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. - 








In my experience, the larve eat holes in the leaf, sometimes away 
from the edge, and sometimes at the edge, though I occasionally noticed 
a leaf where the parenchyma had been eaten out and the membrane left, 
as described by Scudder. 

As I had found one or two larve within curled-up dead leaves, I 
thought they might seek such a retreat for pupation, and so kept one in the 
breeding jar, and three out of the four that I carried to imago pupated inside 
the leaf provided, and the fourth on the lid of the jar. The first one pupated 
on 20th May, the second on 2tst, the third not noted, and the fourth on 
26th. On rst June the first two were dark coloured, and both emerged 
on 2nd June, the first in the morning and the second in the afternoon. 
The third emerged on 4th or 5th, and the fourth either in the evening of 
the 5th or morning of the 6th. The pupal period varied, therefore, be- 
tween 11 and 13 days. 

Now, in regard to food-plant, I am positive that even if the second 
brood ever feeds on Ceanothus (which I think most unlikely), the first 
brood cannot, for the simple reason that it does not leaf out early enough. 
There are several clusters of Ceanothus Americanus, L., the New Jersey 
Tea, the flowers of which, by the way, are very attractive to Theclas, 
growing within a couple of hundred yards of where I found the larvee of 
Scudderit on Lupine, but on 15th May, when these larve were nearly 
mature, the buds of the Ceanothus showed no signs of even swelling, so 
if this butterfly exists north of the region of Lupine, we must look for 
some other food-plant than Ceanothus. 

Postscript.—I wrote to Dr. Scudder about the question of food- 
plant, but he was unable to give me any information, and then wrote to 
Mr. Edwards, and received a reply as follows : 


‘* Coalburgh, W. Va., 17th Feby., 1902. 
“Dear Sir,— 
“TJ have no recollection as to the Ceanothus. * * * IthinkS. 


has made a mistake in referring to me. 
“Yours truly, 


“W. H. Edwards.” 
Since reading my paper, I have received a copy of the note on 
““Scudder’s Blue” by Mr. J. B. Williams, reprinted from ‘‘ The Ottawa 
Naturalist” of January, in which he records finding, on 7th Dec. last, two 
eggs on the withered leaf-stalk and seed-pod of Lupine. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129 








THE FORMATION OF GENERIC NAMES. 

An article in the April number of the CANaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST leads 
me to offer a few remarks on this subject. The custom of forming new 
generic names by attaching a prefix or suffix to the existing name of 
a related genus has grown to serious proportions in recent years. There 
are several reasons why it should be discountenanced. For one thing, 
it almost invariably makes the name too long to look or sound well. This 
is no trifling disadvantage, although some entomologists seem not to 
appreciate the fact. 

A second objection is that these names are usually lacking in euphony, 
as a result of the grafting process, having a tendency to break in two 
at the point of junction when they are spoken. 

A third is that the relation indicated by the name may not really 
exist when the group comes to be more fully studied, or when different 
characters are made the basis of classification ; or, an entomologist may 
simply make a mistake in assuming a relationship, which cannot be 
corrected after the generic name is once published. For instance, 
Eugnoriste is as far removed in relationship from Gnoriste as it could be 
and remain in the same family. 

Still another objection lies in the danger that the name used as a 
foundation may turn out in the course of time, by the application of we 
know not what rules of nomenclature, to be invalid, or to apply to some 
other group, thus leaving the later name either meaningless or misleading. 
In Mr. Ashmead’s article, which called forth my observations, this is a 
glaring objection to his procedure, as he states in the article that the genus 
Pompilus is preoccupied. Hence, his new names will in future suggest a 
relationship to the Mollusca or Pisces, rather than the Hymenoptera ! 

Such combinations as I object to would be all but impossible in the 
present generation, as they have been in the past, had we but the same 
esthetic perception of euphony, and the same classical training, as the 
fathers of entomology. I might add to this, had we the same sense of 
responsibility when we establish a new genus. 

I am aware that occasional instances on the best authority can be 
found that are open to one or another of my objections. I am also aware 
' that I once made a genus that I called Gnamptopsilopus, which is open 
to all my objections but the third; but I have reformed since then. 

J. M. Atpricu, Moscow, Idaho. 


. 


130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





BOOK NOTICE. 


Jacosson, G. G., AND Biancut, V. L. Orthoptera and Pseudoneuroptera 
of the Russian Empire and adjacent countries. After Dr. K. Tuimpel’s 
“Die Geradfliigler Mittel-Europas,” Part I., pp. 1-80, tab. IL-V. St. 
Petersburg, 1902. Ed. by A. Devrient, 4to. (in Russian). Price, 
complete work, about $7. 


The authors of this work have for their object to collect all possible 
information concerning the fauna of the superorders of Orthoptera and 
Pseudoneuroptera in the above-named geographical limits, and to give the 
keys for identification of all species inhabiting this extensive area, 
comprising almost all Europe (except south-west) and the north of Asia 
to the Himalayas and Central China. 

The first part of the work, just published, contains introduction, keys 
to the nine orders, an almost exhaustive bibliography of the subject (over 
921 Nos. concerning the Orthoptera genuina alone), and an account of the 
order Dermatoptera-—‘“ earwigs.” The latter is accompanied also with 
a bibliographical list (166 Nos.) and the keys to the genera and all the 
species inhabiting the above-mentioned countries. The account of the 
geographical distribution over the vast Asiatic portion of Russia is of great 
interest, being quite new and elucidating some important facts in this 
respect. The synonymy, very surprising in certain cases, is based on the 
strong laws of priority. 

Taking into consideration the great faunic affinity of both the North 
American and Eurasian continents, we must acknowledge this work, when 
continued and completed with the same skill and accuracy, will be very 
useful to every investigator of these insects in North America. The 
Russian language will not offer any great inconvenience to the serious 


student of these orders. NICHOLAS KUSNEZzOw, 
St. Petersburg. 





Mailed May 6th, 1902. 


The € anailian Entomologist 








VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, JUNE, 1902. No. 6 











CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 5.—Continued from Vol. XXXIV., p. 88.) 
SUBFAMILY IV.—Planicepine. 


This subfamily comes nearest to the Aforine, and a few of the males 
are easily confused with and mistaken for some males in the latter group. 

The head is, however, lenticular, very thin antero-posteriorly, the 
temples being very flat, while the antenne are always placed much closer 
to the mouth, oz or de/ow an imaginary line drawn from the base of the 
eyes. ‘These characters ought to enable the student to recognize readily 
a wasp falling in this group. 

Some males in the subfamily Aforvzn@ have a lenticular head, but in 
these the antenne are inserted adove this imaginary line, never on or 
below it. 

Two tribes may be recognized. 


Table of Tribes. 


Tepes LCEOUS cart wo slei she, ets Tak 
Winged. 
Front wines withecirce: cubital cells. tt.» aeimnrctee ss cmeee eee 


Front wings with ¢wo cubital cells. 
Clypeus short, not much produced; front legs in 9 greatly 
swollen, with tarsal joints 2-4 short, transverse or nearly, in 
@ MOMMA jacks oe hd Hae see 1 Planieepine 
2. Clypeus much produced, flat or at most only slightly convex, project- 
ing over the mandibles; front legs in 2 usually normal, more 
rarely much swollen....... ses aaeegis soe ere) LE, Momononin. 


132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





3. Clypeus flat, much produced anteriorly, covering the mandibles ; front 
femora: swollen. ::. 05) saya meen. Ltibe Il.; Homonotint (pars): 


Tribe I.—Planicepini. 
Nothing seems to be known positively of the habits of any species 
belonging to this group. 
I hope, therefore, that some of our students will endeavour during the 
present summer to ascertain the life-history of one or more of our species. 


Table of Genera. 
1. Second cubital cell longer than wide (or high). . 
Second cubital cell wider (or higher) than long..... 
2. Second cubital cell receiving doth recurrent nerv- 
RATES cree ool «Va. 1s or cys san era wo 20 ‘sires. laniceps, Latreille: 
‘(type Pehipilus planiceps, Latr.) 
Second cubital cell receiving only ove recurrent nervure—the first, the 
second joining the cubitus deyond the second transverse cubitus ; 
pronotum with the hind margin arcuately emarginate ; submedian 
cell in front wings longer than the median, in hind wings 
SHORECRO Se ciccies nie. ot pi aats sce 4 se ee erAnapOrus, ASDM., pe non: 
(Type Planiceps euferatis, Fox ) 
3. First and second cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nerv- 
WRG eee tote acc is ..-s ails wisinite sehen: LLOPLONeUrON wCG@hie 
(Type H. apagona, Kohl.) 


Tribe II.—Homonotini. 

In this tribe the front wings have ¢hree distinct cubital ceils, while the 
clypeus is flat or, at most, sub-convex, and produced anteriorly so as to 
cover the mandibles. 

A single wingless genus is known, Afpfteropompilus, Brauns, recently 
discovered in Africa. It has the structural characters of other genera 
placed here, except in being without wings. I have not had a specimen 
for examination, but structurally it seems to come very close to Pedinaspis, 
Kohl, and I suspect it may ultimately prove to be a wingless species 
belonging to that genus. 

Meracus, Tournier, judging alone from the description, is evidently 
synonymous with Pedinaspis, Kohl. 


Table of Genera. 
1 Wingedivaeci. RP a eFC pa 3 NSTI te ree 
Wingless, 


Oo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 








Mesonotum very long ; front femora rather long and swollen, the 
tibia stout ; claws with one tooth 

heneathteeeredeya os. 4.+.+...Apteropompilus, Brauns. 

(Type A. tosquineti, Brauns.) 

. Wings normal, when closed extending Dee. the tip of the abdo- 

men. fat We Ac 

Wings more or Tes anbrey eed ahien feloceai not bea eading beyond 

the tip of the abdomen, especially in the females, in ¢ usually of 

nonnaalslenp thi: =..ja/-%. 2/45 6 Ey cei de aap is Giemsa do) are ne 

. Mesosternum eiaareinats at the andl: secon and third cubital cells 


very unequal, the third much the larger; cubitus in hind wings 
originating deyond the transverse median nervure; claws with a 
togtimnear thevmiddle bemeabhies wa: vs... ikea nes. vents oe Seg 
Mesosternum not emarginate at the middle; second and third cubital 
cells large, nearly equal; claws with a strong tooth at middle 
Berea bayer rats tosis ois. oS srt AM sien. Memeo tls Seed AP he nae, 4. 


. Transverse median nervure in front wings interstitial with the basal 
nervure ; cubitus in hind wings variable, usually originating deyond 
the transverse median; clypeus separated at base by a delicate 
sutural line ; body not entirely black........Parapompilus, Smith. 

= Micropteryx, Lepel. 
(Type Pompilus brevipennis, Fabr.) 

Transverse median nervure in front wings of distinctly interstitial, the 
submedian cell a little longer than the median ; cubitus in hind wings 
originating deyond the transverse median nervure ; clypeus very flat, 
polished and not separated at base by a delicate sutural line ; body 
entirely black or blue-black.............Pedinaspis, Kohl (pars.). 


. Eyes bare ; hind tibiz of spinous, pubescent, and not or scarcely 
longer than the tibiz ; transverse median nervure in front wings 
interstitial with the basal nervure.............Epipompilus, Kohl. 

(Type Ferreola azteca, Cress.) 
= E. Maximiliani, Kohl. 

Eyes pubescent ; hind tibize unarmed; front femora rather stout, the 
tarsal joints 2-4 short, not longer than thick. (¢ unknown.) 
(Peru oa diel esate. s> oo eelocestetnus, ‘Ashm., g. nays 

(Type A. bifasciatus, Ashm., MS.) 

. Metathorax posteriorly obliquely truncate, impressed, the angles more 

WEMIES So ACULE nay fic nie cues bin canes = 0, ener etoNed ol) eal atals + «: ©. «Ac demeraRenenage 


134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISD. 





Metathorax flat, feebly rounded behind ; scape as long as the first joint 
of the flagellum ; clypeus rounded... ....Ceropalioides, Radoszk 
(Type C. Komarousii, Radoszk.) 


7. Scape cylindrical, neither subcompressed nor longer than the pedicel. 
and first joint of the flagellum united; clypeus flat, clothed with a 
silvery pubescence ; pronotum not longer than the mesonotum. ..8. 

Scape subcompressed, longer than the pedicel and first joint of the 
flagellum united; clypeus very flat, not separated at base by a 
delicate line ; pronotum distinctly longer than the mesonotum. 

Submedian cell in front wings a little longer than the median, the 
second and third cubita] cells subequal, the cubitus in the hind 

wings originating gi the transverse median 
MERVUTE:. 3%, > 3\s; SOeee ete oe . Pedinaspis, Kohl. 
“i¢epe Barris apereuleese: Kirby.) 


8. Metathorax a little longer than wide, semicircularly impressed or 
emarginate posteriorly, but zzthout a median impressed longitudinal 
line, the hind angles more or less acute ; second cubital cell usually 
a little longer than the third or subequal; first joint of flagellum in 
9 as long as the second, in ¢g shorter. ......Wesmaelinus, Costa. 

(Type Sphex sanguinolentus, Fabr.) 


Metathorax not longer than wide, impressed posteriorly, but also with a 
distinct median longitudinal impressed line; body clothed with a 
silvery pubescence ; second cubital cell smaller than the third ; first 
joint of flagellum in ¢ as long as the second. . Homonotus, Dahlbom. 

(Type H. fusciventris, Dahlb.) 


SUBFAMILY V.—Notocyphine. 


This subfamily is quite distinct from all others, and is easily 
recognized by the characters made use of in my table of subfamilies, the 
large free labrum being found in no other group except the Ceropaline - 
but from that group it is distinguished by the long pronotum, the curved, 
not straight, antenne, and by the non-emarginate eyes. The antennz are 
inserted some distance above the clypeus. 

The habits of the group are unknown. I suspect, however, that, like 
the Ceropaline, the species are either parasitic or inquilinous in the nests 
of other wasps, the Pepsine and the Aforine, for the structural characters 
of these wasps clearly show that they have different habits from those in the 
other subfamilies. s 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 





I have placed in this subfamily the very rare genus Chirodamus, 
Haliday, discovered by Charles Darwin, in South America, during his 
memorable voyage in the Beagle. 

It was unknown to Kohl, while Dr. von Dalla Torre, evidently 
without an examination of a specimen, has placed it, in his Catalogus 
Hymenopterorum, as a synonym of Pompilus, Fabr. 

Fortunately, I have recognized this rare genus among some material 
collected in 1888 by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer, Albatross, in 
South America, in the same locality, Strait of Magellan, in which 
Darwin took his single specimen 87 years ago. 

The U. S. Fish Commission took three perfect specimens, and this 
seems to be the first time it has been taken since the single specimen taken 
by Darwin. 

Table of Tribes. 


1. Wings extending to or beyond the tip of the abdomen, the cubitus in 
hind wings originating defore the transverse median nervure...... 2. 
Wings somewhat abbreviated, hardly extending to the tip of the 
abdomen, the cubitus in hind wings interstitial with the transverse 
median nervure. 
Eyes not extending to the base of the mandibles, a wide space 
between ; front femora abnormad/y swollen, with fascicles of 
hairs beneath, the tarsi short.......... Tribe I., Chirodamini. 


2. Eyes long, extending to the base of the mandibles or very nearly, 
at most with only a linear space between ; front femora normal, not 
much swollen, the tarsi long .... ...... .. Tribe II., Notocyphini. 


Tribe I.—Chirodamini. 


To this tribe belongs but a single genus—Cirodamus, Haliday. It 
may be recognized by the characters made use of in defining the tribe, but 
I add a few more : 

Labrum prominent, subconvex, semicircular, front tarsal joints 2-4 very 
short ; the hind tarsi very long, much longer than their tibia, man- 
dibles long, pointed, edentate ; scape of antennz stout, as long as 
the first joint of the flagellum ; prothorax rather long and wide ; 
metathorax short, truncate posteriorly ; claws with a median tooth 
beneath, ciliate ; maxillary palpi 6-, labial palpi 4- 

GUE M a helene <a tiene eis; ss es eee 2 eee DITOCAMUS waaay: 

(Type C. Kingil, Haliday.) 


136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Tribe II.—Notocyphini. 

Differs from the Chirodamini by the different shaped head, the long 
eyes, which extend to or nearly to the base of the mandibles, by the long 
tarsi, by the slenderer anterior femora, and by the different venation of the 
wings, 

In the insertion of the antenne the group comes nearest to the 
Aporine, to which it is unquestionably closely allied, but from that group 
it is at once separated by the prominent, free labrum and by the absence 
of a tarsal comb in the females. 

The group is evidently parasitic, and possibly some of the genera 
defined in the 4Aforine, without a tarsal comb, will ultimately be removed 
to this tribe. | 


Table of Genera. 

1. Third cubital cell very large, and along the cubitus very long, longer 
than the second ; labrum long, trapezoidal, much longer than wide ; 
Ghantenmace anOorinal . ema: va.s.se:. ae meee eee Notocyphus, Smith. 

(Type N. laevissimus, Smith.) 

Third cubital cell triangular, smaller than the second ; labrum semi- 
circular, wider than long; ¢ antenne 

crenulateas. ..'....ceeeneaiee. « Alloeyphonyx, Ashmead, g. nev, 

(Type Pompilus maurus, Cresson.) 


SUBFAMILY VI.—Ceropaline. 


The Russian hymenopterologist, Gen. O. Radoszkowsky, was the first 
to correctly define the group. He called it a family in 1888. 

In 1894, Mr. Wm. J. Fox, of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, 
probably from ideas derived from Radoszkowsky, treated it as a tribe. 

It is unquestionably a natural group, differing in habits and many 
salient characteristics from all of the groups here recognized. The 
emarginate eyes, free labrum, straight antennz, short pronotum, etc., as 
well as the characters of the male genitalia, as figured by Radoszkowsky, 
readily distinguish the group. 

The species are parasitic in the nests of other Ceropalids or 


Pompilids. Benjamin D. Walsh was the first to demonstrate the parasitic 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137 





habits of these wasps. In June, 1868; he bred Ceropales rufiventris, 
Walsh, from the mud cells of Agenia bombycina, Cresson. 


Table of Genera. 


1. Cubitus in hind wings originating Jdefore the transverse median 
TIODVUIG GMs Weteta eae es aia tise Reels @ «Nels ava INROD oe! = copa 
Cubitus in hind wings originating Jehind the transverse median 
ERUUE Cae ote ne tc een 1 GRU a es nk AN a 

2. Metathorax posteriorly rounded, not obliquely truncate; clypeus 
anteriorly subarcuate ; submedian cell in front wings shorter than 

the median; pronotum with the hind margin angularly emar- 
PIMATE oe: dikes a PS ease eae se ABEMIOXenUs:) AShimns,) 2 .0 ON 


(Type Ceropales rufiventris, Walsh.) 


3. Metathorax posteriorly obliquely truncate or depressed; clypeus 
anteriorly truncate; submedian cell in front wings never shorter 
than the median; pronotum with the hind margin arcuate or 
arcuately emarginate, not angularly emarginate. . Ceropales, Latreille. 


(Type C. maculatus, Latr.) 


ENTOMOLOGICAL RECORD. 


An interesting contribution by Dr. Fletcher, entitled ‘‘ Entomological 
Record, 1901,” has just appeared in the 32nd Annual Report of the 
Entomological Society of Ontario. This, besides giving a list of the 
active workers in Canada, includes careful notes on rarities, etc., taken 
during the year. It is the intention of the Society to continue this Record 
from year to year, and as this will undoubtedly prove useful to entomolo- 
gists throughout Canada, it is hoped that collectors in the Dominion will 
try to make it as complete as possible. Records of interesting specimens 
captured, either from the standpoint of distribution or rarity, will be 
acceptable,and should be sent to Dr. James Fletcher,Central Experimental 
Farm, Ottawa. Specimens unknown to collectors will gladly be 
identified. 


138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NEW DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA FROM BOLIVIA. 
BY A. G. WEEKS, JR., BOSTON, MASS. 
(Continued from Vol. NXXTI/I., page 524.) 


Pamphila barbara, sp. nov. 

Habitat: Bolivia. Expanse: 1 12 inches. 

Head, thorax and abdomen above, dark brown; below, gray. 
Antenne dark brown, with white annulations at base of each joint. Club 
brown, white near base. 

General colour of upper surface blackish: brown. Hind marginal 
fringe of ground colour. 

Upper side of fore wing has an indistinct white dot in apical area. 
Near centre of wing, under the end of discoidal space, are two prominent 
white dots, the upper being under median, the other being in next lower 
interspace, larger than the first and somewhat nearer base. 

Upper side of hind wing without markings. 

The hind marginal fringe of lower side of fore wing tends to grayish 
with a white thread. The ground colour is dead blackish brown, The 
costal area and apex are gray somewhat tinged with blue. ‘There are 
three subcostal white dots. The gray apical area is crossed by a series of 
dots of the ground colour, parallel to hind margin and one-sixteenth inch 
within it. The inner marginal areatends to grayish. The rest of the wing 
is of ground colour, the two prominent white spots of upper side being 
repeated. 

Under side of hind wing is gray, or, perhaps, dark brown, very 
heavily dusted with gray scales. Across the centre of the wing, running 
from centre of costa across to centre of hind margin and following contour 
of hind margin, is a series of six interspacial bluish marks of considerable 
prominence and bordered with a dark thread. The one bordering the 
end of discoidal space has a distinct black border at its basal side, giving 
the appearance of a black mark in centre of wing. The hind margin has 
a band of the same blue shade, one-sixteenth inch wide and edged on 
both sides by a blackish brown thread. Inner marginal area is gray and 
not encroached upon by dark markings. Hind marginal fringe gray, 
showing darker at ends of nervures. 

Described from one specimen taken five days’ travel north from 
Cochabamba, September 12, 1899. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 





NOTES | “ON’) THES {BARLY “STAGES “OF: -CORETHRA 
BRAKELEYI, Coa. 
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D. 

On June Ist, rg0r, while on a mosquito hunt with Mr. J. Turner 
Brakeley, at Lahaway, we investigated the little pools around the head of 
a swamp spring. ‘The water was very cold, and our object was, mainly, 
to ascertain whether Aedes larve occurred in such localities, where 
pitcher plants were in the vicinity. 

In the course of our dipping I found a very odd little wriggler, 
altogether different from anything I had ever seen before, and soon Mr. 
Brakeley found the same thing. We took only a few of them at that 
time, and from their minute size I assumed they must be very young. I 
afterward sent a specimen to Dr. Howard, and he appeared as much at 
sea concerning its location as I was. It seemed to be a Culicid larva, 
without much doubt ; but that was as far as we could get. The speci- 
mens were about an eighth of an inch in length, light reddish in colour, 
and very hairy in appearance. The head was very broad, and from it the. 
body tapered gradually to the short obtuse anal siphon. Mr. Brakeley 
christened them “bull-heads,” and I called them “triangles.” They 
were kept alive a short time only, and during that period proved very 
sluggish. 

July 27th, Mr. Brakeley was at Lahaway, and put in an hour dipping 
for mosquito larve in a lily pond at the foot of the garden. The pond 
is full of fish, but in the grassy shallows around the edge Culicids breed 
to a limited extent. Here he struck a little nest of the ‘ bull-heads,” 
and secured two dozen, which he carried to his town house in Borden- 
town, ‘The little creatures remained almost motionless for hours, some 
at the surface, some below it at various points. Some had the anal 
siphon at the surface and the head a little below, the position being inter- 
mediate between that assumed by Anopheles and that assumed by Cu/ex. 
Two of these little larvae pupated on July 28th and others on the 29th, 
3oth, and 31st. On August 1st I went to Bordentown and took charge of 
the culture, expecting to get out almost anything rather than a Culicid. 

The pupa was just as odd as the larva, and reminded me of a 
Lycenid chrysalis with a pair of breathing tubes. These pupz were 
at the surface, and seemed to have little power of motion. They were 
easily submerged and easily drowned. Though I was as careful as I 
could wel: be, the jarring between Bordentown and New Brunswick 
meant death to several of them. 


140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The first adult emerged August 2nd, a period of 4% days from the 
first pupation, and this proved to be very close to the average period. 

The insect was a male, very pretty, and utterly unknown to me; 
certainly not a long-billed mosquito. Mr. C. W. Johnson, to whom I 
submitted a specimen, made it Culicid on venation, but could not 
identify it with any described form. 

Later Mr. Coquillett pronounced it a new species of Corethra, and, 
at my request, named it Brake/eyi, the description appearing in a recent 
number of the Extomological News. 

August 13th, Mr. Brakeley sent me another lot of the larve, taken at 
the same place as the last lot, and stated that some very minute examples 
occurred, evidently babes. 

Other collections were made September 17th, October 14th and 
October zoth. The latter was made after a heavy frost (min. 21° on the 
bog close by), and in each case half-grown to full-grown examples were 
found. No pupe were found with the larve at any time, and no adults 
were collected. 

The life-history is very imperfect: the egg stage is not known, nor 
the duration of the larval stage. We know that the larva occurs very 
late in the fall and quite early in spring, and I am inclined to believe that 
hibernation is in the larval stage ; but I have no proof more positive than 
I have stated. ; 

The larva was submitted to Dr. Dyar, who separates it from all other 
Culicid larva because it has the antenne arising from the dorsal aspect 
of the head, close together, above the mouth. There is no mouth brush, 
the eyes are rounded, and the abdominal hairs are unequal. 

The pupa is brown in colour, and floats parallei to the surface, with 
the long slender air tubes slightly projecting. It is entirely different from — 
that of any other Culicid known to me. 

The adult has mouth-parts similar to those of some Simuliids that I 
have seen ; but -I have not yet studied them closely. 

The larva of this species is not in the least like the descriptions or 
figures of Corethra heretofore published, nor does it accord in any way 
with what Theobald says of the early stages of this genus. It agrees 
much better with J/ochlonyx, except for the unusual position of the 
antenne ; but in the pupal stage it is utterly and completely unlike any 
other Culicid known to me or described by Theobald. 

Based upon the early stages, Corethra Brakeleyi should form a 
distinct generic type. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. . 141 


NOTES ON SOME SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAN ORTHOPTERA. 
BY JAMES A. G. REHN, PHILADELPHIA. 


The following specimens were collected at San Diego, California, 
during the year rgor by Mr. G. W. Dunn, and are now in the collection 
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The terms used in 
the descriptions are those adopted by Comstock and Kellogg in their 
recent work, ‘‘ Elements of Insect Anatomy.” 


Family MANTID&. 
LITANEUTRIA OBSCURA, Scudder. 
One immature male, November 13, 1got. 


Family PHASMID&. 
SERMYLE ARBUSCULA,* n. sp. 

Type, 2; San Diego, California, May 7, 1901. 

This species does not seem to be very closely related to any of the 
previously-known species of the genus. From azteca, Saussure, it is 
differentiated by having the femora carinate and striate; from Saussuriz, 
Stal, by the non-ampliate sixth abdominal segment; and from s¢rzgata, 
Scudder, by the more robust limbs and the less strongly striate body. 
With Mexicana and /inearis, Saussure, no affinity exists. 

General form slender, the thoracic portion rather robust. Head 
rather elongate, bearing two centrai longitudinal rugz, which become 
obscure caudad, the whole surface of the head rather tuberculate, the 
tubercles being longitudinally disposed; eyes subspherical, slightly 
exserted ; antenne longer than cephalic femora, the proximal segment 
large and broad, with the distal section contracted, this segment over twice 
as large in bulk as the next. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum 
tuberculate, the tubercles resolving into longitudinal series, this being 
more apparent on the metanotum, the mesonotum and metanotum being 
centrally carinate ; pronotum rather narrow, not quite equalling the head 
in length; mesonotum long (with pronotum equalling the cephalic 
femora), the lateral margins slightly tuberculate; metanotum very 
considerably shorter than the mesonotum, comparatively robust, expand- 
ing in the caudal portion. Abdomen rather slender, multistrigate, none of 
the segments exhibiting any special ampliation ; ventral surface between 
the sixth and seventh segments exhibiting a pair of flattened longitudinal 
processes. Cephalic femora heavy, with the proximal diastema (found in 





*In relation to the twig-like appearance of the insect. 


142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








many representatives of this family) rather well marked, the remaining 
section of the segment being inflated and with three prominent angles ; 
tibiz as long as the femora, quadrate, slightly tapering ; first tarsal joint 
about as long as the succeeding ones. Intermediate femora short, 
triangular in section, equalling the metanotum (and median segment) in 
length ; tibia depressed, about equalling the femora in length ; first tarsal 
joint considerably less than the succeeding joints in length. Caudal 
femora short, reaching the middle of the third abdominal segment, 
roughly triangular in section ; tibiz rather longer, reaching to the apex of 
the first segment. General colour reddish brown, washed with ashy gray 
on the cephalic limbs. 


Measurements : 
iensth of bod yseke ec. «ss: io oe ee eeneee ers 54 mm. 
Length of pronotum. MPN Fo 55.25. s. SeiPrwR CONT 
Length of mesonotum. Sees trict Smee ps 
Length of metanotum Rate median ee pient). Sina 
Bengt Ol abAomeiey..« «+. s+ aoe. s,s. SOP Mee 
ienoth Of cephaltememora .. - oc. seers =e TA 
ength ob intermediate femora... s.r... 2 7 5e * 
Mength of caudal femora... sean ool ys 


Family ACRIDID&. 
ARPHIA RAMONA, N. sp. 


Types: g and 2; San Diego, California, April 4 (¢) and 30( 9), 
Tgol. 

Allied to A. Behrensi, Saussure, but much larger, with the pronotal 
carinze slightly arcuate and very slightly incised; the frontal costa 
is suddenly constricted superiorly and not tapering, while the posterior 
margin of the pronotum is rectangulate, with the angles more or less 
rounded instead of acute angulate. With wzefanna, Saussure, the species 
needs no comparison. 

¢. Size rather small. Head with the fastigium gently rounded, 
merging into the frontal costa with a slightly perceptible angle ; vertex 
decidedly longer than broad, rather deeply excavated, the lateral margins 
subacuminate cephalad; frontal costa decidedly constricted dorsad, 
rather broad ventrad, slightly expanded at the ocellus, the dorsad section 
bearing a central low ridge, broadly sulcate at and ventrad to the ocellus; 
eyes sub-elliptical, equal to the ventro-ocular portion of the gene ; 
antenne short, slightly expanded distad. Pronotum rugose, moderately 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 





expanded caudad; cephalic margin obtuse-angulate, caudal margin 
rectangulate ; median carina rather low, slightly arcuate, very slightly 
incised ; lateral lobes subquadrate, rugose on the metagonal portion, 
cephalic and caudal margins parallel, ventral margin obtusely trimmed 
cephalad. Tegmina rather long, considerably exceeding the hind femora, 
broadly rounded proximad. Posterior femora stout, with prominent dorsal 
and ventral keeis. 

General colour blackish-brown, the dorsal aspect of the tegmina with 
a longitudinal bar of brownish ochraceous; abdomen dull yellow ; posterior 
tibiee deep cobalt blue, with a lighter subproximal ring, spines black. 

@. Size large. Head with the vertex cordiform, the cephalic portion 
completely closed; frontal costa considerably constricted superiorly, 
subequal at and below the ocellus, supplementary intermediate ridge sub- 
obsolete; eyes elliptical, considerably shorter than the ventro-ocular 
portion of the gen ; antennze moderately long, slightly expanded distad. 
Pronotum essentially as in the male. Tegmina rather long, slightly 
exceeding the body, considerably exceeding the hind femora. Wings 
rather large, equal to the tegmina in length. 

General colour grayish brown, the tegmina sprinkled with spots 
of darker brown, giving a “‘salt-and-pepper ” appearance to the latter 
parts ; outer face of the posterior femora obscurely washed with hoary ; 
posterior tibiz ultramarine blue with a sub-proximal ring of dull pinkish, 
the spines black. Wings with the disc and the greater part of the 
cephalic margin reddish orange, the ulnar stigma and the periphery dull 
blackish brown, the distal portion of the humeral] field smoky hyaline. 


Measurements : cd. ©. 
Kensthrofibody.s5:.'s.0g-./< > ol tee 2255) Oe 3745 NM. 
Hength okpronotum. 052. 2th ee aaa 
Rengthcattesmina:. 2/2/55 224). 5.22. es Brana Wee 
Lengthyof hind) femora’... ...1377 Hoi 


The total number of specimens of this species examined was eleven— 
four males, seven females. 
ARPHIA HESPERIPHILA, N. sp. 

Types: fg and 9; San Diego, California, April 4 and October 30, 
Igol. 

Allied to 4. arcta and A. conspersa, Scudder, but distinguished from 
the former by the higher pronotal crest, by the more robust posterior 
femora, the shorter ulnar stigma, and the more definite wing arc; from 


144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








conspersa it is distinguished by the sub-rotundate vertex, the more 
uniformly-coloured pronotum, and the colour of the disc of the wings and 
of the hind femora. 

dg. Size very small (for this genus). Head rugulose; vertex 
elongate, rather deeply excavated, fastigium foveolate ; frontal costa 
constricted dorsad, gently expanded ventrad, shallowly sulcate in the 
vicinity of the ocellus ; eyes slightly prominent, elliptical, not equalling 
the ventro-ocular portion of the genz; antennz short, distal section 
gradually enlarged. Pronotum rugose on the prozona, punctate on the 
metazona, slightly constricted centrally ; cephalic margin finely obtuse- 
angulate, caudal margin rectangulate ; median carina moderately high, 
arcuate on the prozona, narrowly cut by the transverse sulcus ; lateral 
carina marked in the metazona, obscure and sinuous on the prozona ; 
lateral lobes deep, the ventral margin sinuate cephalad. Tegmina rather 
long, distal extremity truncate. Caudal femora heavy, genicular region 
only slightly enlarged. General colour wood brown, varied and 
sprinkled with black ; the distal portion of the tegmina black, which 
tint also suffuses the pleuree and genicular lobes and outer face of the 
caudal femora ; caudal tibiz ultramarine blue, the genicular portion black, 
the usual proximal ring greenish white. 

9. Size small. Head with the fastigium shallowly foveolate ; 
frontal costa expanded at the ocellus, shallowly sulcate in the portion 
cephalad to this point; eyes rather small, considerably smaller than the 
infra-ocular portion of the gene. Pronotum with cephalic margin of the 
lateral lobes subarcuate. 

General colour wood brown, the genicular portion of the caudal 
femora suffused with blackish, which tint also forms several indistinct 
transverse bars on the tegmina. Wings with the disc sulphur yellow; the 
arc pale blackish brown, not evanescent and not reaching completely 
around the caudal margin of the wing or to the anterior margin, stigma 
short, cephalic margin obscurely with blackish brown distad, proximal 
area (except the above-mentioned margin) hyaline. 


Measurements : Se Oe 
Teeneth:of body .sia.0. >. 2g a IM, 22. 5 mam 
Lengthiof pronotum./:.. . jane > eae iAre 4.9 98 
Benpthiof tegmitia.i5. | siamo, |e TQ: 505 
Length of hind femora......... oss) eS Ping 


Five specimens examined, two males, three females. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 





CHIMAROCEPHALA PACIFICA (Thomas). 


Three females ; March 23 and 24, and April ro, rgor. 


STICTHIPPUS CALIFORNICUS (Scudder). 

Two females ; June 14 and August 13, 1901. 

An examination of these two specimens shows that marmosatus, 
Scudder (Psyche, VI., p. 3:8), is probably only a variation of this form, 
one of the specimens having the anal vein free on one tegmen and 
entangled on the other, this character being used by Scudder as a 
differential one, while the maculations of the tegmina seem of no greater 
value. 

SPHARAGEMON VENUSTUM (Stal). 

Four males and three females; May 18, 20,25 and 28, and June 5, 1go1. 

These specimens have the hind tibie glaucous or dull lutescent instead 
of blue. 

DEROTMEMA SAUSSUREANUM, Scudder. 

One immature female and one male ; July 17, rgot. 
ConozOA BEHRENSI, Saussure. 

Six specimens : four males, two females ; September 22 and October 
SLOG Ns 
TRIMEROTROPIS REBELLIS (Saussure). 


Trimerotropis cristata, Rehn (not of McNeill), Trans. Amer. Ent. 
BOC) OX. Vl! pa 343 

Four specimens: three males, one female ; April 14 and May 18 
and 28, 1gor. 
TRIMEROTROPIS VINCULATA, Scudder. 

Twenty-nine specimens: ten males, 19 females; March 23, April 4, 
It, 17, 22 and 30, May 9, 15, 18, 25, 28 and 31, June 5, July 25, and 
October 22 and 30, 1go1. 
HELIASTUS CALIFORNICUS (Thomas). 

One female ; March 29, 1gotr. 
DRACOTETTIX MONSTEROSUS, Bruner (?). 

One immature female ; May 4, rgot. 

This specimen differs somewhat from Bruner’s figure of D. 
monsterosus (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII., pl. 1, fig. 1), mainly in the form 


146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of the lobes of the median carina and of the lower part of the face. As 
the specimen is immature, these differences may be those of immaturity. 
No relationship exists with D. p/utonius, Bruner (North Amer. Fauna 
No.7, p27). 


SCHISTOCERCA VAGA (Scudder). 

Two females ; April 24 and July 17, 1go1. 
ZEOLOPLUS CHENOPODII ARCUATUS, n. subsp. 

Type: ¢ and ?; San Diego, California, May 18 and 28, 1gor. 

Very closely allied to 4. chenopodii from Grand Mesa, Colorado, 
but differing in the rotundate caudal margin of the subgenital plate, this 
region in chenopodii being acuminate (see Scudder, Proc. U.S. Nat Mus., 
XX., pl. V., fig. 9), and in the more apparent prozonal median carina, 
this secuon being ‘‘ wanting or rarely indicated ” in chenopodii. 

Size medium. Pronotum with the pronotal carina quite distinct, 
except on the caudal portion of the prozona, where it is obsolete. 
Subgenital plate of the male with the caudal margin rotundate ; cerci 
tapering to a very fine point. 

Colour apparently the same as true chenopodit, 


Measurements : a3 oF 
Length of head and body ......15.5 mm. 22 mm. 
engthiof pronotumys.- <1. 4).0-.-baeen ee = 6 f 
Mength of tegminacr =...) .- heen Basu ys 
ength of posterior femora... 3ra-5 9 4 ¢ 


Four specimens of this species have been examined: two males, two 
females. 


MELANOPLUS RILEYANUS, Scudder. 
One female ; April 10, 1got. 


Family TETTIGONID&. 
CONOCEPHALUS MEXICANUS, Saussure. 
One female ; May 13, 1901. 


Family GRYLLID&. 
GRYLLUS ASSIMILIS (Fabricius). 
One male; July 28, rgor. 
This is much smaller than Mexican specimens of assimidis, but it is 
clearly the same species. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 








SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN FULGORID~. 


BY E. D. BALL, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO. 


Some time ago, when about to publish a synopsis of the genus 
Scolops, the writer discovered that Dr. Uhler had the same genus in hand 
and his MSS. ready for the press. As the result of the correspondence, 
the writer dropped his work for the time, and Dr. Uhler promised to send 
his types as soon as his paper was published. (Proc. Md. Acad. Sc., p. 
401, 1900.) With his usual thoughtfulness, the Doctor sent on the types: 
and with the aid of these and a fine series of eastern forms received from 
Mr. Otto Heidemann the author has been able to definitely place all the 
described species and recognize a number of new ones. 

The genus is found in its greatest abundance in the border line of 
plain and mountain region, and so many new forms have been found here 
in the past few years that there are no doubt many more to be found 
on further search. 

All but one or two of the species have been found to occur in two 
wing lengths; one in which the elytra are about the length of the abdomen 
and the under wings very short and probably not functional ; the other in 
which the elytra are long and flaring, the wings well developed. 

On account of the curved or angled nature of the cephalic process, 
the measurement of its length is a somewhat difficult matter. In the 
present paper the length given has been measured in a straight line from 
the tip to the middle of the eye. 

Scolops Osborni, n. sp. 

Form and structure of sa/cipes, but larger and with a stouter process, 
Colour pale yellow as in the lighter species of hespertus. FElytra light, 
sparsely dotted with fuscous. Length: macropterous examples ri mm., 
brachypterous 9 mm.; length of horn 3 mm.; width 4 mm. 

Cephalic process long and slightly bent at the sulcus, larger than in 
sulcipes and not constricted beyond the sulcus, as large as that of 
hesperius, but regularly tapering anteriorly. Elytra with the two inner 
nervures of corium forked well before the middle and one branch at least 
of each again forked before the apex of clavus, cross nervures not as 
numerous as in sw/czpes and very faint except at apex. 

Colour: cephalic process and face yellow, pronotum and scutellum 
straw colour, a pair of pitchy black spots on the sides of the pronotum 


148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





just back of the eyes, which they exceed in diameter; a pair of dots on the 
disc and four black dots on posterior margin of scutellum. Elytra pale, 
the nervures concolorous, margined with regularly-arranged pairs of black 
dots, the costal and apical margins with large quadrate black spots; cross 
nervures, except at apex, unmarked. 

Described from seven specimens; three from Sioux City, Iowa 
(Osborn); three from Onaga, Kans. (Crevecceur), and one from Effingham, 
Kans. (Van Duzee). The double furcation of the nervures will separate 
this from any but su/cipes, and the larger process and the lighter colour 
will readily differentiate it from this latter species. 


Scolops Uhler?, n. sp. 

Resembling angustatus and perdix, but much shorter-bodied and 
with a long straight process. Length 6.5-8 mm., process 2-3 mm.; 
width 2.5 mm. 

Cephalic process long and straight, half longer than front, parallel 
margined, two-thirds the width of the vertex, vertex convex. Elytra 
straight and narrow as in avgustatus, but much shorter, the middle sector 
forking farther back than the inner one. 

Colour: face and apical process pale soiled yellow, the lateral 
suargins of the latter dull brown, pronotum and scutellum pale, more or 
less clouded, a pair of rather large round spots on disc of pronotum and 
another pair near apex of scutellum. Elytra with the broad outer margin 
and most of the inner margin pale or milky white; just inside the outer 
sector is a broad smoky or dark brown stripe, very definite on the outer 
margin and fading out internally. This stripe is sparsely interrupted with 
light dots on the nervures. 

Described from twenty-four examples from Grand Junction, Colo, 
The small, square-set body, together with the remarkably long, straight 
process, renders this a strikingly distinct form. The process is twice as 
long as in angustatus and considerably longer than in ferdix. It is also 
stouter and strictly parallel-margined, while in those species it tapers. 


Scolops maculosus, D. sp. 

Form of Ufderi nearly, body distinctly oval, the process shorter and 
stouter, resembling vodustus in shape and colour, but smaller. Length: 
2? 7 mm., ¢ 6mm., process 2 mm.; width 2.75 mm. 

Cephalic process stout, almost as wide as the vertex, a trifle enlarged 
at the apex, as long as the front, slightly curved upward.  Elytra 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 





rounding, but little longer than body, two inner sectors of corium usually 
forking together and about opposite where the claval nervures unite. 

Colour: face and lower surface of process pale yellow, rest of 
process, except dorsal carine, deep brown. Pronotum and scutellum 
irregularly clouded, a pair of spots, each, on vertex, pronotum and 
scutellum. Tegulee with the disc black. Elytra pale, the costal margins 
broadly light, rest of elytra with rather large light and dark spots along 
the nervures, usually a very definite light spot just before the forking of 
the ulnar nervures. 

Described from twenty-four specimens, all from Colorado, where it is 
very generally distributed. 


Scolops viridis, n. sp. 

Form of amgustatus nearly, but broader, as broad as peradix. Green, 
with pale smoky spots on elytra. Length: 2 8mm., ¢ 7 mm., process 
2mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Cephalic process small, straight, parallel-margined, slightly longer 
than front, less than half the width of the broad vertex. Elytra rather 
broad, longer than body, the normal form very long and flaring in 
macropterous examples, two inner sectors forking just back of middle of 
elytra, the middle one usually a trifle in advance of the other. 

Colour: light green, a pair of black spots on each, pronotum and 
scutellum. Elytra with a rather narrow light stripe on costal margin, the 
nervures bright green, alternately interrupted with light and margined 
with pale smoky yellow. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Grand Junction and 
Pueblo, Colo. The green colour renders this quite distinct and 
introduces a new feature into the genus. 

Scolops abnormis, 0. sp. 

Form and general appearance of gvossus, slightly lighter coloured 
and with a larger process and simpler venation. Length 8 mm., width 
3.5 mm., process 3 mm. 

Cephalic process upturned, much inflated, slightly wider than the 
vertex or the front between the eyes, median carine of front becoming 
obsolete on process, lateral carine slightly widening and dividing the 
width into three equal parts, process slightly longer than front, the sulcus 
indistinct, eyes rather prominent, head definitely constricted back of eyes 
so that they are remote from pronotum. Elytra moderately long, 
somewhat flaring behind, the middle sector simple. 


1M) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Colour: cephalic process brown with. small light maculations, the 
lower face between the carinz and the front pale. Body and elytra pale 
gray, a pair of black spots on scutellum and more or less of brownish 
maculation on pronotum and elytral nervures. 

Described from two specimens from San Jose, Calif. (King). The 
immense size of the process will at once separate this from fad/idus, 
which it resembles in venation and colour. 


Scolops Vanduzei, n. sp. 

Form of maculosus nearly, but larger, resembling adxzormis, but with 
much smaller process. Rusty straw-coloured. Length 7 mm., width 2.75 
mm., process 2 mm. 

Cephalic process not quite as wide as vertex, as long as front, 
strictly parallel-margined, lateral carine of lower face parallel, not 
enclosing over one-third of its width, head not constricted behind the 
eyes. Elytra longer than the body and well rounded behind, resembling 
hesperius, venation distinct, veins strong, middle sector usually forked 
slightly behind the inner one. 

Colour: process mottled with fuscous and pale shading out to 
greenish fuscous on face, vertex with a fuscous crescent interrupted by 
the median carine, four fuscous spots in a transverse row on the 
pronotum and four more on the scutellum. Elytra pale smoky or 
grayish, the nervures light with light spots sparsely sprinkled along them, 
almost continuously margined with fuscous. 

Described from eight examples from Kimball, Neb. 


Scolops robustus, n. sp. 

Resembling macu/osus, but broader, stouter and with a cephalic 
process like angustatus. Length: 2 6 mm., ¢ 5.5 mm.; width 3 mm., 
process 1.25 mm. 

Cephalic process very small and short, shorter than front, not over 
one-half the width of vertex, parallel-margined, vertex and eyes short and 
broad, head slightly constricted behind eyes, pronotum very short and 
broad, which gives the whole insect a broad, square-set appearance, 
Elytra either broad and square-set or very long and flaring, the middle 
sector usually forking slightly behind the inner one. 

Colour: process greenish or smoky, the carine pale, vertex with a 
pair of small fuscous points, pronotum distinctly lighter, appearing as a 
light “collar,” a pair of large round spots on disc, a pair of smaller points 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. eal 





against the carinz outside, black. Tegulze smoky brown, scutellum 
brownish or pale, with four large fuscous spots. Elytra milky white, 
clouded with brown along the light-dotted nervures, a pair of slightly 
oblique fuscous stripes towards the apex in the long-winged examples. 

Described from twenty-four examples from various points in 
Colorado. Readily separated from all other species by the broad form 
and short process. 


Cixius cultus, n. sp. 

Resembling s¢zgmatus without basal band, smaller and narrower. 
Narrower than fizz, with a longer vertex. Length: 2 675 mm., ¢ 5 
mm.; width 2 mm. Vertex longer than breadth at base, acutely 
triangular at apex, with the bounding carine distinct, apex distinctly 
overhanging front. Front rather narrow, enlarged over the antenne 
beyond the line of the marginal curve, median and lateral carinz distinct 
as in colepeum. FElytra very long and narrow, parallel-margined. 

Colour: black, the carinze of front and vertex, all the pronotum 
except the area behind the eyes, the tegule and the carinz of scutellum, 
light. Sometimes the carinz on front and scutellum are reddish. Elytra 
milky, sometimes slightly clouded with smoky and with a pair of smoky 
spots before the middle and another faint one inside the stigma. Stigma 
small and oblique. 

Male pygofers short, with the posterior margin deeply notched, the 
apex of the notch with a short tooth. Styles about equalling the 
pygofers, slender at base, broadening out into a slipper-shaped apex, with 
the toe out. Anal tube without teeth below. Entire genitalia black. 

Described from ten specimens from Calif., two from Kans. and nine 
from Colo. he elongate vertex and narrow form will readily separate 
this from any other described species. 


Oliarus aridus, n. sp. 

Resembling panzeri, but more elongate, as large as 5-/ineatus, but 
with longer and narrower elytra. Length: ? 7.25 mm., f 6.5 mm.; 
width 3 mm. 

Vertex shorter and broader than in 5-/:neatus, but little longer than 
wide, parallel-margined on posterior half, then rounding to a blunt apex, 
posterior margin angularly notched, face much broader than in 5-dineatus, 
nearly flat transversely, with distinct carine. Elytra long and narrow, 
with a rather small stigma. 


Laz THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Colour: vertex fuscous, the carine light yellow, a definite light spot 
on the caringe against the eyes, face testaceous, the carinz slightly lighter, 
a larger light spot on each side below the antenne. Pronotum dark, the 
carinze and margins broadly light, scutellum testaceous, a dark stripe 
outside the carinz. -Elytra milky or hyaline, nervures very lightly 
marked, stigma and cross nervures fuscous. 

Male pygofers long, ventral notch rather shallow, with a slender 
tooth, lateral margins of pygofers produced into a pair of teeth. Styles 
extending half their length beyond the pygofers, their inner margins 
appressed, narrow, nearly cylindrical at base, the apical half broad and 
obliquely truncate, together spear-shaped. Pygofers black, the posterior 
margins, tooth and styles, yellow. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Kans., Calif., and 
various parts of Colo. 


Oliarus complectus, n. sp. 

Form and general appearance of aridus, but much smaller. Smaller 
and narrower than Aumilis. Length: 9 5.5 mm., 6 4.5 mm; width 
1.75 mm. 

Vertex nearly half longer than broad, narrowing from the base to the 
narrow truncate apex, lateral foveee long and narrow. Vertex definitely 
produced in front of eyes and angulate with front, front narrower than in 
aridus. Elytra long and narrow, with a definite stigma. 

Colour: vertex black, the carine light yellow; face, pronotum and 
scutellum varying from testaceous to black, the carinze usually light. On 
very dark specimens those on scutellum often obscure. Elytra subhyalines 
the nervures yellow and unmarked with black spots before the stigma. 
Back of this more or less smoky and black punctured. 

Male pygofers rectangularly notched, with a long slender tooth- 
Styles extending one-third their length beyond the pygofers, then curving 
around and passing back under their margins again. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Hayti, W. I. Md., 
Kans., Ariz., and various places in the southern half of Colo. The small 
size and unmarked nervures will separate this species from any other 
described. 

Oliarus sementinus, n. sp. 

Short and robust, the elytra flaring as in Aumilis. Colour of 

complectus nearly. Length: 9 5 mm., ¢ 4.25 mm.; width 2.25 mm. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. tas 





Vertex short and broad, nearly twice wider than long, the anterior 
margin roundingly angulate, almost parallel with the emarginate posterior 
margin, vertex scarcely reaching the anterior margin of eyes, beyond 
which the gibbous front extends for about half the length of vertex. 
Face very broad and full, convex, with the median carina indistinct or 
wanting. Elytra broad and flaring, nervures strong, weakly black- 
punctured and beset with long white hairs. 

Colour: vertex and front dark testaceous, the carine light yellow, 
pronotum light, scutellum light testaceous. Elytra milky subhyaline, 
nervures brownish at the base, then smoky, the cross nervures and apex 
margined with fuscous, the nervures clothed with long white hairs. 

Male pygofers long and slender, deeply angularly notched with a 
small tooth. Styles as in comp/ectus, but longer and leaving a large open 
space in the curve. 

Described from seventeen specimens from Las Animas, Colo. Easily 
distinguished by the short head. 


Myndus viridis, n. sp. 

Form of émpunctatus nearly, but smaller and narrower. Length: 9 
5mm, ¢ 4.5 mm.; width 1.5 mm. 

Vertex twice longer than wide, very slightly constricted before the 
middle, face as in ¢mpunctatus, the median carine of clypeus indistinct. 
Elytra long and narrow, without a stigma. 

Colour: bright grass green, fading to yellowish-green in old 
specimens. Elytra subhyaline. 

Male pygofers almost truncate posteriorly, with a triangular median 
tooth. Styles moderately long, their enlarged oval apices slightly 
overlapping. 

Described from fourteen examples from Grand Junction and a pair 
from Ames, Iowa. ‘The green colour will at once separate this from any 
described species. 

Myndus impiger, 0. sp. 

Form and general appearance of impunctatus. Smaller and less 
plainly marked. Length @ 4.5 mm.; width ©.5 mm. 

Vertex rather broad, expanded at the base, where it is more than half 
as wide as its middle length, face broad, the median carine of clypeus 
distinct throughout. Elytra similar in shape to those of zmpunctatus, 
broader than in wirtdis and with a distinct stigma. 


154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Colour: vertex and face testaceous, usually a horseshoe-shaped light 
mark on front, pronotum fuscous in front, forming a collar behind the 
eyes, the posterior margin and broad lateral areas light, scutellum 
testaceous, the carinz rather lighter. Elytra subhyaline, the nervures 
brewn or testaceous, sometime the apical ones clouded with fuscous. 

Described from eight females from Palmer Lake, Ridgeway and Fort 
Collins, Colo. All taken in the mountains. 

Myndus Slossoni, n. sp. 

Short and stout. Black, with the margins of elytra and a median 
saddle light yellow. Length 4 mm., width 1.25 mm. 

Vertex very broad, but slightly carinate, scarcely angled with front; 
front similar to émpiger, eyes large, together with vertex nearly as broad 
as the pronotum. Pronotum very short, angulate behind, scutellum as in 
impunctatus, strongly tri-carinate. Elytra shorter and broader than even 
in ¢mpunctatus. 

Colour: vertex, face, legs and pronotum leather-brown, lighter 
below. Eyes, scutellum and elytra black, the costal margins of elytra 
with narrow white stripes extending back beyond apex of clavus, a pale 
yellow, illy-defined saddle occupying nearly all the claval areas back of 
the apex of scutellum in the female and extending nearly to the costal 
stripes in the male. 

Male pygofers with a semicircular excavation bearing a minute 
knobbed median process. Styles long, touching in the middle, then 
obliquely divergent. Anal tube with an acute median ventral process. 

Described from a single pair from Biscayne Bay, Fla. Collected by 
Mrs. Slosson and sent me by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee. The head is 
proportionally larger (broader) in this form than in any other of our 
species. 

(Ecleus lineatus, n. sp. 

Resembling decens, but smaller and lighter coloured. Vertex narrow, 
right-angled. Length: ¢ 5.5 mm., ¢ 5 mm.; width 2.25 mm. 

Vertex reduced to a line. over five times longer than wide, slightly 
wider in front than behind, projecting some distance in front of eye and 
meeting front in a right angle, the lateral carinze elevated and nearly 
meeting behind, forming a trough. Front concave, narrow, broadening 
out below the middle, where it is over three times as wide as at the base, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 





the median carine obsolete at base, pronotum short, scutellum with five 
carine. 

Colour: vertex and front fuscous, the carine light, scutellum fuscous 
on disc, the carine and lateral margins light testaceous. Elytra hyaline, 
the nervures pale, rather sparsely dotted with fuscous, becoming thicker 
towards apex, legs and below mostly pale. 

Male genital segment long and parallel margined, the ventral margin 
produced into a broad triangular tooth which is produced at apex into a 
short stout tooth. Styles in a horizontal plane, longer than the tooth, 
strap shaped, their outer margins rounded at apex, their inner ones 
produced into short reflexed hooks. 

Described from one female and two males from Phcenix, Ariz. 
(Kunze.) The narrow produced vertex will at once distinguish this 
species. 


(cleus excavatus, n. sp. 

Form and structure of /:zeatus nearly, narrower, darker, with a 
broader vertex. Length 5 mm.; width 1.75 mm. 

Vertex parallel-margined, twice as wide as in /:neatus, length three 
times its width, projecting in front of eyes as far as in /imeatus and 
meeting the front in a still sharper angle, front broader above and 
narrower below than in /¢zeatus, base over half as wide as the apex, the 
median carina extending to base. Elytra long. narrow, folded at rest. 

Colour: vertex and face black, the carinze light, scutellum fuscous, 
the five carinze and sometime the margin testaceous. Elytra milk-white, 
the sutural margins creamy, interrupted with black near the middle and 
again at apex of clavus, nervures pale, thickly beset with large black 
spots somewhat confluent towards apex. Below fuscous. 

Male genital segment long cylindrical, the posterior margin 
ventrally produced into a long narrow tooth, constricted at the base. 
Styles long, the shape hidden by the wax with which they are coated. 

Described from four specimens, three females and one male, from 
Wray, Lamar and Fort Collins, Colo. 


cleus obtusus, ni. sp. 

Resembling excavatus, but stouter and with a_ shorter vertex. 
Length: 9? 6mm., ¢ 5 mm.; width 2 mm. 

Vertex rather narrow, three and one-half times as long as its apical 
width, still narrower at base, extending scarcely more than the width of 


156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





the carine in front of the eye and meeting the front in an obtuse angle. 
Face in profile rounding, about equally margining eye from the base to 
the ocelli, front constricted at base, where it is one-third the width 
between the antenne, the median carina obsolete at base. Pronotum 
roundingly emarginate posteriorly, the lower posterior angle scarcely, if at 
all, inclined backwards. 

Colour: vertex and front fuscous, the carinz light, scutellum 
testaceous, carinze testaceous. Elytra milky, the nervures smoky brown, 
with very faint punctures, sometimes light at base, the punctures 
slightly more distinct. 

Posterior margin of male genital segment in the form of an 
equilaterally triangular tooth. Styles but little longer than the tooth, 
broad at base, narrowing down to just before the apex, where they are 
knobbed and produced into stout hooks on the inner margin. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Neb., Kans., Colo. and 
Utah. 


(Ecleus campestris, n. sp. 

Form and general appearance of odfusus, slightly larger, darker and 
with a broader vertex and front. Length: 9 6 mm., ¢ 5 mm.; width 
2.25 mm. 

Vertex broad and short, but little over twice longer than wide, 
meeting the front in an obtuse angle, which is produced but a trifle in 
front of the eye. Front broad, rather flat, regularly widening from the 
broad base to just before the apex, where it is scarcely twice as wide as at 
the base, the median carina usually extending to base, pronotum longer 
than in odtusus, the posterior margin broadly angulate, the lower posterior 
angles acute and inclined backwards. 

Colour: vertex and front black, the caring light, scutellum brownish, 
with the five carine testaceous and often another pair of testaceous lines 
outside these. Elytra hyaline, the nervures yellow, heavily marked with 
dark spots, the sutural margin light, often twice interrupted with fuscous 
and the stigma is often fuscous marked. 

Male genital segment produced posteriorly in a rounding or obtusely 
triangular lobe, produced at the apex into an acutely triangular tooth. 
Styles long, set vertically, expanded towards the apex and bearing on 
their inner faces, at nearly one-third their length from the apex, rounding 
or cylindrical protuberances. 

Described from twenty-four examples from Lamar, Colo. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 130 








(cleus fulvidorsum, n. sp. 

Form of odtusus nearly, but smaller and with a tricarinate scutellum. 
Colour pale yellow, scutellum fulvous. Length: 2 5 mm., ¢ 4 mm; 
width 1.75 mm. 

Vertex a little over three times longer than wide, parallel margined, 
meeting front in an obtuse angle as in od¢usus, front short and broad at 
base, where it is half as wide as at apex. Pronotum angularly excavated 
posteriorly, scutellum tricarinate or with another pair of very faint carine. 

Colour: pale creamy yellow, the clypeus and scutellum fulvous. 
Elytra pale creamy, the nervures concolorous, dotted with testaceous 
beyond the apex of clavus. 

Male genital segment long, posterior margin produced in the form of 
a narrow finger-like process, slightly widest at base. ° Styles stout, 
subcylindrical, but little longer than the process, their apices nearly 
truncate, a pair of short stout processes on their inner faces just before 
the apex. 

Described from twenty-three specimens from Grand Junction, Colo., 
and one from Phoenix, Ariz. The pale yellow colour and the tricarinate 


scutellum easily separate this species. 


(cleus acutus, D. sp. 

Form of Ziémeatus nearly, lighter coloured, with a narrower vertex 
and tricarinate scutellum. Length 5.5 mm.; width 2 mm. 

Vertex very long, simply a line on the posterior half, widening out 
slightly beyond the eyes, extending nearly helf its distance in front of 
eyes and meeting front in an acute angle, front very narrow, evenly 
rounding in profile. Pronotum long and shallowly excavated posteriorly, 
scutellum tricarinate, the two lateral carine very near the median one. 

Colour: pale yellow, slightly washed with orange on disc of scutellum. 
Elytra subhyaline, the nervures light with very small fuscous punctures. 

Male genital segment produced into a broad short tooth with an 
obtusely rounding apex. Styles narrow, twice as long as the tooth, 
broadened at the apex, before which there is a recurved tooth on the 
inner margin. 

Described from two males from Port au Prince, Hayti. (R. J. Crew.) 

A glance at the long vertex and the three close-set carine on the 
scutellum is all that is necessary to determine this species. 


158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





COCCIDA OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 
BY GEORGE B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. 
(Continued from Vol. XX XTII., page 336, rgor.) 

Eulecanium fraxini, n. sp.—Adult 2 scale 6 mm. long, 5 broad, 2 
high ; some individuals are practically circular in outline and variable in 
size. In July the scales are well covered with a grayish powdery 
secretion ; this being removed they are reddish brown, considerably 
wrinkled and pitted, surface shiny, texture thick. 

Boiled in potash the derm becomes very clear and transparent, 
showing some large gland-pits 24» in diameter. Mouth-parts, legs and 
anal plates tinged with yellow. Antenne practically colourless, of 7 


joints, measuring in » as follows : 


Jott, (o2)'2°(48) vay (60) 4) (36) 15928) 6 (20) Fa (40) ine 


" 24 " Alah 0g 64 HWA Oat 24 20 36 
Mi) sO 405 68 " 56 " 24 1! A aly 48 
Lier OP SSD e ci Abe Sa 68 1 56 " 24 =" 24 ies 2 


The last two lines of measurement seem to be of the normal type 
with a formula of 34721 (56). 

Legs thin; front leg, coxa 84. Femur x trochanter 180. Tibia 136. 
Tarsus 60 in length. Middle leg, coxa 108. Femur x trochanter 176. 
Tibia 120. Tarsus 56. Hind leg, coxa r20. Femur x trochanter 196. 
Tibia 132. ‘Tarsus 64. 

The average width of the legs, coxa 52, trochanter 52. ‘Tibia 24. 
Tarsus 16. Spines of lateral clefts in threes, nearly of equal width and in 
length 36 and 56, respectively. Marginal spines 24 long. Rostral 
loop long and stout. 

Hab.—Ottawa, Ont., on twigs of white ash (Fraxinus Americana). 
Coll. Dr. Fletcher, November 2, tgo1t, and found by me at Andover, 
Mass., July 16, 1899, also on white ash. The slide mount which was 
prepared at that time does not show the derm gland-pits, but they 
were distinctly seen when the mount was made. 

The scales have considerable superficial resemblance to Eu/ecanium 
cerasifex, Fitch, and Z. cynosbati, Fitch. Structurally it differs from 
Cynosbati in not having 7 x 8 jointed antennz, and in the form of 
7 joints which has a very long third joint. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 





Dr. Fletcher also sent some blackberry twigs infested with Awdacaspis 
ros, which he received from Mr. J. D. Evans, of Trenton, Ont. They 
seem to be particularly abundant on the lower branches of the bushes (as 
is usually the case with this species). The species are from the same 
plantation where Hudecanium Fitchi was so remarkably abundant last 
summer. 

Just recently I have received from Rev. Dr. Fyles, Aspidiotus 
hedere, Vall., on ivy (Hedera); Lecanium hesperidum, L., on flowering 
maple (Adutilon) and on Euonymus sp., and Dactylopius citri on passion- 
flower, all found in a dwelling house at Levis, Quebec. The Dactylopius 
is new to the Canadian list and perhaps has been taken to be the very 
common pest of the greenhouse, Dactylopius longispinus, Targ. At this 
writing (February 24, 1902) there remain only two other species of 
Coccide from British North America not studied and probably new, 


received from Mr. John Dearness. 


Below is a check-list giving their geographical distribution through- 


out the provinces : 


Eriococcus borealis, Ckll. 

Phenococcus Dearnessi, King. 

Ripersia basi, Ckll. 

Dactylopius longispinus, Targ. 
es citri, Boisd. 


Kermes Pettiti, Ehrh. 

Orthezia Americana, Walk. 
Asterolecanium variolosum, Ratz. 
Lecanium hesperidum, L. 


ce 
$ pini, King. 
Eulecanium pyri, Schn. 
ce 
juglandis, Bouché. 
quercitronis, Fitch. 
Fitchi, Sign. 
ef Canadense, Ckll. 


* | Flétcheri, CkIl. 


pseudhesperidum, Ckll. 


antennatum, var. Ckll. 


Yukon Territory (Dawson City). 

Ontario (London). 

Ontario (Toronto). 

In all the provinces. 

There is little doubt but this can 
be found in all the provinces. 

Ontario (Rice Lake). 

Ontario, Quebec. 

Ontario (Niagara, Ottawa). 

In all the provinces. 

Ontario (Ottawa). 

Ontario (London). 

Prince Edward Island. 

Ontario, Quebec. 

Ontario, Nova Scotia. 

Ontario (London). 

Ontario, Nova Scotia, Manitoba. 

Ontario (Ottawa, Arnstein), Nova 
Scotia, Manitoba. 

Ontario (Ottawa). 


160 THE CANADIAN 


Eulecanium maclurarum, Ckll. 


3 caryarum, Ckll. 

s nigrofasciatum, Perg. 

ae cerasifex, Fitch. 

ss pruinosum, Cqul. 

% Websteri, Ckll. and King. 

s cary, Fitch. 

a armeniacum, Craw. 

‘ cynosbati, Fitch. 

s corylifex, Fitch. 

quercifex, Fitch. 

rose, King. 

fe capree, L. 

a! persicee, Fabr. 

es vinil, Bouché. 

a Guignardi, King. 

v Lymani, King. 

* fraxini, King, n. sp. 
Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv. 

i brassicee (?), Ckll. 

- occidentalis, Ckll. 

x tilie, King and Ckll. 

of viburni, King. 


Eriopeltis festucze, Fonsa. 


Aspidiotus hedere, Vall. 


& Forbesi, Johns. 
He ancylus, Putn. 
os ostreceformis, Curt. 
os perniciosus, Comst. 


H Dearnessi, Ckll. 

A diffinis (?), Newst. 
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Marg. 
Aulacaspis rosz, Bouché. 


ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Ontario (Niagara). 

Ontario (Niagara). 

Ontario (St. Catharines). 

Ontario (Niagara Peninsula). 

Ontario (St. Catharines). 

Ontario, NovaScotia, Prince Edward 
Island. 

Ontario (St. Catharines). 

Quebec (Sherbrooke). 

Ontario. 

Ontario (Ottawa, Nepigon), Quebec 
(Aylmer). 

Quebec (Knowlton): 

(Quebec (Sherbrooke). 

Nova Scotia (Dartmouth). 

Nova Scotia. 

Nova Scotia (Kentville). 

Ontario (Niagara). 

Quebec (St. Hilaire, North Hatley). 

Ontario (Ottawa). 

Ontario. 

Ontario. 

Nova Scotia (Dartmouth), Prince 
Edward Island, British Coluinbia. 

Ontario. 

Ontario, Quebec (Aylmer). 

Nova Scotia, abundant ; 
(Ottawa, rare). 

Ontario, Prince Edward Island. 

Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia. 

Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia. 

British Columbia, Ontario, Prince 
Edward Island. 

Ontario. 

Ontario (London). 

Ontario, 

Ontario. 

Ontario, Prince Edward Island. 


Ontario 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161 





*Diaspis Boisduvali, Sign. Ontario. 
Chionaspis pinifoli, Fitch. Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia. 
Bt Lintneri, Comst. Ontario, Quebec, Prince Edward 
Island, Nova Scotia. 
is corni, Cooley. Ontario. 
és furfurus, Fitch. Ontario, Quebec, Prince Edward 
Island, Nova Scotia. 
ES salicis-nigiz, Walsh. Ontario. 
Hemichionaspis aspidistre, Sign. Ontario. 
Mytilaspis ulmi, L. In all the provinces. 


We have now 59 species of Coccide recorded from British North 
America ; the two more, probably new, would make 61 species. 

Distribution by provinces: Ontario has produced the largest portion, 
48 species; Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia with 13 each; Quebec 
next with g ; British Columbia with 6, and Manitoba, 5. 

Ottawa seems to lead, with London next, and then Niagara and St, 
Catharines. Very few other places produce more than two or three 
species each, and many only one. 

At present there are 37 native and 22 introduced species. 

I shall be pleased to receive and determine any material in Coccide 
found in Canada. I would say in this connection that the last of May 
and June are the two best months to find the genus Pu/yinaria, and 
collecting for other species can be done the year round. 


BOOK “NOTICE: 


GENERA INSECTORUM.—Published by P. Wytsman, 108 Boulevard du 
Nord, Brussels, Belgium. 

The third and fourth parts of this work have now been issued. Part 

3 consists of 40 pages and one plate, and forms a monograph of the 

tribes and genera of the family Lathridiide (Coleoptera, Clavicornica); 

lists and bibliographical references of species are given. ‘This is a very 


satisfactory study of these minute beetles by the Rev. R. P. Belon, of 





*This was cited as an Az/acaspzs, but Mr. Newstead has shown it to belong to 
Diaspis. (CkIl. in litt. ) 


162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Lyons, France, who, with Mr. Fall, of Pasadena, California, is one of the 
few living entomologists who is thoroughly familiar with this family of 
Coleoptera. He divides it into five tribes and 22 genera, and recognizes 
about 440 species; the plate, which is clearly executed, gives the charac- 
ters of all the genera. 

Part 4 contains only three pages and a plate, and gives a description 
and illustrations, by Mr. P. Wytsman, of the genus Leftocircus, which 
forms the subfamily Leptocircine of the Papilionide (Lepidoptera, 
Rhopalocera). The plate gives excellent figures of each of the six species 
of these beautiful Oriental butterflies, with the venation and other details. 

These two parts are in French, but we were in error in stating in our 
notice of Part 1 that French was to be the language employed in the 
work. Each contributor will write in English, French or German, which- 
ever may be most convenient to him, 

Parts 5 and 6, which are about to be issued, will be devoted to the 
Lepidoptera. In the former, Dr. A. Pagenstecher takes up the Libytheide 
and divides the family into three genera, Zzbythea, Hypatus and Dichora. 
He recognizes only ten species, all the others being considered to be 
varieties. The text (four pages) will be illustrated with a beautiful 
coloured plate. 

Part 6 will contain a very extended study of the Ornithopterine, the 
subfamily of the Papilionide which includes some of the most magnificent 
butterflies in the world, by Mr. Robert Rippon, of London, England, the 
author of the great work, ‘‘ Icones Ornithopterorum.” He has paid great 
attention to these ‘‘ Butterflies of Paradise,” as he calls them, and as the 
result of his studies divides the group into six genera: 1, Drurya (2 
species) ; 2, Schoenbergia (4 sp. and 3 varieties); 3, Oraithoptera (11 sp. 
and 11 vars.); 4, “theoptera (3 sp.); 5, Zrogonoptera (2 sp.); 6, Pompeoptera 
(24 sp. and 16 vars.), The part will be illustrated with two beautifully- 
coloured plates. 

The plan adopted for this great work is certainly excellent, as each 
family, or subfamily, will be treated by the best specialist known, in what- 
ever part of the world he may be. It is an immense undertaking, and the 
enterprising publisher should receive the support of all the important 
libraries in every country. 





Mailed June 9th, 1g02. 


! 


lie anata Entomologist 


VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, ge 1g02. No. 7 

















CLASSIBICATION OF THESFOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
Banos lle WASPSOK THE SUPEREAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





(Paper No. 6.—Continued from p. 137.) 
Famity XXVIII.—Vespide. 

This family is restricted to the paper-making wasps, all social species 
living in large communities and having three distinct sexes, female, 
worker, and male, thus agreeing with the social bees, the Afside and 
Bombide, and with many ants, Dorylide, Myrmicide, Formicide, etc. 

In some species, too, like the ants, there appear to be two forms of 
the worker. 

Deceived by their habits, for structurally they are widely separated, 
Westwood and Packard thought the social wasps were allied to the 
A pide, and in their scheme of classification have placed them next to the 
bees, with which they have nothing in common. 

Cresson, Kirby and most late writers seem to have followed them, 
but in my opinion it is clearly an unnatural position; they have no 
relationship whatever with the bees, and are a component of this great 
complex, but with affinities, through some exotic forms, allying them with 
the next great complex, or the superfamily FoRMICOIDEA. 

Two very distinct groups, here called subfamilies, have been 
recognized. They were first correctly indicated by C. G. Thomson, 
the distinguished Swedish entomologist, who called them tribes. 


Table of Subfamilies. 
Hind wings entire, wéthout an anal lobe, mesepisterna not sep- 
arated . A Rene Ee weeaeeeee- Subfamily I.—Vespine. 
Hind wings ouitn a Gatinet ara abe: mesepisterna 
Separated... 2. Jess..arvses 06 sees aee Subtamily 1 ——Belsiines: 


164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





SUBFAMILY I.—Vespine. 

1874. Vespina, Tribus. Thomson, Skand. Hym., IIL, p. 6. 

The absence of an anal lobe in the hind wings, and the non-separated 
mesepisternum, distinguish the group. The species, too, are much 
shorter, more robust, with a decidedly shorter mesonotum. 

Paravespa, Radoszkowsky, described in 1886, I do not know, but 
have incorporated it from the description alone. 

Three genera have been recognized, separable as follows 


Table of Genera. 
First abdominal segment broadly truncate at base. 

Eyes not extending to the base of the mandibles... det ene 
Eyes extending to the base of the mandibles, or very nearly. 
Third cubital cell along the radius fully as long as along the 
GUDILUS oi 45 on SIGE. - - -Ganae - oq espas. Ieimnes 
ae v. Puleaniel Linné.) 

Third cubital cell along the radius much shorter than along the 
EMMONS! 0... s sa eeeeeres ..........Paravespa, Radoszkowsky. 
(Type P. Komarowi, Radoszk.) 

Third submarginal cell along the radius longer than along the cubitus, 
or about twice as long; clypeus longer than wide, sinuate or slightly 
emarginate anteriorly and semicircularly emarginate at sides an- 
EORLOU Verse chs. « «sc rns Orato eee .. Vespula, Thomson. 
(Tite veeca austriaca, Panzer.) 


ty 


SUBFAMILY IJ].—Polistine. 


1874. Polistina, Tribus. Thomson, Skand. Hym,, III., p. 6. 

In this subfamily the hind wings have an anal lobe, and the 
mesepisternum is separated. 

The genera are numerous, and have reached their greatest develop- 
ment in tropical countries. The group is of great economic importance, 
as the various genera destroy the more destructive Lepidopterous Jarve. 


Table of Genera. 
Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures................2 
Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure. 
Second cubital cell petiolate ; clypeus terminating ina tooth ; mandibles 
short,;acutely dentate at apex s..2........... Anthreneida;)White, 
(Type Vespa Sumatrie, Weber.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165 





z. Abdomen petiolate ; mandibles 2—4-dentate ; maxillary palpi 5- or 6- 


TCO ONCY6 AEWA A A Se Alea csi Ai GS) SS eR a oa 
Abdomen not petiolate. 
Abdomen subsessile, the first segment campanulate.............3. 


Abdomen sessile, the first segment very small, sattnded ore the 
second very large, occupying most of the surface, the following 
eing more or less retracted ; second cubital cell wider than 

long; scutellum entirely covering the post-scutel- 
OIE PAs tcl og te aR AR Se DS aN gs . Nectarinia, Shuckard. 
(Type Bones analis, Perty.) 
Metathorax smooth or punctate; abdomen rather short, subovate or 
OW ter fateh sce Cae ix <i sen AS ERE as, ohare Oo Wanterous.« Latrerlles 
(Type Vespa apicalis, Fabr.) 


Go 


Metathorax transversely striate or aciculate ; abdomen long, fusiform, 
OIFClON@ATETOVANG,..... . - .. MRE es or oh enero L OlIstes, Jeatrenlle: 
(Type Vespa biglumis, Linné.) 

A eromiawings with ¢eree Cubitalseelis. ii... stems n es. se. oe as Sees 
Front wings with ¢zo cubital cells. a) ao Seeeearalcaria, (Gribodes 
(Type P. bicolor, Gribodo.) 


5. Abdomen with the first segment, or petiole, linear, the second segment 

more or less constricted or petiolate at base. Stats tee 

Abdomen with the first segment, or petiole, ieee or ibsloneee at 
apex, the second segment normal, not constricted at base. 

Second abdominal segment not especially large, not occupying 

MOSiOl se /SUItace Nor Covering the thimdsene ..82 2. 2 ..eenaan 

Second abdominal segment very large, occupying most of the 

surface, and covering the third, the terminal segments more or 

less retracted; mandibles 4-dentate, the inner tooth the 

smallest; clypeus wider than long, slightly rounded or sub- 

triangular anteriorly, but not dentate.... .. Icaria, Saussure. 

(Type I. artifex, Sauss.) 

6. First abdominal segment subcampanulate ; body of abdomen conical ; 

prothorax narrowed, not margined above; temples as broad or a 

little broader than the width of the eyes...... ..Synceca, Saussure. 

(Type Vespa Surinama, Linné.) 

First abdominal segment variable, sublinear or clavate; body of 

abdomen fusiform, clavate or subovate ; prothorax short; temples 


166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





scarcely so broad as the width of the eyes; mandibles 4-dentate, 
the teeth subequal; clypeus angulate anteriorly. . Polybia, Lepeletier. 
(Type Polistes liliacea, Fab.) 
7. Body elongate, cylindrical, or fusiform, the abdominal petiole very 
long; mandibles 3- or 4-dentate.......... A tas Sec yor 
Body rather short, not elongate, the abdominal petiole not especially 
long ; mandibles bidentate. 
Body of abdomen rotund; eyes small, the malar space dis- 
Gact. ei Sep ees eee: hehe Se lV TOSCO A Kein ye 
(Type Cyclostoma orientalis, Kirby.) 
Body of abdomen short-ovate ; eyes large, the malar space very 
Smalls or: lineata sie: +. bs hye eee oe ee LI RO ati See 
(Lype Vespa morio, Fabr.) 
8. Body of abdomen fusiform, the second segment pedicellate........9. 
Body of abdomen elongate, cylindrical or nearly, the second segment 
not pedicellate and scarcely longer than the third. . Apoica, Lepeletier. 
(Type Polistes virginea, Fabr.) 
g. Second cubital cell trapezoidal, narrowed above ; mandibles 4-dentate. 
Clypeus short, angulate anteriorly ; maxillary palpi 5- 
jomted:......... Snobs sat’. «sou elOnePaster, sausciine. 
(Type Vespa grisea, Fabr.) 
Clypeus anteriorly slightly emarginate and bidentate ; maxillary 
palpi 6-jointed, the last joint the 
longest........2cie. eae otis eee EIS CHOCY tia CUS: cod DOSmne. 
(Type Zethus labiatus, Fabr.) 
Second cubital cell triangular; mandibles 3-dentate ; clypeus wider 
than long, subemarginate at apex; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the first 
joint elongate, the last two small.....,Paramischocyttarus, Magretti. 
(Type P. subtilis, Magretti.) 


ERRATA. 
In Mr. G. B. King’s paper on the ‘Coccidze of British North 
America,” in the June number, the following corrections should be made : 
Page 159, for Ripersia dasz read R. Zas?z. 
Page 160, for Pulvinaria drassice read P. brassie. 
Page 160, Aspidiotus Dearnessi, Ontario (London), is from Lake 
Huron, not London. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 





MR. GROTE’S CRITICISMS. 
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL. 

As Mr. Grote has done me the honour to make certain criticisms on 
some of my recent papers, I would ask space for a brief reply. 

In regard to Gortyna Arata, I have no doubt that it has an 
alternative food-plant, but possibly it may never be discovered. Mr. 
Bird has made the same point, that as burdock is an introduced species 
it could not be the original preferred food-plant of any American species. 
But, while I admit that an introduced species could not be the original 
food-plant of an American insect, I see no reason why it should not be 
the preferred food since its introduction, just as Doryphora Decemlineata 
prefers the potato to its original food-plant. 

If the difference between Mite/a and rata was not made 
sufficiently apparent in my description, it was because I never thought of 
the two being confused, as the difference in colour is so marked, while 
Dr. Dyar had, as stated, expressed the opinion that my specimen was 
only a variety of Vecopina, and Mr. Bird, to whom I also showed it, 
never suggested any close relationship to /V/¢e/a, but said that if the 
larva proved to be distinct. from that of Mecopina I would be warranted 
in describing it as a new species, and I am quite sure that had I not bred 
the species no one would have believed that a flown specimen of it was 
anything but an example of (Vecopina. 

In regard to the names Vite/a and Vebris, | must confess that I was 
a little amused at being chided as too strict a stickler for the rigid 
enforcement of the law of priority, especially in view of the fact that I 
have already expressed the opinion that the law of priority should not be 
maintained in favour of the variety as against the prevailing form of the 
species*, but if I am going to extremes in carrying this law back two 
inches, and that is all the priority I claim for the name /Vedrzs, what 
should be thought of Mr, Grote in carrying it back to primeval times, 
long before there was any entomologist to criticise his fellows, to say 
nothing of studying these creatures. 

If, as conjectured by Mr. Grote, the form /V:te/a was the primitive 
form, and the form JVedrzs is a more specialized form which has been 
evolved from it, it would seem probable that in course of time the latter 
would become the dominant one, in spite of the varietal name which Mr. 








“CAN. ENT., XXIX., 256. 


168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Grote wishes to keep tied to it. Not only so, but if the tendencies which 
produced this form continued, the form WVete/a might become extinct, and 
yet Webris would only be var. Webris of the extinct Wite/a. 

Surely we must classify species as we find them existing at present, 
and not on the basis of any man’s conjecture of what they may have been 
hundreds of thousands of years ago. If the law of priority is to be 
carried back to primeval times, it will be invested with new terrors. 

In regard to my remarks on Lophodonta Angulosa and Lophodonta 
Georgica, or, as Dr. Packard in his work on the Bombycine Moths gives 
them, Lophodonta Angulosa and Drymonia Georgica, 1 confess that I 
had overlooked the paper by Messrs. Grote and Robinson in the Annals 
of the N. Y. Lyceum N. Hist. 

Of course, theoretically, anyone who ventures to write on any 
entomological subject is supposed to be acquainted with everything which 
has ever been published on that subject in his own country, and in every 
other country, but practically if we attempted to follow that rule, I am 
afraid that little, if anything, would be written. We have to take some 
chances, and a man away from large entomological libraries must depend 
to a certain extent upon catalogues and indexes, and in no record or 
catalogue which I possess is this paper referred to. 

I am much obliged to Mr. Grote for calling my attention to it, and 
may point out that the authors fell into the error of giving the number of 
Abbot & Smith’s plate as 78 instead of 83, as given by me. 

I disagree with those gentlemen, however, in their conclusions, as 
there is not a particle of evidence pointing to the probability of the 
“lower right-hand figure ” of Abbot’s plate being a male. It was figured 
as a female, and presumably belonged to that sex. It is, of course, 
possible that Abbot may have been mistaken, and it may have been a 
male, just as he figured a small female of Phobetron Fithecium as the 
male of that species, a not very heinous error when the extremely 
aberrant character of the male is considered, but even if it was a male, I 
fail to see that that would make any difference. The upper left-hand 
figure was the one described as the typical form, it being distinctly stated 
that the males and the majority of the females were of that type, while 
the lower right-hand figure was given merely as a variety of colour. 

Mr. Grote says that Abbot & Smith’s name became restricted to this 
supposed ‘variety of colour” by Herrick-Schaffer’s description of 
Georgica, but he did not describe it; he merely published a figure, a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 


e 





much better one, it is true, than Abbot’s, and put down the name in the 
various lists given in the work, thus: 
Page rt. Notodonta Georgica—angulosa, Abbot. 
Page 66. Notodonta O. 
angulosa Abbot — georgica, H.-S., fig. 384 — Georg. Am. 
Page 82. No. 384, Notodonta georgica, H.-S., foem.— Notodonta angu- 
losa, Abbot. 

So far as I have been able to make out, it was merely a substitution 
of the name Georgica by Herrick-Schaffer for the name Axngulosa 
proposed by Sir J. E. Smith, in much the same way as the latter tried to 
substitute the name Sphinx Chionanthi, A. & S., for Sphinx Rustica, 
Fabr., and I hold that if he recognized that Abbot had figured two 
species on that plate, he should have given his new name to the species 
represented by the lower right-hand figure. 





A NEW SPECIES OF MELANOPLUS FROM ARIZONA. 


BY A. N. CAUDELL, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Melanoplus Brownti, sp. nov.—General colour brownish fuscous. 
Head slightly prominent, with the occiput elevated a little above the 
pronotum and with a black postocular stripe ; interspace between the 
eyes no broader than the basal segment of the antennz ; fastigium 
moderately declivent and deeply sulcate, especially in the male; frontal 
costa percurrent and deeply sulcate except above, where it is biseriately 
punctate. Eyes large and somewhat prominent, distinctly longer than 
the infraocular portion of the gene. Antenne long, in the male as long or 
longer than the posterior femora. Pronotum equal in the anterior portion, 
but quite noticeably expanding on the metazona, truncate anteriorly, 
posteriorly obtuse angulate, the angle rounded ; lateral lobes marked with 
a more or less interrupted black stripe which is continuous with the 
postocular stripe of the head. Median carina distinct only on the 
metazona, which is shorter than the prozona. Prosternal spine suberect, 
pyramidal, apically acuminate. Interspace between the mesosternal 
lobes longer than broad; metasternal lobes subattingent. Elytra long 
and slender, extending far beyond the hind femora in both sexes, almost 


170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





immaculate. Hind femora moderately slender, uniformly brownish, often 
darker above and externally and sometimes with slight fuscous genicular 
markings. Hind tibiee yellowish brown, the spines tipped with black, ten 
to eleven in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen neither swollen 
nor upturned. Tlurcula broad as in the other members of the group to 
which this species belongs ; cerci shaped very much the same as those of 
M. Bowditcht, somewhat incurved and externally sulcate at the tip, some- 
times very inconspicuously so. Subgenital plate long, apically narrow. 

Length: elytra, male 18.5 to 19.5 mm., female 23 to 24 mm.; hind 
femora, male 10.5 to rr mm., female 13 to 14 mm. 

Three males, three females, Yuma, Arizona. 

Type No. 6302. U. S. Nat. Mus. 

These specimens were sent to the Department of Agriculture by the 
collector, Mr. Herbert Brown, superintendent of the territorial prison 
at Yuma, Arizona. They were collected on Detember 8th, 1rgo1, a few 
miles from Yuma, up the Colorado River, at the head of a dry slough. 
They belong to the Lowdztchi series, and the species is most nearly allied 
to JZ. pictus, from which it is readily distinguished, however, by the 
differently-shaped cerci and the smaller size. 





ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 


On the 26th of May, 1902, I received from Mr. C. G. Anderson, 
London, a freshly-emerged specimen of Papilio Ajax (spring form, 
Telamonides, Feld.), taken by him at Kingsville on the 24th—another 
testimony to the southern character of the flora and fauna of Lake Erie’s 
northern shore. 

I desire to give expression to my pleasure in receiving from Mr. J. 
A. Morden, London, Ont., twenty-four specimens of that rarely-observed 
beetle, Cy//ene pictus, Drury, which he secured for me out of a stick of 
bitter-nut hickory in the first week of May, tgo2. 


J. Atston Morrat, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. RY 





NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ACARIANS. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST END, VA, 

In the following pages I have included descriptions of a few new 
genera and species of mites that have been in my possession for some 
time. Several of the genera are for the first time recorded in America. 
A note is added on two species of Zrichotarsus. Of the two new genera, 
the Lzroaspis is a very remarkable form, and finds its nearest allies in 
certain tropical species. 

Trombidium granulatum, nv. sp.—Bright blood red, the legs are 
clothed with scale-like hairs, those on the basal joints are white, elsewhere 
they are red, except on the apical joint of leg I., which is mostly white ; 
the palpi and mouth-parts are mostly white, but reddish toward the tip. 
The body is covered above with rounded elevated granules, subequal in 
size and height ; on the under side they are more scarce and there are 
some short red hairs. ‘The body is hardly twice as long as broad, 
broadest at humeri, slightly constricted over base of the third legs, and 
broadly rounded behind; the dorsal outline at juncture of head and 
abdomen shows very little depression; on the cephalic part there is a 
median grove, and each side are two sessile eyes. The legs are short 
and stout, the last joint of leg I. is somewhat swollen, and plainly longer 
than the preceding joint ; on the median joints of legs I. and II. there are 
above smooth stripes, where there are few hairs. The hind legs reach 
considerably beyond end of abdomen, the last joint 1s not swollen and is 
about equal to the penultimate. The genital opening is circular, and 
pale ; the anal opening is elongate. The palpi are short, the second 
joint much swollen; the thumb is clavate, and barely passes the stout 
claw. Length, 1.8 mm. 

A few specimens from Ft. Lee, New Jersey. This species, by its 
granular covering, is closely allied to the European Z? sanguineum, Koch. 
In that species, however, the thumb of palpus is not clavate, but pointed, 
the last joint of leg I. is more swollen, the hind legs are rather shorter, 
and the bases of the legs are not pale in colour. 


Ammonia Americana, n. sp. (Fig. 5).—Rather brownish yellow, with 
a red mark each side (in alcohol these are lost), and a reddish stripe 
behind, legs and palpi paler. The mandibles are short, less than the 
length of the cephalothorax, with two bristles each side; palpi short, 
second joint about three times as long as broad, third indistinctly 
separated from the second, about as long as broad, fourth scarcely longer 


12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 











than broad, fifth about one and one-half times as long as broad at tip, 
with two long hairs at tip, the outer one more than twice as long as joint ; 
body almost twice as long as broad, sides (beyond eyes) sub-parallel, 
broadly rounded behind ; two eyes each side, and near them a long seta ; 
two setz in front and two on middle of the cephalothorax ; on anterior 
margin of the cephalothorax is a single black quadrangular mark with a 
white circle in it. Length, .75 mm. Washington, D.C. (March.) 
Specimens were taken on wet ground under stones and among short 
grass ; it is the first species of the genus that I have seen from America. 


Lotophallus dorsalis, n. sp.—Black ; legs red; a large elongate red 
spot on the posterior median dorsum, containing the anal opening; a 
large eye each side on the anterior portion; some scattered short hairs 
above. Legs short, first pair scarcely longer than the body, fourth pair 
shorter than the body. Genital opening large, elliptical, divided longi- 
tudinally ; palpi short, red. Length, .8 mm. 

A few specimens taken at Washington, D.C., in the early spring; 
on ground under stones and sticks. It is the first record of the genus in 
this country; a genus differing from all our other Eupodide in having the 
anal opening on the dorsum. 

Cheyletus clavispinus, 0. sp.—Body pale reddish or yellowish, fading 
out in alcohol. Body somewhat quadrangular, corners rounded, about 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 173 


one-fourth longer than broad; above on each side with two rows of about 
seven or eight long clavate and finely serrate bristles, one row is lateral, 
and one submedian ; at the tip there are two long bristles and two shorter 
intermediate ones; the palpi are short and stout, outwardly geniculate, 
bearing above two prominent clavate hairs, last joint with a slender curved 
claw and with the usual serrate organ ; first legs as long as body, tarsus 
slender, tipped with two hairs longer than the joint itself, penultimate 
joint with two clavate hairs above and two moderately long simple hairs 
at the tip ; a few clavate hairs on the other joints; other legs with a few 
clavate hairs on the joints except the tarsi; fourth legs about as long as 
the body ; venter with a few scattered simple hairs. Length, .6 mm. 
Specimens were received from Dr. Blatchley, who took them from 
beneath the wings of an Avadus found near Indianapolis, Indiana. A 


European species has also been recorded as found on Aradus; but it 1s 
different from ours. 





Pteroptus Americanus, n. sp. (Fig. 6).—Pale yellowish. Body about 
one and one-half times as long as broad; truncate in front, broadest just 
behind the second pair of legs, thence tapering to an almost acute tip ; 
shield nearly as large as the dorsum, leaving a narrow margin all around, 
broader on the aoe than in front; peritreme situate over the third coxe, 


174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








arcuate; dorsal shield plainly granulate, and provided with a few 
scattered, short hairs; legs short and heavy, with rather long tarsi, 
terminating in the usual two claws and swollen pad, the basal joints with 
a number of stout bristles, most of them longer than the diameter of the 
joints. Palpi quite long, divergent. On the front of the body are seen 
four parailel lines, reaching back a short distance. Length, 1 mm. 

From a bat in a cave in Indiana (Blatchley). Nearest to P. euryalis 
of Europe, but with a longer body, more granulate shield, and more 
slender tarsi. The truncate anterior margin is also peculiar. This is, I 
believe, the first time the genus has been recorded from this country. 

Liroaspis, n. gen.—A Gamasid, probably related to Lercon. The 
genital opening is in front of sternal plate; the dorsal shield is divided 
into six pieces, a large piece in front, a smaller piece near tip, and four 
small median pieces arranged in a quadrangle. The claws are all very 
weak, especially so in the front legs. The peritreme runs along above 
the coxze for a considerable distance. The body is broad, and rather 
flat; behind emarginate and tipped with four spine-like bristles. The 
anal opening is small and near tip of body. Type Z. Americana, n. sp. 

I also refer to this genus the Seis acanthurus, Can., described from 
Australia, and also recorded from Italy. Berlese puts it in Lercon, 
which, however, is distinct by the short peritreme, etc. 





Fic. 7. 


Liroaspis Americana, n. sp. (Fig. 7).—Yellowish throughout. Body 
a little more than one and one-half times as long as broad, about as broad 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17d 





in front as behind, broadest in middle, sides evenly convex, each 
posterior angle prolonged into a spinelike process tipped with a long 
stout bristle. They are slightly divergent, and between them are two 
long stout bristles arising f.om the hind edge of the body. ‘The anterior 
margin of the body is rounded, and prominent in the middle, and bears 
two submedian bristles. The dorsal surface of the body is scantily 
clothed with short curved bristles, and there is a row of bristles along 
each side-margin. There are six shields on the dorsum; in front is a 
large trapezoidal piece containing a paler central figure, from the anterior 
angle of this trapezoid a curved line extends backward and reaches the 
side-margin before the middle. Behind this large piece are four 
submedian pieces, the anterior pair longer than the posterior pair, and 
fully their diameter apart. Behind there is a median semicircular piece, 
the convexity behind. The legs are all shorter than the body and with 
many bristles. Length, 1.5 mm. 

Specimens from Olympia, Washington, and from St. Croix Falls, 
Wisconsin. A remarkable and interesting species, evidently confined to 
northern localities. 

Hoploderma granulata, n. sp.—Pale yellowish brown. Dorsum as 
high as broad, evenly convex above; about one and two-thirds times as long 
as broad, broadly rounded in front and behind, broadest in middle, its 
surface quite coarsely but evenly granulate, and provided with about 
twenty erect bristles, mostly situate around the margin, nearly all rather 
thick and blunt-pointed. Cephalothorax about once and one-third longer 
than broad, broadly rounded in front, finely granulate and with two long 
superior bristles. Ventral openings subequal in size, each about as 
broad as long; the anal one slightly indented behind; sete quite long 
arcuate. Length, .6 mm. 

Three specimens from Ottawa, Canada (Harrington). Distinct by 
elongate form and granulate dorsum. 

Gymnobates, n. gen.—Tarsi with three equal claws; abdomen 
provided with wings, with an extension forward over the basal part of the 
cephalothorax. Tarsi broad at tips. Sete short, capitate. The coxe 
marginal. Sternum divided by two transverse lines. Ventral openings 
far apart. Type G. glaber. 

Differs from Oribates in the tarsi being broad at tip, and the 
abdomen extending over the cephalothorax. 


L7G. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Fic. 8. 


Gymnobates glaber, n. sp. (Fig. 8).—Pale yellowish brown. Cephalo- 
thorax smooth; about twice as long as broad, tapering in front, its basal half 
covered by an extension of the dorsum of abdomen ; from each anterior 
corner of this extension is a long, stout bristle; on the cephalothorax toward 
tip is a bristle each side. Abdomen smooth; exclusive of wings, it is 
about one and three-fourths times as long as broad, broadly rounded 
behind ; with six bristles above, two at base, two toward tip, and two on 
hind margin. On each side of dorsum is a slender wing, broadest in 
front, with four or five bristles above, three of them in front. Sete short, 
capitate. Legs rather short, the second pair largest, joints sub-fusiform, 
tarsi broad at tip, the tibia with a long hair at tip above. A lamella 
behind coxa I. Genital opening nearly circular, nearly twice its diameter 


from the much larger anal opening, the latter sub-elliptical and emarginate 
in front. Length, .45 mm. 


One specimen taken from a dry gall, at Washington, D. C. 

Trichotarsus osmice, Dufour.—I have taken specimens of a species 
of Zrichotarsus from a species of Osmia, at Sea Chiff, N. Y., which 
appears to agree in all particulars with this European species. It is, of 
course, possible that when the adult females of these forms are known, 
they may present differences. This species differs from the more common 
T. xylocope im having two claws at tips of tarsi I., II. and IIL. 

Trichotarsus xylocopa, Dufour.—Prof. H. Osborn has recorded this 
species as taken from a Californian Xy/ocopa, and sent him by Mr. 
Coquillett, [t is a common European species, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1 ia 





ON THE GENUS LECANIUM. 


BY MRS. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 


In the preparation of my Catalogue of the Coccide I was not able to 
find where Illiger had proposed or described the genus Lecanium, 
although Burmeister in his Handbook of Entomology, Vol. II., p. 
69 (1835), used this genus, giving Illiger as the authority. Bur- 
meister described the genus and placed under it /esperizdum, 
Linn., and several other species. My husband, Prof. C. H. Fernald, 
wrote to Mr. Theodore Pergande, inquiring if he could give me any 
information whether Illiger had really published this genus, and if so 
where it could be found. Mr. Pergande has sent the following letter in 
reply, and has consented to have it published : 

“« My dear Professor,—In accordance with my promise of December 
9, Igor, regarding the authority for the genus Zecanzuwm, I wrote to Dr. 
K. Mobius, Director of the Zoological Museum of Berlin, Germany, for 
inforination on this point, and received lately from Dr. Th. Kuhlgatz, 
Assistant in the Museum, the following answer : 

“¢Tn answer to your request, I inform you herewith that the generic 
name Lecanium, Uliger, in Burmeister’s Handbook, Vol. II., was 
doubtless the first publication of this name; a name which Illiger, prior 
to Burmeister’s publication, had either written on some label or used in 
some manuscript which was never published. 

““*At any rate, I have failed to find anything in the literature 
pertaining to this genus, which would justify us to accept Illiger as the 
author. 

“¢ JT wish to call your attention to the fact that Burmeister frequently 
credited the authorship for specimens to someone else, notwithstanding 
that the first publication of such species was made by himself. 

“*Wor instance, he credited the authorship of Colobatristes macronatus, 
Handbuch II., p. 325, which was described by him for the first time, not 
to himself, but to Klug. The label of the type in the Berlin Museum 
explains it fully. The label shows neither the name of Burmeister nor of 
Klug, as being the author, but simply “‘N,” behind the name of the 


178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





species. ‘‘N” means simply, ‘Nomen in litteris,” which Klug himself 
added to the specific name, to indicate that thus far this name was only 
used privately and did not yet exist in print. Burmeister adopted this 
name later for this species and described it for the first time, retaining 
the manuscript name and cited Klug as the author, though surely 
wrongly, of which Burmeister, as is universally acknowledged, is the 
author. 

‘“** As far as | have been able to see, the original label for the genus 
Lecanium has not been preserved in the Berlin Museum.’ 

“Tn the hope that this communication will straighten the matter, I 
remain, Most sincerely yours, 

‘““ THEO. PERGANDE.” 


Dr. O. G. Costa published his Nuove Osservazioni intorno alle 
Cocciniglie in the Atti del R. Instit. d’Incorrag., Vol. VL, pp. 31-52. 
This volume bears the date 1840 on the title page, but as Vol. V. is 
dated 1834, and as the separatum, which is exactly like the above-named 
paper except in pagination, bears the date 1835, it is quite certain that 
the first part of Vol. VI. was also published in 1835. Dr. Hagen was in 
error In giving 1828 as the date of this paper. 

Costa in his Fauna del Regno di Napoli Emitteri divides the 
Coccide into three genera, as follows: Genus Cadppticus with hesperidum, — 
Linn., and spumosus, levis, aterrimus, radiatus, testudineus and fasciatus 
of Costa. The first species, Aesperzdum, Linn., may be regarded as the 
type. 

There is some doubt as to the exact date of publication of the 
Coccidz in this work, but Hagen gives the date of the entire work 1832- 
1858. The Coccide of the Fauna is referred to in the Nuove 
Osservazioni, several times in such a way as to lead me to believe that it 
was published before 1835, and therefore Zecaniwm, which dates only 
from 1835, is preoccupied by Ca/yfticus, Costa. 

There is another work by Costa which I have not yet been able to 
see. This is his Prospetti di una nuova descrizione metodica del genera 
Coccus L., published in Naples in 1828. From a reference to this in the 
Fauna del Regno di Napoli, I infer that he proposed generic names 
which he changed in his later works. Whether these names were 
established in such a way that they may be used to the exclusion of the 
later ones, I have not yet been able to learn. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179 





A RECENTLY DISCOVERED GENUS AND SPECIES OF 
AQUATIC HYMENOPTERA. 


BY J. CHESTER BRADLEY, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


In the Annales Soc. Ent. de France, LXIX., ps ig 1,, &. Marchal 
publishes an article entitled ‘Sur un uouvel Hymenoptere aquatique, le 
Limnodytes gerriphagus, n. gen., D. sp.” 

Mr. Marchal is to be complimented on his discovery and observa- 
tion of the habits of this very interesting insect, but it is deeply to be 
regretted that the generic name which he has chosen is preoccupied, 
hence it becomes necessary to change it, and desirable to do so at once, 
before it becomes widely known. The name Limnodytes was employed 
by Dumeril and Bibron in their “Erpétologie générale,’ Vol. VIII., 
1841, p. 510, for a genus of salamanders, hence I propose in its place the 
term TIPHODYTES, nov. name. 

In this connection I may apropos make a few remarks, gathered from 
Marchal’s paper, concerning the habits and relations of this insect. 

Metchnikoff, and after him Ganin, mentioned finding an unknown 
species of Zéeleas as a parasite on the eggs of Gerris (Hemiptera- 
Heteroptera). Marchal found the present species during the month of 
May, in the pond of Trivaux, Meudon, near Paris, also parasitizing the 
eggs of Gerris, but he considers it distinct, although closely related to the 
one found by Metchnikoff and Ganin. On the 12th of May he collected 
eggs which were animated with the larve of the parasite. These eggs 
were always arranged along the lower surface of Potamogeton leaves. 
The larvee differed from those figured by Ganin in the arrangement of the 
hair and brevity of the caudal cornus. In June, four female and two male 
adults hatched, and these used their wings for swimming in any direction 
through the water, with a leisurely movement. When they came to the 
surface they had to make an effort to pass through it into the air, where 
they readily took flight. Likewise, in entering the water the insect bent 
its head forward and made a visible effort to conquer the resistance 
offered by the surface film, unless it entered on the edge of a projecting 
leaf or twig. 

My excuse for entering at length here into an abstract and discussion 
of Marchal’s article is because aquatic examples of the Hymenoptera are 
very few, and the fact that winged adults of such an order should enter and 
swim in the water must interest many entomologists who will never see the 
original article. 


180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Amongst those already known may be mentioned Agriotypus armatus, 
Walker, which is confined (as are the others) to the European fauna, and 
has been observed swimming beneath the water, being parasitic on the 
larve of various Trichoptera. It forms a family of its own, probably 
related most closely to the Ichneumonide. /o/ynema natans belongs 
to the Mymaringe (Proctotrypidz), and resembles in method of swimming 
Marchal’s species, but its wings are somewhat abortive, and it is thought 
that it cannot fly well. It is parasitic on the eggs of Calopteryx. Lastly, 
Prestivichia aquatica, said to be a Chalcid, is parasitic on the eggs of 
Notonectus and Dytiscus, as observed by Lubbock and Enoch, and swims 
with its legs instead of its wings. 

Marchal places his genus within the Proctotrypide, subfamily 
Scelionine, close to the genus Zhoron. For its characters I must 
refer the reader to the original memoir. 

So far as I know, aquatic Hymenoptera are as yet unknown to the 
American fauna. But there should be—at least, it is quite likely that there 
may be—some species which has adopted an aquatic life here as wel! as in 
Europe. Who will be the first to find one? 








TWO NEW SILPHIDA! FROM COLORADO. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 

Silpha Coloradensis, n. sp.—Form of znegualis, but more elongate, 
black, except the tip of the abdomen, which is orange-rufous ; above 
clothed with short black hairs. Head densely punctate, the punctures 
regular over the greater part of the surface, those in front of the 
inter-antennal line smaller and less distinct; occipital transverse 
impression deep; labrum short, broadly emarginate; antenne black, 
club four-jointed, the last three joints pubescent, the terminal one longer, 
compressed, tip sinuately rounded. Thorax about one and one-half times 
as broad as long, narrowed anteriorly, sides broadly arcuate in front, 
more suddenly so behind, basal lobe slightly and very broadly emarginate. 
Surface somewhat irregular, densely and very regularly punctate, sides 
somewhat flattened. Scutellum slightly concave, densely punctured. 
Elytra as wide as the thorax and fully twice as long, the sides nearly 
parallel, outer margins distinctly reflexed, apices conjointly rounded, but 
sinuate externally, punctuation less dense than that of the thorax, each 
puncture with a recumbent hair. Disk flat, more suddenly declivous at 
sides than in zz@gua/is, each elytron with three coste, the outer of which 
is much the best marked, being high, acute, not terminating opposite the 


— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181 


tuberosity, but suddenly bent inward at this point; the middle costa 
passes through the tuberosity, is almost obliterated except at tip, and 
very nearly reaches the apical margin ; the inner costa distinct only near 
the tip, also nearly attaining the apex; tuberosity high. Body beneath 
shining, scabro-punctate, hairy, the hairs longer and paler on the 
metathorax sclerites, those on the last two abdominal segments and on 
the hind margin of the one preceding, orange. Length from anterior 
margin of thorax to apex of elytra, 11 mm. 

The type is a male from the vicinity of the Argentine Pass, near 
Georgetown, Colorado, having been taken at an altitude of over 12,000 
feet. The anterior tarsi are moderately broadly dilated, while the hind 
tibiz are straight and without hook at tip. It may possibly be a 
subspecies of ¢rztuberculata, to which it is evidently more closely allied 
than to any other species in our fauna. 

Colon Liebecki, n. sp.—Oval, more pointed behind, moderately 
convex, brown, elytra and under surface paler, legs and base of antennz 
rufous ; pubescence yellowish, not obscuring the surface colour. Head 
cribrately punctured, each puncture bearing a hair, Antennal club 
five-jointed, brownish, the last four joints very broad; scape rufous. 
Prothorax broadest a little in front of the base, narrowed to apex, sides 
arcuate, hind angles quite broadly rounded, surface finely punctured, 
pubescent. Elytra a trifle narrower than the thorax, broadest in front of 
the middle, gently narrowed behind, the sides slightly arcuate, punctuation 
about as on thorax, sutural stria entire but faint. Under surface of body 
moderately punctured, pubescent. Length, 1.8 mm. 


ENG 9: 


In the male, the anterior tibia are arcuate, the outline of the inner 
edge might almost be called sub-angulate (see figure 9), the front tarsi are 
moderately dilated, the middle and hind tibi straight, the posterior 
femora with a small tooth near the middle ; in the female the tarsi are not 
dilated, the tibize straight and the hind femora without tooth. 

Collected at Breckenridge, Colorado, in July. This species seems 
most closely related to C. dentatum, Vec., but is distinct by the male 
characters, 





182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NOTE ON THE LARV4 OF PENTAINA HEBESANA, WALK. 
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, OTTAWA. 


During the winter of 1900-1901 the larve of this pretty Grapholithid 
were rather abundant at Ottawa, hibernating in the heads of mullein ( Ver- 
bascum thapsus}. Full-grown specimens were collected by the writer and 
Mr. C. H. Young in April, which pupated in the office on and about the 
25th April, the first moths appearing on the 11th May, and the last 
specimen emerging on the 22nd May. 

These larve were found in the seed-pods, and had been feeding on 
the seeds ; numbers were present in the same head. As far as the writer 
knows, this is the first record, at least in Canada, of the caterpillars 
feeding on mullein. Dr. Howard writes that Mr. Coquillett has reared 
the species from Stachys palustris, and Mr. Chittenden from a species of 
flag. He adds: “It evidently has several food-plants, and sometimes it 
does injury to plants after they have been pressed for the herbarium.” 

When mature the larva is 8.5 mm. in length, at rest ; when extended, 
ro.5 mm. ‘The head is 1.0 mm. wide, jet black, smaller than segment 2, 
rounded, flattened in front, furrowed at apex; clypeus high; sete pale, 
darkened towards base, some of the hairs long and some short ; mouth- 
parts brownish; antennz pale,darkened towards tips, pale at tips. Cervical 
shield shiny, not so black as head, anterior portion slightly reddish, the 
whole divided by a pale line. Body plump, cylindrical, dull copper colour, 
with a faint dark dorsal stripe. Skin finely pitted. Spiracles inconspicu- 
ous, ringed with black. Each segment has one distinct crease. Tubercles 
rather faint, same colour as body, setze pale ; hair from tubercle i. short, 
from il. long ; tubercle i. anterior to i, ili. in a line with 11. Anal plate 
blackish. ‘Thoracic feet shiny jet black ; prolegs concolorous with body. 

On the 24th March, 1g02, two larve were found in the seed-pods of 
the above plant, but neither of these showed any trace of a dorsal stripe, 
and their colour was more of a dull red, not so bright as those from 
which the above description was taken. ‘These two specimens were in- 
side a thin cocoon of white silk, where they were doubtless awaiting the 
return of warm weather before pupating. More larve were collected 
early in May, one of which was of a dull greenish shade, with the faint 
dark dorsal stripe, hardly traceable on some segments. 

I am indebted, througn Dr. Fletcher, to Dr. Dyar for the determi- 
nation of this species, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 188 


SOME GALL-INSECTS. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M. 
Cynipidea. 

Flolcaspis Arizonica, n. sp.—Gall globular, 9 mm. diam., pale 
ochreous, not shiny, attached to the base of the petiole of a leaf of 
Quercus Arizonica, Sargent. ‘There is a projecting point next to the 
place of insertion. Within, the gall is brown, fibrous, moderately dense, 
at least dithalamous. 

Fly emerging April 19, two females. Body 314 mm. long, wings 373 
mni.; antenne 2 mm.,15-jointed, joint 3 considerably the longest. Length 
of joints in p: (3.) 360, (4.) 240, (5.) 200, (15.) 170. The joints, especially 
the apical ones, with fine longitudinal ridges, between which are rows of 
minute punctures. Head ferruginous; thorax and abdomen piceous ; 
margins of mesothorax, and two spots on scutellum, dull ferruginous ; legs 
bright ferruginous ; anterior tibiz with an apical projection ; anterior 
tibial spurs bent ; claws of all the legs falciform, with a large triangular 
basal tooth. Outer parapsidal grooves failing anteriorly. Scutellum a 
large rounded hairy eminence, without grooves. Sides of thorax, and 
abdomen except upper basal portion, with much glittering white hair. 
Abdomen with a short ferruginous hairy projection beneath ; ovipositor 
not visible. Naked portion of abdomen smooth and _ polished, hairy 
portion minutely tessellate, with a tendency to oblique grooves, only 
visible with a compound microscope. Wings strongly clouded on apical 
half, nervures piceous, areolet present. 

Hab.—Prescott, Arizona, 1902. Collected by the writer. Closely 
related to Cynips sulcatus, Ashmead, but differs by its much darker 
colour and infuscated wings. It seems to go best in /o/casfis. 

Cecidomytide. 

Lasioptera carbonitens, n. sp.—Gall shaped something like a long 
onion bulb, consisting of an aborted shoot of a grass not identified. The 
gall is entirely similar to that on Brachypodium silvaticum, figured by 
_Riibsaamen in Ent. Mach., XXI. (1895), p. 16. Fly emerged April 2r. 

Q. Shining coal-black ; red patches at bases of wings ; bases of all 
the femora, but especially the hind ones, pallid with a reddish tint ; 
halteres pale reddish, shining ; head small ; antennee short, 2 + 16 jointed; 
abdomen wholly without spots; ovipositor retractile; wings hyaline, 
iridescent, with black hairs and heavily-scaled black margins ; closed 
wings reaching about to end of abdomen, Length a little over 2 mm., 
wings 144 mm. 

Hab.—Las Valles, N. M., near the Gallinas River, 1902. 








184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Lastoptera ephedricola, n. sp.—Gall a resinous elongate lateral brown 
swelling of a twig of Hphedra trifurca. Flies emerge second week of 
March. 

g. Similar to Z. ephedra, but abdomen with basal and apical white 
bands on the fifth segment, but otherwise hardly banded. Legs dark 
brown. Costa without a white spot. @. Costa black, with a white 
mark ; thorax with three black vitte joined in front ; abdomen with ten 
white spots. Antenne: g, 2418 jointed; 9, 2+ 20 jointed. 

The anchor-process of the larva resembles that figured by Ribsaamen, 
in Bull. Soc. Nat., Moscow, 1895, Plate XVI, Fig. 25, but it differs in 
detail, being broader and shorter, with the two processes of the head only 
about half as long, and at least twice as far apart. The sides of the head 
are also much more bulging. (The anchor-process of Lasioptera Willistoni 
differs from both of these in having a large quadrate elevation between the 
processes. ) 

Hab.—Mesilla Park, N. M., 1900. 

Cecidomyia, n. sp.—Galls on Lycium Torreyi. 9. Eyes united on 
vertex ; antennze 2+15 jointed; head and thoracic dorsum very dark 
brown, abdomen mostly crimson; legs and antennz very dark brown. 
Mesilla Park, N. M. 

Cecidomyia, 0. sp.—In dry stems of Amarantus Palmeri, not forming 
a distinct gall. Larva orange; anchor-process with the head terminating 
in two large sharp teeth, and the sides of the head produced into long 
sharp teeth. Adult unknown. Mesilla Park, N. M. 


BOOK NOTICE. 


FossILE SCHMETTERLINGE UND DER SCHMETTERLINGSFLUGEL, by A. 
Radcliffe Grote. Verhandl. der K. K. Zool.-bot. Gesellschaft in Wien, 
Heft 9, Jahrgang, tgor. With figure in text. 





The author alludes to a general difficulty in tracing descent, arising 
out of the movements of animals. The butterflies had a special cause for 
such shifting of territory at the time of the glacial epochs ; as previously 
shown by the author before the Am. Ass. Adv. Sci. in 1875, the effect of 
these migrations may be traced in the geographical distribution of 
(Eneis semidea at the present time. Not only the obscurity of the fossil 
remains of Lepidoptera, but a want of detailed knowledge of the neuration 
itself, made the earlier determinations uncertain ; the wings are often the 
best preserved portions of fossil specimens and thus the importance of 
their close study becomes obvious, The author recapitulates his 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 





principal results in the specialization of the lepidopterous wing (1896- 
Igoo) and claims that by applying these tests in connection with 
the zoological principle of convergence (previously very generally 
neglected by writers on the Lepidoptera) he has been able to give 
a clearer picture of the development of the butterflies and a firmer, 
more natural classification than any offered by others. ‘The preface to 
the new Palearctic Catalogue, by Staudinger and Rebel, recognizes this 
fact, saying that “for the retention of the Papilionids at the beginning of 
the Rhopalocera, and for the arrangement of this group altogether, 
Grote’s recent phylogenetic studies are authoritative” (l.c., p. X.). By 
showing from his wing-studies, a parallelism in development of the two 
main lines he separates in the butterflies, the author believes he has 
terminated the controversy as to whether the Papilionids or Nymphalids 
are “highest.” In demonstrating that the Pap/ionides are a closed, the 
Hesperiades an open, group to the moths, the sequences adopted among 
others by Hubner, H.-S., Meyrick, Hampson, Scudder, Reuter and the 
Philadelphia List* are invalidated. We were, indeed, ‘‘familiar,” as 
recently stated in print, with the commencement by /af7/io in catalogues, 
as Well as in works of Linné, Fabricius, Boisduval, W. H. Edwards, etc., 
but we were of previously “familiar” with its proper reason, which it is 
the aim of science to expose. It will be more correct, however, in 
future to inaugurate the Papilionid series with Parzassius, this showing 
the most specialized structure. The Papilionid forms which mimic 
Nymphalids, and they are many, are younger than the forms they copy. 
The author has shown that in the Pieri-Nymphalid stem, the Pierids 
are the ascending and neurationally more advanced group, while in the 
Lyczeni-Hesperids, belonging to the same main line, the Blues take up 
the corresponding position. A synthetic type has been detected by the 
author in Vemeobius, proving the identity of the line itself. In the first 
main line, that of the Papilionides, the Parnassians are the more 
advanced and presumably the more modern group, while Ovz7thoptera, 
contrary to received opinion, has proved to be the more generalized form 
(cf. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Oct., 1899). The present paper under review 
elucidates some discrepancies in nomenclature between the new Catalogue 
and the final results of the author on the classification of the butterflies as 








*“T)r, Skinner has placed the Nymphalidse at the head of the Rhopalocera, and, in 
my opinion, correctly so,”-—Ed. Phil. Check List. The list commences with the 
Limnads, which are generalized forms, of which fact neither Dr. Skinner or the editor 
seem to have been aware. 


186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





given in the second part of the Syst. Lep. Hild., published April 19, 
1900. It is probable that but for these publications the new Catalogue 
would have begun with the Nymphalide. 

A discussion of the homology of the second radial branch in the 
Pierids with reduced radius follows the author’s expressed preference for 
the amended Redtenbacher-Comstock system of notation for the veins. 
According to Spuler, the second radial branch in vers should be 
notated 2+ 3, but a fusion of these branches is not demonstrated in the 
pupal wing. Grote’s theory of the movement of the radial branches is, 
that they pass off by the tip of the wing. ‘This is true especially for 2 to 
5. Now, in Péeris the second radial remains in its original generalized 
position, near Rr, above the cell. It does not seem probable that R3 
could ever move backwards to fuse with R2. The reduced radius of 
Pieris receives compensatory mechananical support through the advance 
here of the first median branch from below. In the Nymphalids, where 
the radius is never reduced and remains in a generalized five-branched 
condition, the upward movement of the median branches is stayed. 

The paper closes with a bref summary of the fossil remains of 
Lepidoptera published. ‘These remains, though too few to be decisive, 
favour the author’s view, as to the butterflies, that the Nymphalids and 
Hesperians represent older groups of the line to which they belong. 
The nearer relation between the two has been made evident by the 
author’s discovery of the ‘‘long fork” in Charaxes (c. f. Proc. Am. Phil. 
Soc., 1898, 39), which indicates the way in which a wing of the Hesperid 
type may have passed into one of the type of wing shown by the brush- 
footed butterflies. A resemblance is shown also in the generalized radius 
and the consequent unwillingness of the median branches to leave the 
cross-vein. All these observations tend to support a mechanical source for 
the changes in the neuration, 

The author considers the Lepidoptera to be a relatively younger 
branch of the insects. The possible conclusion to be drawn from their 
fossil remains is, that from Tineid-like forms existing in the middle period 
of the earth’s history there was a rapid development in the Tertiaries, 
where we meet with butterflies already quite like the Nymphalids and 
Skippers of the present day. The meagreness of the material precludes 
the formation of any final opinion.— Communicated. 





Mailed July 2nd, 1902. 





Che Canadiay Entomologist. 





Wi OTs SOX XG VE: LONDON, AUGUST, 1902. No. 8 











WHATS) A GENUS ?* 
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL. 

This question is one that it is extremely difficult to answer satisfac- 
torily. 

The great naturalist, Agassiz, in his Essay on Classification, wrote : 
“Genera are most closely allied groups of animals differing * * * * 
simply in the ultimate structural peculiarities of some of their parts.” 

The Century Dictionary defines genus as ‘a classificatory group 
ranking next above the species, containing a group of species ‘sometimes 
a single species) possessing certain structural characters different from 
those of any others.” It goes on, however, to say: “The value assigned 
to a genus is wholly arbitrary —that is, it is entirely a matter of opinion 
or current usage what characters shall be considered generic and thus 
constitute a genus; and genera are constantly modified and shifted 
by specialists, the tendency being mostly to restriction of genera, with 
the constant multiplication of their numbers, and the coinage of new 
generic names. A genus has no natural, much less necessary, definition, 
its meaning being at best a matter of expert opinion; and the same is true 
of the species, family, order, class, etc.” 

It will doubtless be readily granted, however much we may differ as 
to generic values, that at least all the individuals of the same species 
should belong to the same genus, but this, unfortunately, is not always 
the case, as some species vary sufficiently in structure to run into two or 
more genera, as these are frequently defined. 

Having had the good or bad fortune to find about the middle of 
August, 1898, a mature larva closely resembling that of £. Oregonensis, 
though differing in colour, from which I bred on rst of April, 1899, a 
moth so closely resembling 2. g/et that probably 99 men out of a 100 





*Read before the Montreal Branch, 13th May, 1902. 


tThe question whether the generic name Euchetes, proposed by Harris, or 
Eucheetias, proposed by me, should be used for the genus of which this moth is the 
type, I am willing to leave to the principal authorities on such matters to decide, but 
wish to say what I perhaps did not make sufficiently clear in my note on page 52 
(correcting my error in regard to the name I proposed for a genus in the Coleoptera), 
that in giving Mr. Henshaw’s views upon the subject, as conveyed to me by letter, I did 
not mean it to be inferred that I accepted or concurred in them. 


188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








would pronounce it to be that species, I naturally became very much 
interested. 

I carried the moth with me to Washington, where it was carefully 
examined by Dr. Dyar, who pronounced that it belonged to the genus 
Pygarctia, as it had an accessory cell. 

Before venturing to describe it, I determined to obtain as many 
of the species of the group as possible, and through the kindness of Mrs. 
Slosson was able to add a specimen of Pygarctia Abdominalis to my 
collection, and obtained by purchase several other species. 

In Neumoegen and Dyar’s “ Preliminary Revision of the Bombyces 
of America north of Mexico,” publisked in 1893—94*, all the moths for 
which the name Euchetes had been used were embraced in Hiibner’s 
genus Cycnia, which that author had also used for Hyphantria Cunea, 
but in September, 1897, Dr. Dyar published in the CaNnapran 
Enromo.ocist “A Generic Revision of the Hipocritide (Arctiide),” in 
which the moths in question were divided into three genera, Cycnia 
characterized as having “‘ veins 7 to ro of primaries stalked,” Pygarctia 
with “accessory cell present,” and Euchtes ‘accessory cell absent,” 
and in the list of: genera and species these moths were distributed 
among these three genera as follows : 


Cycnia, Hiibn. scepsiformis, Graef, 
tenera, Hubn. albicosta, Walk. 
sciurus, Boisd. 
insulata, Walk. 

PyGarcria, Grote. 
abdominatlis, Grote. 
vivida, Grote. 
murina, Stretch. 


EucHATES, Harris. 
egle, Dru. 
eglenensis, Clemens. 
Oregonensis, Stretch. 
perlevis, Grote. 


Bolter, H. Edw. Spaguel, Grote. 
elegans, Stretch. zonazis, Grote. 


When, however, I came to study the venation for myself, I got into 
difficulties at once, as I found that while Zezera had the veins 7-1¢ 
stalked as described, Aédominadis had no accessory cell, while Zg/e had 
it. I therefore immediately wrote to Dr. Dyar, who admitted that he had 





* Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., I.-II. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 





evidently made an accidental transposition when first looking up the 
characters, and kindly sent me the results of his examination of the 


species as represented in the National Museum, as follows: 


CYCNIA 
tenera no cell 
SClurUs no cell 
cadaverosa no cell 
PYGARCTIA. 
abdominals no cell 
vivida (not in collection) 
murina cell 
elegans cell 
scepsiformis cell 
Bolterit cell 
EUCHATES. 
egle cell 
eglenensts no cell 
pudens no cell 
Oregonensis no cell 
perlevis no cell 
Spaguet no cell 
zonalis (not in collection) 


and suggested my transferring A/urina, Eleguns, Scepsiformis and Bolteri 
to Euchetes, and Eg/enensis, Pudens, Oregonensis, Perlevis and Spraguet 
to Pygarctia. But when I came to examine my series of Ae/e, and found 
such an extraordinary range of variation bothas to the presence or absence 
of the cell, and also as to the venation, I came to doubt whether any of 
these characters were sufficiently constant as to be of generic value. 

I found an occasional specimen lacking the accessory cell, and 
several with it present on one side and absent on the other, as well 
as great variation in the branching of the veins. 

When I had the pleasure of a visit from Dr. Dyar, April 23rd-24th, 
1901, prior to his trip to Colorado, I showed him my series of #g/e, and 
from an examination under a microscope he kindly drew for me the 
sketches from which the accompanying illustrations of venation have 
been prepared. 


190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


= ema - 
Ag. / 








Novres ON ILLUSTRATIONS. 


No. 5.—The wing on the other side has the cell present. 

No. 6.—The wing on the other side has a small cell present. 

The specimens represented in the other figures are approximately? the same on 
both sides. 


From these figures it will be seen how many genera could be founded 
upon a few of my specimens of this common and well-known species. 

When a common species is found to vary greatly in this way, it is 
fair to infer that an examination of an equal number of each of the other 
species in the same genus would probably disclose as surprising 
variations, and it therefore becomes of the highest importance that 
in founding new genera every available specimen should be carefully 
examined to see whether the characters proposed to be used for 
differentiation are sufficiently constant to warrant the erection of a new 
genus upon them, and authors should invariably state the number of 
specimens which they have examined for this purpose. If this were done 
we should have fewer genera, but they would be more satisfactory. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


19a 





Sir George Hampson deals with these species in the third volume of 
his work on the moths of the world as represented in the British Museum, 
but uses a different arrangement from either of those used or suggested by 
Dr. Dyar, dividing them among the three genera, Ammalo, Walk.; Pygarctia, 
Grote, and Euchetes, Harris, which he characterizes according to the fol- 


lowing table : 


GENERA AS USED AND DEFINED BY SIR GEORGE F. HAMPSON, BART. 





Ammalo, Walk. 





Poboscis 

oped. 
Palpi upturned, not 
reaching vertex of 
head, the third joint 
short. 


fully devel- 


Antenne of male bipec- 
tinate,with rather long 
branches, of female 
with short branches. | 


Tibiz with spurs moder- | 
ate. 


Abdomen dorsally 
clothed with rough 
hair at base. | 


Fore wing with veins 


'Fore wing with vein 3 





3, 4, 5 from angle of | 
cell; 6 from upper | 
angle; 7, 8, 9, 10| 
Stalked';"11- free: | 


| 
| 


Hind wing with vein 3/ Hind wing with veins 


from close to angle of 


cell ; 4, 5 from angle; | 


6, 7 from upper angle; 
8 from beyond middle 
of cell. 





Pygarctia, Grote. | 
Proboscis aborted, min- 
ute. 


to just beyond frons. 


Antenne of male bipec- 
tinate, with the 


branches short. | 


Tibie with spurs short, 
fore tibiz with curved 
apical claw. 

Abdomen smoothly 
scaled. 


from close to angle of 
cell; 4,5 from angle; 
6 from upper angle ; | 
7, 8, 9 Stalked; ro, 
11 from cell. | 


a 


a 
4 from angle of cell ;| 
5 from just above} 


angle; 6, 7 from up-| 
per angle; 8 from 
towards end of cell. 








Eucheetes, Harris. 





Proboscis aborted, min- 
ute. 


| Palpi porrect, extending | Palpi porrect to just be- 


yond the frons. 


Antenne bipectinate, 


with moderate 


branches in male, 
with very short 
branches in female. 


Tibie with spurs mod- 
erate. 


> 


d 
from Close to angle of 


Fore wing with vein 


cell; 4,5 from angle; 6 
from upper angle 7,5, 
g stalked; 10, 1£ from 
cell. 

Hind wing with veins 3, 
4, 5 from angle of 
cell; 6, 7 from upper 
angle; 8 from be- 
yond middle of cell. 





192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Leaving out those species not found in America north of Mexico, the 
following is his arrangement : 

AMMALO, Walk. 

Insulata, Walk. (Halesidota),= Pareuchetes Cadaverosa, Grote. 
Tenera, Hiibn., = Sciurus, Boisd. 
Liglenensis, C'em. 
PyGarctTia, Grote. 
Spraguei, Grote. 
Vivida, Grote. 
Abdominalis, Grote. 
Llegans, Stretch, 
EUCHATES, Harris. 
Antica, Wa'k. (Halesidota), = ZonaZis, Grote. 
Albicosta, Walk. (Paragmatobia), = Scepsiformis, Graef. 
Perlevis, Grote. 
Murina, Stretch. 
Bolteri, Stretch. 
figle, Drury. 
Oregonensis, Stretch. 
Pudens, H. Edw. 

It should be noted that the genus Ammalo is not regarded as being 
at all closely related to Pygarctia or Euchetes, but rather very much 
separated from them. It is treated of on pp. 82-86, while Pygarctia is 
described on pp. 415-417, and Euchetes on pp. 417-420. 

Whether a fuller examination of a larger series of these moths would 
not again upset their arrangement and necessitate a new classification, the 
future alone can tell, but I feel very strongly that far too much classifica- 
tory work is done on very insufficient material, and after too superficial a 


study of the material available.* 





*In Ent. News, XIII., 192, reference is made to Psychophora Fasctata, Skinner, 
one specimen of which received by Dr. Dyar was found to agree with the Ni ctuidz in 
venation, while the next one received had the venation typical of the Geometridze, thus 
showing the sometimes unsatisfactory nature of these characters. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193 


A’ NEW COCCID FROM CALIFORNIA AT A VERY HIGH 
ALTITUDE. 


BY EDW. M. EHRHORN, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL. 





Lexeretopus caricis, 0. sp. 

Adult ? salmon pink, shiny, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, 
elongate oval. Legs and antennez light brown. @ secretes a mass of 
cotton all over her body, becoming so dense as to completely envelope 
the entire body, looking more like an elongated Lrdococcus. ‘This 
secretion extends caudad, forming a large egg-sac, which, including the 
whole insect, measures from 4 to 5 mm. Eggs salmon pink. Young 
larve orange colour. Adult 92 after boiling in K. O. H. derm remains 
light brown. Margin beset with fine, short, straight spines, incisions 
having two stout curved spines. There are numerous short conical 
spines scattered over the derm with irregular rows of long fine hairs. 
Anal plates large and thick, each with four short, stout spines. Anal ring 
with six very long, stout hairs, which extend to caudal end of plates. 
Antenne long, slender, tapering, 8-jointed. Joint 3 always longest and 
joint 7 always shortest, each joint with one or more fine hairs, joint 8 
with several long hairs. Formula: 3.4. 5. 8. (1.2.) 6. 7. 

, Tae BZ NAS mene. ee Oe! as 158p 

Measurements of j>ints in w: 40. 40. 100. 55. 60. 32. 28. 48. 

ADs AOim OO! [OOn 50. 0. 24. 24, 
AOAC. “SOvsGOn 40...92- 22. 30. 
AGL Ale LOO GAs 5 22 30.025. AC. 

Legs long and slender. Coxa about half as long as tibia and quite 
stout. Tibia very little longer than femur. Front tarsus two-jointed. 
Tarsal digitules long, fine, knobbed hairs about 56, those of claw stout, 
curved clubs, about 32. Legs not very hairy, trochanter with a long 
sleuder hair. Claw sharply curved. 

Hab.—On stems of Zrisetum subspicatum, (L.) Beauv., and Carex 
Breweri, Boott. Mt. Shasta, above timber line, September 3rd, rgot. 

Note.—I have placed this interesting species in Exe@retopus owing 
to its two-jointed tarsus. The only other species known is &. 
formiceticola, Newst. (The Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. V., p. 204), and differs 
very much from the above species. &. caricis abandons the food-plant 





194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





at maturity and attaches itself to the under side of rocks, where the 2 
makes the ovisac and probably hibernates till spring, when the young 
larvee crawl away in search of food. This is the first Axeretopus found 
in America, and is from the highest altitude at which any Coccid has been 
found, it being above timber line on Mt. Shasta, between 9,o00 and 
10,000 feet. 





A NEW SAWEFLY (“OF THE, GENUS, XYELA: 


BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M. 


Mr. Ashmead has written thus of the Xyelide: ‘The imagoes 
appear very early in the year, or in February, March and April, deposit 
their eggs and then disappear, the consequence being that very few are 
taken, and only a few of the common forms are known.” Of the genus 
Xyela, as now restricted, only one North American species, X. minor, 
Norton, has been described. 

On May rst of the present year, as we were going up to our classes 
in the Normal University at Las Vegas, N. M., my wife picked a small 
insect off my coat. It was at once transferred to the bottle which is 
never absent from the entomologist’s person, and, upon inspection later, 
proved to be a new species of Xye/a, herewith described : 

Xyela luteopicta, n. sp.— &. Length of body about 2% mm.; head 
and thorax variegated with black and bright yellow; abdomen black or 
nearly so above, yellow on venter; legs pale orange; antenne with the 
first three joints reddish-brown, the other (filiform) joints black ; wings 
very large, hyaline and iridescent, nervures black, stigma (very large) 
sepia. Antennz 12-jointed, not hairy; head bright yellow, the occiput, a 
small spot just above level of antenne, lines passing from the antenne to 
the ocelli, the ocellar region, and a broad short longitudinal band on 
each side between the ocelli. and the eyes, black. Thorax yellow 
ventrally; black dorsally, with a large yellow pentagonal area, on which 
are two black spots, a black V pointing anteriorly, and an anterior 
weaker V pointing posteriorly. On one side the wing is abnormal, one 


of the recurrent nervures being obliterated. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 





NEW CYCLORHAPHOUS DIPTERA FROM MEXICO AND 
NEW MEXICO. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


In the course of identifying a series of Diptera received by Dr. L. O. 
Howard, and collected in Mexico and New Mexico by Mr. C. H. T. 
Townsend, a number of new forms were encountered, and as manuscript 
names of these will soon be sent out it is desirable that these forms 
should be duly characterized ; accordingly, the descriptions are presented 
for publication herewith. 

: Family SyYRPHIDA. 

Spilomyta obscura, new species. 

Head black, the face, frontal triangle of male and lower part of front 
of female, prolonged upward along the eyes to a point nearly opposite 
the lowest ocellus, yellow ; antenne yellowish brown, the joints subequal 
in length, arista yellow, mouth-parts black; thorax black, a yellow spot 
on each humerus and a smaller one above it, a vitta extends from each 
postalar callosity obliquely to the suture, where it is prolonged inward as 
a silvery white streak; a pair of oblique yellow spots in front of scutellum, 
a yellow spot on posterior part of mesopleura, one on the sternopleura, 
one above front coxa and a small prominence beneath insertion of wing ; 
scutellum wholly black; abdomen black, a yeilow spot on each side of 
the first segment, an interrupted yellow fascia on anterior part of the 
second, broadly dilated at the sides, a yellow streak in each hind angle of 
this segment, third and fourth segments with a yellow fascia on the front 
part and another on the hind margin, the former interrupted on the third 
segment, sixth segment of female, except the front margin, yellow ; coxz 
black, a yellow spot on outer side of the hind ones: femora yellow, the 
posterior side, except at the ends, black, least extended on the middle 
ones ; tibize yellow, their apices and the tarsi yellowish brown; wings 
hyaline, costal margin to the spurious vein brown; length, 15 to 17 mm. 
A specimen of each sex collected August 27th and September rith. 

 Habitat.—Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio Piedras 
Verdes, altitude about 7,300 feet). 
Type.—Cat. No. 6290, U. S. National Museum. 
Ocypiamus notatus, new species. 

Head black, the face and broad sides of frontal triangle yellow, 
antenne and proboscis black: body black, the prealar and postalar 
callosities, sides of scutellum, except at base, and a pair of circular or 


196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





oval spots on abdominal segments two to four, yellow, the spots on the 
second segment located between the centre and the lateral margin, those 
on the other two segments situated slightly in front of the middle ; 
abdomen widest at base, subopaque, becoming somewhat polished 
posteriorly ; front legs yellowish brown, ends of tibiz and first two joints 
of the tarsi yellow, middle and hind legs black, base of middle tibie, first 
two joints of their tarsi and first three joints of the hind ones, yellow ; 
wings hyaline, tinged with brown along the costa, the base and stigma 
dark brown, the costal cell dark gray; length, r2 mm. Four males 
collected February 24th and March gerd to oth. 

Habitat.—Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6291, U.S. N. M. 


Lycastrirhyncha Willistont, new species. 

Head black, with a slight bluish tinge, front thinly gray pruinose, 
crossed at middle by a velvet black fascia prolonged backward in the 
middle and at each end, a transverse row of four velvet black spots on 
vertex; face on upper part and the sides yellowish-gray pruinose, 
prolonged on sides of snout almost to its middle; antennz reddish yellow; 
eyes sparsely long haired on the upper part; body black, slightly tinged 
with bronze, thinly gray pruinose; mesonotum marked with three velvet 
black vitte, the median one complex, the lateral ones interrupted at the 
suture, behind which they are double; scutellum velvet black on basal 
half, second and third segments of abdomen with a pair of large yellow 
spots narrowly separated from the lateral margin, remainder of these 
segments, except their narrow yellow hind margins, velvet black, narrow 
hind margin of fourth segment also yellow, this segment with three velvet 
black spots in the form of a triangle, two along the hind border and the 
other in the middle in front ; legs black, the front and middle knees 
yellow, hind knees and first two joints of middle tarsi sometimes also 
yellow; wings hyaline; length, 7 to 8 mm. Three males collected 
February r2th to 14th. 

Habitat.—Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6292, U.S. N. M. 

Sphiximorpha ancoradis, new species. 

Head black, upper edge of occiput, lower part of front, except a 
median line dilated at base of antenne and prolonged laterally on the 
face, and the face, except a median vitta, yellow; antennal process 
slender, dark brown; antennze brown, the joints subequal in length, the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 





first two-thirds as long as the antennal process; proboscis dark brown 
body black, the humeri, antealar callosity, a short vitta above base of 
wing, large spot on posterior side of mesopleura, smaller one on upper 
part of sternopleura, small one on lower part of pteropleura, sometimes 
very indistinct, the scutellum, sides of first abdominal segment and 
posterior borders of the following three, yellow, that on the fourth only 
slightly and very gradually dilated in the middie ; fourth segment marked 
with an interrupted gray pruinose fascia which is produced forward at the 
point of interruption, second segment as long as the third ; legs reddish 
yellow, bases of the tibiz broadly pale yellow; middle and hind femora, 
except their ends, sometimes dark brown, one or more of the joints of the 
tarsi sometimes also dark brown ; wings hyaline, the costal border to the 
third vein pale brown, lightest in costal celi and in front of last section of 
third vein; length, 10 mm. Six males and five females, collected March 
26th and August 24th to September 4th. 

Habitat.—Las Cruces, New Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6293, U.S. N M. 


Family Conopip2. 
Myopa fenestrata, new species. 

Head yellow, the front and occiput, except the “side s and lower 
portion, orange yellow, sides of face each marked with two to four brown 
spots, the upper one contiguous to the efe, all rarely wanting, a brown 
stripe at each lower corner of front and five brown spots, two of which 
are near each eye on upper half of front, the fifth near centre of front, two 
er more of these spots sometimes coalesced; two brown spots near 
middle of each side of occiput, hairs of front and upper part of occiput 
black, on remainder of occiput, face and cheeks yellowish white, those on 
lower part of cheeks rather long and abundant ; antenne reddish yellow ; 
palpi and first segment of proboscis black, remainder of proboscis reddish 
brown ; body black, the inner part of the humeri, a streak behind each, a 
spot on each postalar callosity, several spots on pleura and the genitalia, 
reddish brown, a yellow stripe on either side of the metanotum; 
mesonotum thinly whitish pruinose, a distinct white spot near each 
corner and indications of a pair of whitish vitte on the anterior portion, 
abdomen, except front angles of the segments, gray pruinose and with 
dark reflecting spots; legs black, coxz marked with reddish, apices of 
femora, broad bises of middie and hind femora, bases and a median band 
on tibiz, and whole of tarsi, yellow; base of wings to root of second. 


q 





198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





vein, extending along fifth vein to base of discal cell, bright yellow, 
remainder of wing from costa to fifth vein dark brown, a streak in outer 
half of discal cell, a fascia across middle of first posterior cell, sometimes 
interrupted, and nearly whole of second posterior cell, hyaline; wings 
behind fifth vein smoky gray; apex of first vein and the costa from apex 
of auxiliary to midway between apices of second and third veins, bright 
yellow ; halteres yellow ; length, 7 tog mm. Fifty-six specimens, of both 
sexes, collected August rith to 27th. 

Habitat.—Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio Piedras 
Verdes, about 7,300 feet altitude). 

Type.—Cat. No. 6294, U. S. N. M. 


Myopa pulchra, new species. 

Differs from /enestrata as follows: Sides of face with only the 
uppermost brown spot, sides and hind margin of mesonotum, entire 
scutellum, broad sides of first two abdominal segments, front corners of 
the third and middle of the last segment, yellow; mesonotum marked 
with four velvet black vittee ; yellow on bases of wings more extended, 
including the fourth vein to base of discal cell, hyaline fascia of first 
posterior cell reduced to a subtriangular spot next to the fourth vein, 
wings behind fifth vein nearly pure hyaline; length, 8 mm. Five 
specimens, of both sexes, collected August 26th to September 2nd. 

fTabitat.—Same as the preceding species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6295, U.S. N. M. 


Sicus brevirostris, new species. 

Face and cheeks pale yellow, front reddish yellow, the upper 
corners and occiput black, antenna reddish yellow, inserted nearly 
length of last two joints from the adjacent eye, first and third joints 
slightly longer than broad, the second as wide as long, slightly shorter 
than the third, mouth-parts black, last section of proboscis less than 
one-third as long as the preceding section ; body black, grayish pruinose, 
apex in male and whole of genitalia of female polished, second and third 
abdominal segments in the male in ground colour largely yellow; legs 
black, the knees yellow; wings hyaline, tinged with gray at the base and 
in the costal cell, first posterior cell closed and petiolate ; halteres yellow; 
length, 4mm. Four males and three females collected August 29th to 
September 7th. 

Habitat.—Same as the preceding species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6296, U.S. N. M. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 





This European genus has not previously been recorded from this 
continent. 


ZLodion perlongum, new species. 

Front and middle of upper part of occiput reddish yellow, remainder 
of occiput black, changing to yellow below, gray pruinose, face and 
cheeks light yellow, antennee reddish yellow, first joint wider than long, 
the others slightly longer than wide, the second a trifle longer than the 
third, arista black, the apical half whitish, proboscis black ; thorax and 
scutellum black, gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with two velvet black 
vitte and with three dark vitte between them and an interrupted one 
outside of each of the two black ones ; abdomen narrower than, but fully 
twice as long as, the thorax, black, the second segment largely yellow, 
‘dorsum of abdomen yellowish-gray pruinose, the under side and last 
segment of genitalia polished; abdomen widest at base of second 
segment, tapering posteriorly to about half this width, segments two to 
four noticeably longer than wide, the third one and one-half times as long 
as wide ; legs reddish yellow, upper sides of femora largely black, last 
tarsal joint dark brown; wings hyaline, tinged with gray at the base, 
halteres yeliow; length, 8 mm. Four females. 

Habitat.—White Mts., New Mexico (Rio Ruidoso, about 6,700 feet 
altitude, July 27th); Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio 
Piedras Verdas, about 7,300 feet altitude, August 26th) ; and Colorado 
(H. K. Morrison), 

Type.—Cat. No. 6297, U.S. N. M. 


Family ‘TACHINID&. 
‘Comatacta, new genus. 

Near Siphosturmia, but the antennz reaching only slightly more 
than two-thirds of distance to the oral margin and the thorax densely 
covered with rather long yellowish and white hairs ; head at vibrissz 
longer than at base of antennz, vibrissze on a level with anterior edge of 
oral margin, one or two bristies above each, sides of face bare, each 
nearly half as wide as the facial depression, frontal bristles descending 
nearly to apex of second antennal joint, no ocellar bristles, two pairs of 
-orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male, third joint of antennz 
slightly over twice as long as the second, arista pubescent toward base, 
the longest slightly longer than greatest diameter of arista, penultimate 
joint of arista broader than long, cheeks about one-sixth as wide as the 
eye-height, eyes bare, proboscis slender, the portion beyond the basal 


200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








articulation shorter than height of head, labella small, palpi short, 
clavate ; hind tibia evenly ciliate with rather short bristles on the 
anterior-outer side ; first posterior cell open, ending noticeably before the 
wing-up, bend of fourth vein without an appendage, hind crossvein nearer 
to the bend than to the small crossvein, base of third vein bearing a single 
bristle, other veins hare. 

Type.—Brachycoma patlidula, v. d. Wulp (Biol. Cent.-Am., IL., p. 
95), from Yucatan, Mexico. Five males and eight females are before me 
from San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 


Microphthalma pruinosa, new species. 

Head yellow, occiput and sides of front black, the latter yellowish 
pruinose, frontal vitta brownish black ; vertex one-third as wide as either 
eye, sides of face sparsely covered with black bristly hairs, antennze 
nearly half as long as the face, yellow, the third joint, except at base, 
black, nearly twice as long as the second, vibrissee near one-third of 
distance from anterior oral margin to base of antennz, cheeks posteriorly 
about as wide as the eye-height, palpi yellow, proboscis dark brown ; 
body wholly grayish pruinose, black, the broad sides of abdomen and the 
genitalia yellow, mesonotum marked with four black vitte, three post- 
sutural dorsocentral bristles, three sternopleurals, second and_ third 
abdominal segments bearing marginal bristles, the fourth covered on the 
apical half; legs black, tibiz largely yellow, pulvilii greatly elongate ; 
wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown at base and along the veins, 
costal spine very long, a long stump at bend of fourth vein, calypteres 
whitish ; length, 9g to 1:2 mm. _ Four males. 

Fabitat.—White Mts., New Mexico (South Fork Eagle Creek, 
altitude about 8,oco feet, August 13th); and Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, 
Mexico (head of Rio Piedras Verdes, altitude about 7,300 feet, July roth). 

Type.—Cat. No. 6298, U.S. N. M. 


Araba nebulosa, new species. 

Black, including the palpi;: front golden-yellow pruinose, greatly 
narrowed anteriorly, vertex three-fourths as wide as either eye, uppermost 
frontal bristle in each row over twice as far from the one in the opposite 
row as from the adjacent eye, a reclinate bristle between it and the eye, 
two pairs of orbital bristles, sides of face bearing a row of short black 
hairs near the eye, ridges bristly on the lower three-fifths, frontals 
descending to middle of second antennal joint, antennez slightly shorter 
than the face, the third joint four times as long as the second, arista 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201 





thickened nearly to the middle; thorax gray pruinose, marked with five 
black vittz, the three median ones reaching slightly beyond the suture 
and appearing confluent when viewed from behind, three pairs of post- 
sutural dorsocentral bristles, two sternopleurals, scutellum gray pruinose, 
the sides broadly velvet black, abdomen gray pruinose, the first three 
segments with a transverse row of five velvet black spots, broad apex of 
the fourth segment polished, second and third segments with a marginal 
pair, the fourth with a marginal row of bristles ; first joint of front tarsi 
shorter than the second and greatly thickened, the lower outer angle 
bearing a cluster of rather long yellow bristly hairs, pulvilli one-third as 
long as the last tarsal joint, hind tibiz outwardly somewhat ciliate with 
bristles of an unequal length ; wings hyaline, a small brown spot at apex 
of first vein, a larger one at small crossvein, prolonged toward apex of 
discal cell, 2 narrow one in outer lower corner of this cell, a large spot at 
apex of second vein and on bend of fourth vein, the latter furnished with 
a rather long appendage, the vein beyond it nearly straight, terminating a 
short distance before the extreme tip of wing; length, 5 mm. Four 
specimens collected May 31st. 

Hfabitat.—Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio Piedras 
Verdes, altitude about 7,300 feet). 

Type.—Cat. No. 6299, U.S. N. M. 


Family Dexip#. 
Trixodes, new genus. 

Head in profile nearly hemispherical, front rather prominent, face 
strongly retreating below, facial depression nearly elliptical in outline, a 
rather low, broad median carina, vibrisse absent, vibrissal angles widely 
separated, situated the length of the antennz above the anterior oral 
margin, ridges bare, antenne less than one-fourth length of face, the 
second and third joints of nearly an equal iength, arista bearing a few 
hairs, the longest of which are nearly twice as long as greatest diameter 
of arista, penultimate joint of the latter as broad as long, frontal bristles 
descending nearly to middle of second antennal joint, ocellar and pest- 
ocellar bristles small or wanting, only one pair of verticals, sides of face 
on upper half bare, the remainder and the cheeks sparsely covered with 
short bristly hairs, cheeks four-fifths as wide as the eye-height, eyes bare, 
proboscis one-fourth as long as height of head, rather robust, labella 
small, palpi short clavate ; bristles of tibie very short, hind tibie not 
ciliate with bristles ; third vein bristly on the basal fourth of first section, 


a a | 


~~ 


SSS SS eee 


ee 


202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





other veins bare, first posterior ceil open, ending far before the wing-tip, 
hind crossvein much nearer bend of fourth vein than to small crossvein, 
this bend angular and without an appendage, costa bare, no costal spine. 
Type, the following species : 
Trixodes obesa, new species. 

Dark brown, apex of palpi yellow; vertex of male as wide as either 
eye, in the female one and one-fourth times as wide, no orbital bristles ; 
head, except the frontal vitta, thinly grayish pruinose, mesonotum thinly 
gray pruinose, marked with four black vitte, bristles very short, five pairs 
of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, abdomen very thinly grayish pruinose, 
the bristles very short, marginal ones on the third and sometimes on the 
second segment ; front pulvilli of male rather elongate, but much shorter 
than the last tarsal joint ; wings hyaline, the base as far as base of discal 
cell pale brown, crossveins faintly clouded with brown; calypteres brown ; 
length, 16 to rg mm, ‘Two males and two females. 

Habitat.—Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio Piedras 
Verdes, September goth); and West Fork Gila River, New Mexico 
(July 13th). 

Type.—Cat. No. 6300, U.S. N. M. 

Mochlosoma rufipes, new species. 

Black, the antenne, face, cheeks, palpi, humeri, scutellum, femora 
and tibiz reddish yellow, frontal vitta deep brown, with a tinge of yellow; 
vertex as broad as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, sides of front 
and face, except the lower part, densely gray pruinose, upper-inner fourth 
of face sparsely covered with short bristly hairs, antenne two-fifths as 
long as the face, the second joint as long as the third, arista long 
plumose, cheeks three fourths as broad as the eye-height, proboscis 
setaceous, the portion beyond the articulation twice as long as height of 
head ; mesonotum gray pruinose and with five blackish vitte, scutellum 
thinly, abdomen densely, gray pruinose, the latter with dark olivaceous 
reflecting spots, second and third segments with discal and marginal 
bristles, the fourth sparsely covered, except on the extreme base; wings 
hyaline, the base whitish, bend of fourth vein arcuate, calypteres white ; 
length, 13 mm. Eight females. 

Habitat.—Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio Piedras 
Verdes, about 7,300 feet altitude, September 5th to 18th). 

Type-—Cat. No. 6301, U.S. N. M. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20 


Oo 








CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M , ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 7.—Continued from p. 166.) 
FamiLy XXIX.—Eumenide. 


To this family belong the potter wasps. They differ from the paper- 
making wasps in being solitary and in constructing their nests of mud or 
clay, instead of macerated woody fibre or pulp. It is perhaps one of the 
largest, if not the largest, families in the Vespoidea, and is well repre- 
sented in all parts of the world by many genera and species. 

The species superficially resemble the Vespidz, but are quite distinct 
and are easily distinguished by the cleft or toothed claws, the claws never 
being simple or edentate as in the social wasps. 

The family, like the Vespidz, has reached its greatest development in 
warm or tropical countries. 

Our knowledge of this family, as well as of the Vespide and 
Masaride, is due mainly to the labors of the distinguished Swiss 
entomologist, Henry de Saussure, who has for more than half a 
century devoted most of his time to elucidating the groups, genera and 
species. He has done more work on these families than any other man, 
living or dead, and all of his papers should be in the hands of those who 
contemplate studying these wasps. 

His greatest work, ‘‘ Etudes sur les Vespides,” in 3 Vols., 8 vo., with 
plates, was published during the years 1852 to 1856, and treats of the 
Eumenide, Vespide and Masaride. 

These “ Etudes” are typical of the best kind of systematic work, 
and should afford a model for us all to strive to imitate. 

All wasps belonging to the family Huwmenzde are predaceous princi- 
pally upon Lepidopterous larvee, but a few attack also the larve of saw- 
flies belonging to the superfamily Tenthredinoidea. Although most of 
these wasps prey upon Lepidopterous larvze as do the social wasps, yet in 
their habits they are quite different. The social wasps chew up or 
macerate their food before feeding to their young, which they carefully 


204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





watch and constantly feed during all stages of larval development. The 
potter wasps, on the contrary, act quite differently. 

A potter wasp will go off, catch a caterpillar, sting it into insensibility, 
and then carry it off to its mud cell. This operation is repeated again and 
again, or until eight or a dozen or more caterpillars have been captured 
and stored away in its cell. An egg is then deposited on this fresh food, 
the cell is hermetically closed, and the mother wasp has finished her 
labours once and for all, and she cares no more for her still unborn off- 
spring. 

The young larva of a potter wasp receives no attention from its 
mother; on hatching, it finds sufficient fresh food at hand in the 
semi-paralyzed caterpillars stored up in the cell, and is able to care for 
itself. 

I have recognized in the Humenzde four distinct subfamilies : 


Table of Subfamilies. 


Ta Middlemibie with vzoapieal spurs. . ee eke By Lee eee eee oe 

Middle tibice with ove apicalispur . We eee hore os neers 

2. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures. 

Second cubital cell oblong or quadrate, not or only slightly nar- 
rowed above ; claws with a tooth near the 
middle.;.................,..Subfamily 1.—Ischnogasterinze. 

Second cubital never oblong or quadrate, always much narrowed 
aoe Claws “Cleltnyv- a1. = 47s omen Subfamily I1.—Discoeline. 

Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent 

NETVUE........-+ 0+ ee ees. ess. esUbfamily II].—Raphiglossine. 

Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent 


iS) 


MELVUTES 56). ss oie one tate ase SU DIAM Ly Ve Knentnee 


SUBFAMILY I.—Ischnogasterine. 


The two spurred middle tibie separate this subfamily from the 
Eumenide ; the second cubital cell receiving 40¢4 recurrent nervures, 
separates it from the Raphiglossine, which have the second and third 
cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure; while from the 
Discoeling, to which it is closely allied, it is separated by the shape 
of the second cubital ceil, which is oblong or quadrate, and by the claws, 
which have a tooth at or near the middle, beneath. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 205 





Table of Genera. 


Clypeus elongate, rounded or triangular anteriorly, but of dentate ; 

mandiblesmlonecrauieitat)- a. f-.'-- ..«- oalsehmogaster; Guerin: 

(Type I. fulgidipennis, Guér.) 

Clypeus subemarginate or bidentate anteriorly ; mandibles oblong, 

narrowed, dentate.................Ischnogasteroides, Magretti. 

(Type I. flavus, Magr.) 

SuBraMILy II.—Discoeline. 

This group was first separated by Thomson, who called it a tribe. 

It is readily recognized by the cleft claws and by the shape of the second 
cubital cell. 

Table of Genera. 


1. Labial palpi three-jointed.. Bee, os chaise eR a oe Oh os vara a ee 
Labial palpi four-jointed.. Efeoena) ts Shree ecuoits: Heep ee OR 

2. Petiole of abdomen ayollehe at file mnieidler ands more or viess contracted 
at both ends ; antennz inserted just above the clypeus........3. 
Petiole of abdomen elongate, contracted or slender only at the base ; 
antenne inserted on the middle of the face. . sisi 6s ah rar os Shape RAG 

3. Second abdominal segment not contracted into a icine! petiole at 
base. sae ae . Pepa uctcy: (4 


Second undovaial: segment equreicred into a Naismaet Hetiole at base; 
expansion of the petiole globularly lengthened.. Didymogastra, Perty. 
(Type D. fusca, Perty.) 

4. Second abdominal segment subsessile or very briefly 
PBCLIGIACE Air cgtrtc t «esa. seis ama alee a CE RUSCUUS. \ SalissMnen 
(Type Zethus Jurinei, Sauss.) 
Second abdominal segment sessile or subsessile, enlarged gradually ; 
clypeus transverse, lozenge-shaped, forming a sharp lateral angle 


GBS SIGs eae, ccc scsels 5 ste sete inten ie epee . Heros, Saussure. 

(Type Zethus gigas, Spinola.) 

5. Mandibles short, obliquely truncate...... ....Calligaster, Saussure. 

(Type C. cyanopterus, Sauss.) 

6: Petiole neither short, polished; nor campanulate:.:..........\. 0096 

Petiole short, polished, cee nc CeaeMeetee 6 = G. 

7. Mandibles short, stout. ee ysl, Bec GERAD Genre 
Mandibles rather long, ppranely truncate Paid 4- 

GlETItA tee Terme emus chit sn’ ele tocah eae ane eee Discoelius, Latreiile. 


(Type Vespa zonalis, Panz.) 


206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





8. Petiole elongate, linear ; mandibles obliquely truncate ; clypeus wider 
EhaM LONG 3e +. 4 wieispahe tered ep euer pita) Sym] Tons pony'eyets ee ES) SASS UIT es 
(Type E. australis, Sauss.) 

Petiole elongate, but not linear, either clavate or subclavate, narrowed 
towards base ; second cubital cell angulate above... Labus, Saussure. 
(Type L. Humbertianus, Sauss.) 

9. Clypeus transverse ovate, much wider than long, the anterior margin 
medially bidentater ty. .s:s4.-4et oe soa . Stroudia, Gribodo. 
(Type S. armata, Gribodo.) 


SuBFAMILY III.—Raphiglossine. 


In this subfamily the middle tibize have two apical spurs as in the two 
previously-defined subfamilies, but from these it is at once separated by 
the venation of the front wings, the second and the third cubital cells each 
receiving a recurrent nervure. In the other subfamilies the second cubital 
cell receives both recurrent nervures. 


Table of Genera. 


1. Mandibles short, 4-dentate; labial ae 3-jointed, the joints 
long.. cppocr eer) Sich c 
Maneibles (ong, sonnewher Bointed ode not oF inctly deniite Lael 
palpi 4-jointed. . sgl San : fest id Seema 
2. Abdomen Sees ‘the first SeeuientY not eae. rae not especially 
long ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed............Stenoglossa, Saussure. 
(Type Raphiglossa odyneroides, Saussure.) 
Abdomen petiolate, the first segment long; labium very long ; 
maxillary palpi 5-jointed................Raphiglossa, Saunders. 
(Type R. eumenoides, Saund.) 

3. Abdomen petiolate; labium short; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the 
FOUIISH SHOTE 2... Sebel 4 aenecienaiet soos eee Gayelia, Spinola. 
(Type G. eumenoides, Spinola.) 


SUBFAMILY IV.—Eumenine. 

To this subfamily belong all Eumenids having the middle tibiz with 
a single apical spur. The second cubital cell receives both recurrent 
nervures. 

It is the largest and most extensive group in the family, and many 
genera and species are known. 

I have divided it into three minor groups or tribes, which may be 
recognized by the characters employed in the following table : 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 








Table of Tribes. 


Second cubital cell not petiolate, although often narrowed or angulate 
above ; mandibles most frequently long, acute, and when united forming 
a long beak, the teeth lateral. 


Abdomen distinctly petiolate. . ithe ovis eet ohne oL. =—amemint: 
Abdomen sessile or subsessile, never cstnetly 

petiolate... ates Sea AR seibes bl. Zou nerini. 

Second cubital all ennede metobie arelats T ribe III.—Alastorini. 


TRIBE [I.-—Eumenini. 


This tribe is separated from the A/astorinz by the non-petiolate 
second cubital cell, and from the Odynerini by the distinctly petiolate 
abdomen, the species being, as a rule, narrower, more elongate, and less 
robust. 

Table of Genera. 


1. Maxillary palpi gabe antennze inserted on the middle of the 

face. ue ORT is. SAUEE AY Sipe sca hag ean Beer 

Marillaey Pe inicsenrad = SRR AA Lot ee hr oy MM OREN di csiitesar 

2. Mandibles rather long and narrow, with blunt teeth on the inner 
margin ; anterior angles of pronotum not 

AMEE eur ied oe wikia | wioic te A ee eis es eevLOntez linia. Sassi: 

(Type M. rufidentata, Sauss.) 


3. Labial palpi 4-jointed ; second abdominal segment not constricted 
into a petiole at base, or, at the most, subpetiolate ; clypeus longer 
than wide. Skea 's ai 4 So alte, ox ph ceed SEDATE IMs aetna an aoe eA 

Labial palpi 3 Eidied: second abdominal segment constricted into a 


petiole at base; head large, quadrate, the clypeus wider than 
Meaney prereiet eye sess eye 3s ane a sd Manages .Zethus Fabricius. 


(Type Veep Slengeonesine Fabr.) 


4. Mandibles at apex 3- or 4-dentate.. eae ate ei SOE ad oe ae 
Mandibles at:apex bidentate.......... «++. Besa csi ean alah eee 

=e Mandibles long, 4-dentate, the teeth, however, usually indistinct ; 
clypeus at apex usually truncate ; petiole long; third cubital cell 
TEV OS MAMAS 2h scal lace <2 i0. 5:4) 6%o + sie cine =i aes Eumenes, Fabricius. 
(Type Vespa coarctata, Linné.) 

Mandibles 3-dentate, the teeth acute; clypeus at apex bidentate ; 
petiole long, subclavate, a little longer than the thorax ; third 


208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





cubital cell quadrate or nearly ; front angles of pronotum acute. 
(Liberia, .Afnca) 5 i eac..« Micreumenes, Ashmead, tg. oy. 
(Type M. Curriei, Ashm. MS.) 

6. Petiole of abdomen rather short; wings very 
lai Ry 6). A eee cree cal einer eas ACh nen esemealSsure: 


(Type P. sericea, Sauss.) 


Tribe IJ].—ODyNERINI. 

Into this tribe fall the vast majority of the known genera and species 
belonging to the subfamily Eumenine. They are easily recognized by the 
sessile, or, at most, subsessile abdomen, and by their shorter, stouter, 
more robust form. 


Table of Genera. 


1. Abdomen with the first segment quite differently formed, neither 
distinctly funnel-shaped nor subcampanulate, often truncate at 
BeetSeerersassc eS yPoic'« fe ot CR eS. Jove! cao RENNES cy te ene 


Abdomen with the first segment funnel shaped or subcampanulate: 
subbidentate medially ; aaa palpi 6-, labial palpi 4- 
(ROLE 6 Cee ares SCs Se Rem . Nortonia, Saussure. 

(Type Gdynerus intermedius, Sauss.) 
2. First abdominal segment above, near the base, without a transverse 
Caria tener ic. kometiauce fact six ss Sa RENN cee oe ee cRer Ss ee ee ee 


First abdominal segment above, near the base, dounded by a transverse 


CARMA, i ie" < 's Sic EE StG Re ils cee yea Se ec pes eee een 

3. Maxillary palpi 5-jointed or-less 42 5+ ...0.. «2.0: ae eee te 
Maxillary palpi /6-jointeds. <).\./5 Bass ete iats sh iene erat 4. 

Ae uaplalenalpis-jOinted : "2s skh Seteet csaneats Gk cus si nes Gon eaten eg 
abialpalpr 4-jointed :.ciina Gee keer het ons ae epee nes ea 
5) labial palpi neither very long morplumose.. 2... 1 - oo as 
Labial palpi very long, plumose; mandibles distinctly 4- or 5- 
dentaieeees. $$ 5.05, bic see eee seep USn@Gie nates micela 


(Type P. Pallasii, Klug.) 

6. First joint of maxillary palpi very large, much swollen, almost as long 
as the following joints united ; last joint of the labial palpi very 
salle 4 antenne Simple... cawees ks soso ee OISa, Nl itenell, 

(= Monerebia, Sauss.) 

(Type Vespa ephippium, Fabr.) 


10, 


IJ. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 





First joint of maxillary palpi not much swollen and much shorter than 
the following joints united; last joint of the labial palpi not 
especially small; ¢ antennz enrolled at apex. . Micragris, Saussure. 

(Type M. spinotee, Sauss.) 


. Clypeus woz transverse, as long or longer than wide...........-..8. 


Clypeus transverse, wider than long; labial palpi and paraglossze very 
SIGnGleteectpe as Gites San aias tor. . Leptochilus, Saussure. 
(ype Derocnilie mauritianus, Lepel.) 

Last three joints of maxillary palpi normal, not very small; labial 
palpi and paraglossz not especially slender.............--++ 9. 
Last three joints of maxillary palpi very small... Rhynchium, Spinola. 
(Type Vespa oculata, Fabr.) 

Mesonotum zw/thout distinct parapsidal furrows, either wanting or 
only vaguely defined basally ; ¢ antennz at apex ending in a hook 
omspirallyvcontorted. <)> spay cnes a Ae, a Wet AOS 
Mesonotum ze? usually disnne Raopdal ae g antenne at 
AWD v eh. 2 GIN) 0) Cette SOAR MeeIOnE oh coc Rab fe ete hoc FOaynerie: Latreille. 

. (Type Vespa murarius, Latr.) 
Thorax coriaceous or closely finely punctate ; clypeus at apex usually 
semicircularly emarginate, bidentate ; antennz widely separated at 
base, in ¢ at apex depressed and spirally contorted ; mandibles 2- 
Oysedentates. «5... 1. J+. 0: wees e © 2) hoplomerus, Westwood. 
(Type Vespa spinipes, L.) 

Thorax punctate, not coriaceous; clypeus at apex truncate or 
subemarginate; anteane not widely separated at base,in ¢ ending 

in a hook ; first abdominal segment dorsally at apex with a short 
median groove ; second ventral segment produced and truncate at 


base; mandibles 4-dentate....... . Leionotus, Saussure. 
(Type Ody nerus humeralis, Hal.) 


First abdominal segment truncate at base, not divided by a longi- 
tudinal groove or furrow ; antenne in ¢ ending in a hook. 

Maxillary palpi 6-jointed........... . Ancistrocerus, Westwood. 

(Type Vespa parietum, Linné.) 

Maxillary palpi 5-jointed......Monobiella, Ashmead, gen. nov. 

(Type Vespa atrata, Fabr.) 

First abdominal segment somewhat funnel-shaped, and divided above 

by a deep longitudinal groove ; antenne in ¢ 
SIMPIE. Ara epouce ecic ee c+ + +o we sigele ei: Comey MMOL PM US eMy eammietets 
(Type Vespa sinuata, Fabr.) 


210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





me? Maxilary palpi'3= or 4 yOMbem a. Wel 2a fed yest fans otha ea 
Maxillary palpi 5-jointed. 

Labial palpr 3-joiited’.... 3.00022. 2. /. .Monobia, Saussure. 

(Type Vespa quadridens, L.) 

Labial palpi 4-jomted.... 2. 2534.8... . Salypeens Saussure, 

(Type H. abdominalis, Sauss.) 

13.. Maxillary palpr 4-jomited::..5 . 2 smdcertermns «ccs ss cus a cee eRe renee 

Mamibary palpi jotted eyatee ccc 5, seruemels aeieae «a Vo eee lee pea 

14. iWletathorax quadridentate 2... .,. ses. oe oe Antagris, Saussure: 


(Type A. aequatoriaiis, Sauss.) 

Metathorax concave, bidentate or bispinose......Paragris, Saussure. 
(Type P. Humbertii, Sauss,) 

15. Metathorax short, impressed or subconcave posteriorly, the post- 
scutellum often broadly but not deeply emarginate or impressed at 

apex ; mesonotum without distinct furrows, at the most represented 

by two delicately impressed abbreviated lines posteriorly; mandibles 

Wonewaente. ): 7... feeaegecks . «i cee es cao Uaehios let inonites 
(Type Vespa cornuta, L.) 


Trise III.—Alastorini, 


This tribe is separated from the two previously-defined tribes by the 
venation of the front wings, the second cubital cell being distinctly 


petiolate. 
Table of Genera, 
fawademenssessile or subsessile: Sas bu netaeins +0 «sods ee el eae 
Abdomen distinctly petiolate... stasis. «le daee sete oe aes oe 


2. Mandibles long, acute, bluntly dentate within; maxillary palpi 
6-jointed ; labial palpi long, 4-jointed, the last joint minute. 

First abdominal segment wéfhout a transverse suture or fur- 

BOW. sc Wid os otis See eee Ss, cae CON. Nae ero iets 

(Type A. atropos, Lepel.) 

First abdominal segment wz7fi a transverse suture or fur- 

POW. . cs oi el ewe be tansleienge sexes a Al aSbOROnes, ea ussure. 

(Type Alastor clotho, Lepel.) 

Ertan fy: Smithia, Saussure. 


3. Form slender; thorax elongate..... 
(Type S. Natalensis, Sauss.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ziel 





THE MAPLE COTTONY PHENACOCCUS. 
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. 


Phenacoccus acericola, n. sp. 

Since 1880, when the above-named species was found and described 
as the European Pseudococcus aceris, Geoff. (Phenacoccus). by Miss 
Emily A. Smith, it has until recently been supposed to have been that 


species. 


The latter part of 1890, Prof. Cockerell wrote me that he believed 


our species was Gistinct from that of Europe, and suggested that I should 
describe it as new if upon further investigation no reason appeared to 
the contrary. At the meeting of the Association of Economic Ento- 
mologists of 1891, at Denver, Colorado, he speaks of it as being without 
a name. 

As I knew of no place in the vicinity where I live, I asked Dr. 
George Dimmock, of Springfield, Mass., if he would kindly collect and 
send me some specimens for study, which he did last season. The 
following description is from the material sent, together with some 
descriptive notes taken from Dr. Howard’s excellent account given in 
“Insect Life.” The first account of the M/aple Cottony Phenacoccus 
appeared in the ‘“ North American Entomologist,” April, 1880, by Miss 
Emily A. Smith. The second was by Prof. Comstock in his work 
published in the annual report of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for 
1881, and the third by Dr. Howard in ‘Insect Life,” 1894. It seems 
quite evident that Dr. Howard had some doubt about the identity of the 
species, and calls attention to some of the characters which seemed to 
differ from Signoret’s account of the European Phenacoccus aceris, Geoff. 

Our American species when seen on the leaves appear as an 
irregular oval cottony mass which adheres to anything touching it and 
resembles very much the cottony ovisac of a Pulvinaria. The cottony 
material is about 6 mm. in diameter and covers the insect and her eggs. 

Length of 2 about 5 mm. long, 3 broad, plump, light yellow. 
Boiled in caustic potash, they turn orange red. The internal juice 
pressed out, the skin is colourless. The upper surface of the body is 
more or less covered with spinnerets and these are more dense at the 
posterior extremity. The margin of the body has several groups of short 
spines. Antenne g jointed, measuring in p: 


22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Joints 1. oe Ze 4. 5 6. fe 8. 9. 
BA) Ades 30. 40. 22. Re 28. 64. 
44. 44. 44. 23 44. 22. 28. 28. 64. 
Joint 9 is longest, 3 and 5 equal, 6 and 8 usually equal, 1 and 2 and 3 
are equal and longer than any of the next five joints. The last sending 
in the fall, when the leaves were found on the ground, had well advanced 
females with their abdomen well filled with eggs, and when cleared with 
potash they showed only an 8 jointed antenna as follows : 

Joints (1) 40. (2) 60. (3) 48. (4) 72. (5) 40. (6) 40. (7) 28. (8) 60. 
Middle leg, coxa 120, femur and trochanter 240, tibia 200, tarsus 80. 
The legs are somewhat slender, and the claws are thin, sharp, thickened 
at the back, but not toothed as described by Prof. Comstock. 

Distribution.—So far as known to me, the following are the only 
localities where the species have been found: 

Peoria, Ill., Miss Emily A. Smith; Lancaster, Pa., Dr. Rathvon; 
Mount Carmel, Illinois, Prof. W. G. Johnson ; Kingston, R. I., Prof. L. 
F. Kinney; New Jersey, Dr. John B. Smith; Cumberland, Maryland, 
Prof. W. G. Johnson ; Albany, Athens, Brooklyn and Middleton, N. Y., 
Prof. E. P. Felt; Jamaica Plain and Brookline, Mass., Mr. John G. 
Jack ; Springfield and Holyoke, Mass., R. A. Cooley. ; 

Bibliography.—North American Entomologist, Vol. I., p. 73, 1880. 

U.S. Agricultural Report, 1880., I., p. 345. 

Insect Life, Vol. VIL, p. 235-240, 1894. 

3ulletin No. 17, N. Sr., U.S. Dept. of Agr., 1898, 
p- 61; No. 31, 1902, p. 67. 

Bulletin N. Y. State Muse., No. 46, Vol. IX., p. 


355: Igor. 
New York State Entom. Rpt., 151-616. 





THE EGG OF THE WATER SCORPION (RAWATRA FUSCA}. 
BY R. H. PETTIT, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH. 


In his “ Insect Book,” Dr. L. O. Howard states that the egg of 
Ranatra has not as yet been described from the United States. It 
is hoped that the following note may be of interest to someone: 

On June 24, 1900, the writer was so fortunate as to find a large 
number of these eggs at Pine Lake, near Lansing, Mich. As the eggs 
were not recognized at first, they were allowed to hatch, and the nymphs 
allowed to become about half-grown. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Dis 





The eggs are white in colour, long oval in form (about 314 mm. long), 
with two long spindle-like appendages (about 4 mm. long) at one end. 
The surface is nearly smooth, not glossy, and covered with many slightly 
raised rounded elevations, visible when greatly magnified. The eggs are 
placed quite abundantly in the rotting stems of reeds and cat-tails, several 
inches under the surface of the water, the egg itself usually being almost 
out of sight, only the appendages being noticeable. Where they are 
numerous, the effect is that of a small cheval-de-frise. 

No connection seems to exist between the interior part of the egg and 
the processes. The latter seem to be appendages of the outer shell 
alone, and their purpose that of protection against predatory vertebrates. 

The young nymph is provided with a short anal process at birth. 
This process is deeply grooved on the ventra! surface. 













Wy) jy ee 
I ; é VS} 
i rE 
yf ee va 2 Fic. 12 
hy i 3 
Lodi 


Fig. 11 sHows a piece of aquatic plant with the eggs slightly enlarged 
in situ. Fig. 12 shows several of the eggs magnified about 414 times. 


214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





LEFE—-HISTORY .OF , LYDA FASCIATA Sars FAM. 
TENTHREDINID. 


BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


Full-grown larvee were taken on wild cherry (Prunus) in the latter 
part of September, 1901. Placed in a box over earth, they fed but a day 
or two, turned a deep green, and, entering the earth two to three inches, 
formed rounded cells, in which they remained as larve all winter, 
transforming to pupze just before emergence. They are gregarious, 
remaining in their web, filled with its mass of exuvia, until full-grown, 
when, as their growth is completed, individually they drop from it and 
enter the ground. One which was kept under observation formed a pupa 
on April 28th, and emerged eight days thereafter. The pupal skin is very 
thin, showing distinctly the parts of the enclosed imago. This brood 
commenced emerging April 25th, and a few individuals are still coming 
out, May 31st. In the earlier days the males predominated, later the 
females. Altogether, 134 males and 123 females have appeared. 
Copulation took place at once, the pair remaining in coitu from three to 
five hours. One female (the first observed) was furnished with a spray of 
wild cherry, and on the night of the 13th of May deposited 76 eggs on the 
under side of a leaf, extending from the tip half its length. They were laid 
side by side, in rows of five to seven, from midrib to margin, and in little 
slits cut in the epidermis of the leaf, being attached by a gummy 
secretion. 

£ge.—Size 1.5x.5 mm. Sordid white, glossy, and apparently 
smooth, opaque. 

Hatched May 22nd, turning to a bright yellow the day before. The 
young larve do not eat the egg shells. 

First Stage.—Head round, shining, black at vertex, face and mouth- 
parts paler, eyes black. Body dull orange, deeper along an enlarged 
substigmatal wrinkled fold, which extends the entire length, giving the 
body a flattened appearance. Thoracic feet and anal plates black. 
Above the eyes are movable 3-jointed antennal-like processes, already 
mentioned by Packard (5th Report U.S. Entom. Commission), his figure, 
without doubt, referring to this species. Attached to the sides of the upper 
anal plate are two similar processes, but apparently 5-jointed. The young 
larve immediately congregate and begin to spin a web, attaching another 
leaf, if possible, to form their domicile, and attack the edges of the leaf, 
consuming all parts of it. Length, 


bo 
— 
Cl 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





May 23. Second stage.—Head darker, a depression on the face 


- between the eyes. Otherwise unchanged. Length .16. 


May 25. Third stage much as before. Length .21. 

May 27. Fourth stage.—lIn this stage the black colour of the head, 
ventral plates, thoracic feet and antennal appendages is intensified. The 
substigmatal fold becomes thicker and more solid in colour. The spiracles 
and a series of broken yellowish lines on each segment subdorsally make a 
faint lateral stripe, dorsally and sublaterally translucent dull greenish, 
Length .33. 

May 29. Fifth stage-—Much the same as before. One larva 
discovered moulting. The head apparently splits apart vertically at the 
mouth without previous visible distension. After moult the skin is 
partially eaten, but the head-covers remain in the web. The body of the 
larva retains its normal colours, but the head and ventral plates with their 
appendages are glassy and colourless, except the eyes, which are black, 
and a faint tinge of black about the mouth, and remains so for several 
hours after moult. Length .56. 

May 31. Sixth stage.—A decided thickening of substigmatal fold, 
which now becomes a reddish orange. The broken markings above it 
and the subdorsal lines are also heavier and more solid in colour. 
Translucent intervals darker and presenting a slightly shagreened 
appearance. Instead of being rounded, the upper ventral plate now 
has a central triangular depression, in the bottom of which is set a short 
movable spine. This space is dusky yellow. The lower ventral plate 
has a depression on each side of a rounded longitudinal ridge, with the 
bottom confusedly punctured. Edge of both plates set sparsely with 
strong, black sete. Length .84. 

June 12. Seventh stage.—Much as before. Body strongly wrinkled. 
Thoracic legs and antennal appendages now translucent greenish, ringed 
lightly with black at the joint. Length, 1.15. 

June 14. Eighth stage.—Not changed, except that the thoracic 
legs are ringed witi orange. The tubercles on the rrth segment have 
increased in size with later moults, but none others seem prominent. 
Length, 1.35. 

After feeding two days without further moult, the larve as they 
mature turn a deep green, except the head and anal plates, which remain 
shining black, feet translucent. At this time they drop from the web and 
enter the ground for zstivation, there being in our section a spring and fall 


216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





brood. ‘These iarve, if placed on any flat surface, turn on their backs 
and begin at once to web the body fast to it, pushing themselves along 
under the web with the aid of the folds of the body and the jointed 
appendages of the anal plates. From my observations I believe this to 
be the purpose for which these appendages are supplied, supplemented at 
later stages, when its body becomes heavier, by the spinous process 
placed on the wpfer anal plate. After falling from the web and seeking 
to enter the ground, it assumes the normal position, hitching itself along 
on its ventral surface with the aid of its head and thoracic legs. 

Some of the larvee of the 1901 brood remain unchanged in their cell 
at this date, June 16th, and, I presume, will not appear as imagoes until the 
autumn, thus insuring, as do lepidopterous larve, a perpetuation of the 
species. 


PARWVALOF  DATANA\ FROM “ARIZONA. TDENTIEIED: 


In the March number of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 74, 
I described a, to me, unknown larva, which, according to a statement of 
Mr. Wm. Beutenmuller, of the American Museum of Natural History 
of New York, is that of Datana robusta, Strecker. Heretofore the 
imagoes of D. robusta had all been taken in Texas, and Dr. Dyar in 
Prof. Packard’s Bombycine Moths, Vol. I., page 120, 1s quoted as saying 
that the larva of Rodusta was yet unknown. Some have claimed that the 
species described as odusta too much resembled Lerspicwa, but it will be 
seen that the larva is distinct, and the imagines of both these species are 
entitled to the names as first described. ‘The body colour of Robusta 
larva is b/ack, and the lines are yed/ow. Perspicua larva has a body of 
straw or lemon yellow and eleven pitchy reddish lines in the 3rd or 4th 
stage, and in the 5th stage the body is of the same colour, but the lines 
are blackish red, according to Mr. James Angus. In the third stage of 
Perspicua larva, as described by Dr. Dyar, the body colour is dark red 
and the stripes bright yellow. 

Mr. Beutenmuller wishes it to be known that he alone is responsible 
that these two larve were not turned over to Mr. L. H. Joutel for 
figuring. He was on the point of departing from the city, and the larvee 


having already contracted, he did not think they would then serve the 
purpose. - R. E. Kunze, Phoenix, Arizona. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217 





NOTES ON, CICINDELAt IN NORTH CAROLINA. 
BY EDWARD D. HARRIS, NEW YORK. 


In the early part of May of the present year (tg02) the writer made 
an attempt to collect Cicindelze in the pine belt of North Carolina. 
While opportunities for observing the distribution of species were too 
meagre to be of much practical value, certain facts were noted that may 
be of interest to those studying the genus. 

The first locality visited was Jamestown, a station on the line of the 
Southern Railway, distant about 220 miles from the coast and 4o from 
the Virginia line. On the sand bars and banks of Deep River, a 
tributary of Cape Fear River, beautiful specimens of repanda were taken 
in abundance. A single duodecimguttata and a single vulgaris of the 
typical size were taken on the same ground, and a few specimens of 
sexguttata, both six- and eight-spotted, on sandy paths along the wooded 
banks of the river. 

At High Point, in the woods eight miles distant, repanda, sexguttata 
and vu/garis occurred, a single specimen of the latter being noticeable 
for its small size. Charlotte, the next point visited, 15 miles from the 
South Carolina line, afforded in its suburbs excellent collecting ground. 
Along the edges of a creek of formidable dimensions, that showed 
unmistable evidences of often breaking through its bounds, repanda and 
duodecimguttata were taken, the former in an unusual range of size. 
Here also occurred vulgaris in abundance, most of the specimens in both 
sexes being so small as to warrant special notice. Many of the males 
were scarcely larger than the typical repanda, and the average in size 
falls so far below that of the species as generally noted as to indicate the 
existence here of a sub-race. The maculations are noticeably attenuated, 
and in some of the specimens there appears a distinct tendency to their 
obliteration. The humeral lunule is generally either broken or the 
anterior portion wholly absent. 

The three collecting points heretofore noted are west of, and not to 
be considered as included in, the pine belt of the State. Hamlet, 75 
miles to the east of Charlotte, and less than 10 miles from the South 
Carolina line, is in the heart of the turpentine lands. Here the pine 
timber abounds—forests of magnificent trees, free from underbrush and 
plentifully watered. 

At this point a most interesting form of C. scuted/aris was taken. In 
colour it is somewhat suggestive of rugifrons, but, while being unicolor- 
ous, is not so intense a green or blue. The maculations, however, differ 


218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








from rugifrons. In the majority of specimens taken there is an apical 
lunule well defined, and sometimes the marginal dot appears. Other 
specimens are immaculate, and, were it not that they occur with those 
that are marked, would be placed as C. unicolor. 

Vulgaris and repanda, the former of the typical size, were also taken 
at this locality. 

In passing from Hamlet to the seacoast, 115 miles, one journeys 
directly through the pine district, which extends nearly the whole 
distance. ‘There is little doubt that this form of C. scutellaris can be 
taken at numerous points over the entire field. At Montague, 17 miles 
from the coast, on sandy patches beneath the pine trees, although the 
weather was unfavourable, two specimens of the same insect were taken, 
having the apical lunule and small marginal dot. 

Vulgaris was common here, the larger number of specimens being of 
the normal size. 

The ocean beach opposite Wilmington was wholly bare of the genus. 

Goldsboro’ was the last collecting point on the trip. Sexguttata was 
taken here in the woods for the only time since leaving High Point. It 
appears to be absent in the pine belt. Here also occurred modesta and 
vulgaris, both in the roads, the latter of the dwarfed form found at 
Charlotte. 





BOOK NOTICE. 


THE COMMON SPIDERS OF THE UNITED StTaTes.—By J. H. Emerton ; 
Ginn & Co., Boston, Mass., 1902; 8vo., pp. 225, figs. 5or. 

This is a most welcome addition to the few books on the spiders of 
the United States. It is based on the author’s previous papers on the 
New England spiders that have appeared during the past twenty years in 
the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy. Some species from the 
Southern States have been added, so that the work describes about 200 of 
the commoner spiders of the North-eastern United States, and Canada. 
There is an excellent introduction, which we wish were longer, and a 
short, general treatment of each family. Under the family each species 
is described in simple yet distinct language, and each species is figured. 
The abundance and excellence of these figures greatly enhance the value 
of the book, and make the determination of many of our common spiders 
a very easy matter. There are also many fine photographs of spider- 
webs, which indicate, as only photographs can, the beauty and 
complexity of these delicate structures. The classification adopted is 
that used by Blackwall many years ago, and the generic and specific 
names are sometimes out-of-date. The book is nicely gotten up, well 
printed, and with an appropriate cover-design representing a remarkable 
new genus of blind Thomiside. NaTHAN Banks. 


Mailed August 2nd, 1902. 





The Canadian Hatomalogist. 





VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1902. No. 9 








CLASSIFICATION, OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECYS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 8.—Continued from p. 210.) 





FamMILy XXX.—Masaride. 

Prof. Westwood and others confused these wasps with the Vespide 
and the Eumenide, although Latreille had years previously established 
his family Masarides. Henry de Saussure, in his ‘ Etudes,” treats them 
as a tribe. They, however, represent a distinct family close to the 
Eumenide, but easily separated from them and the Vespidze by the 
wings not being folded longitudinally, by peculiarities of the antenne, 
which are usually strongly clavate at tip; by the wholly different abdomen, 
the venter being flatter; and by the much larger scutellum. 

Of the habits of the Masarides, nothing seems to be positively known. 
Some years ago Dr. Dyar gave me specimens of AZasaris vespoides, Cr, 
bred from what I take to be the nest of an Odynerine, taken in Arizona. 


Table of Genera. 
1. Front wings with ¢zwo cubital cells (Masarini).. ..... 3 
Front wings with ¢Aree cubital cells (Euparagiini).... 2 
2. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; antenne in 9 
short, clavate, 3 unknown ; scape not 
loner ieee Re os oa vs ss oo en (OE ae ea TS, Ca meta 
(Type P. fuscipennis, Cam.) 
Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure ; 
antenne not clavate in both sexes, in ¢ subfiliform; scape very 
long. UR se oe pe Biiparagiay Cremer 
(Type E. scutellaris, Cress.) 


220 {Hk CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Re sabi extensiblemnrmeneenictn: -) cree 1 cn hake esercerten Sareea en 
Labrum vot extensible. 

Maxillary palpi wanting or rudimentary, or 3-jointed......... Fis 

Maxillary palpi zof rudimentary, 4- to 6-jointed ; labial palpi 

A=fOUIN EG Aiea teers as ete tetsare 1) Gia. 2 xing ua) shee lee bes yeu aking aaa 

4. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed. . bynes Ry as 


Maxillary palpi copinteds ‘Tabu Salis stout, sites Be es joints 
united scarcely as long as the first; claws with a strong tooth 
beneath ; mandibles 3-dentate............(3) Paragia Shuekard. 

(Type P. decipiens, Shuck.) 


First abdominal segment small; clypeus in 3 transverse... .......6. 
First abdominal segment nearly as long as the second; clypeus in ¢ 
longer than wide; mandibles obliquely truncate, 3- or 4-den. 
WUE) Ss, 5 apc ucies ake hee ee ik co css see ae A) ee CORED SS SASS tthe 


Oo 


(Type P. spiricornis, Sauss.) 


6. Abdominal segments of constricted at base ; marginal cell wth an 
appendage, the second cubital cell about twice as long as 
WAGs i: 5. acc ee ee a non sede reeaer ae ( 5) CC RN En Usa ican eres 

(Type C. Fonscolombei, Latr.) 


Abdominal segments constricted at base as in the genus Cercerts, 

Latr.; marginal cell without an 
APPEMAaAge eqs ass +e hes. eee. ee(O) ,Ceramioides: Salissites 
(Type C. cerceriformis, Sauss.) 


7. Second cubital cell subquadrate, not or scarcely longer than wide. 
Labial palpi 4-jointed ; labium long ; maxillary palpi rudimen- 
tary, 3-jointed; mandibles rather short and acute; claws 
umiaentate.. ... Neos Aah shee ..(7) Jujurtha, Saussure. 
(Type Celamies oraniensis, Lepel.) 
Labial palpi 3-jointed; labium short, bifid; maxillary palpi 
wanting; mandibles somewhat acute at apex; claws 
SIDIPIE../. . » anion, dperaseer ebiaayae dace » 6-00(0), game tIaae Satis Sikes 
(Type T. Americana, Sauss.) 


8. Marginal cell zvrth an appendage... .... eee eee ee ee eee ee ee Oe 
Marginal cell without an appendage. 
Eyes in ¢ normal, the lateral ocelli away from the eye margin. . 9. 
Eyes in ¢ abnormal, very strongly converging above or holoptic, 
the Jateral ocelli touching the eye margin (? unknown). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 221 





Scape large, globular, the pedicel annular ; flagellum very 
long, terminating in a large club, joints 1 to 5 elongate, 
slender, cylindrical, the first joint shorter than either 
jOints; 2yor 3) aA anaes ay. Masaris, Hab. (partinn), 

(?) @ M. Texana, Cr., (?) g. nov. 
g. Scape and pedicel large, globular, nearly equal ; first joint of flagellum 
longer than either 2 or 3; labium long; maxillary palpi rudimen- 
tary, 3-jointed ; mandibles short and acute; first joint of hind 
tarsi zof as long as all the other joints united; claws with a 
Chih eee ee eee (9) Celonites, eatrenlle: 
(Type Vespa abbreviata, Villers.) 
Scape elongate, the pedicel small; flagellum in ¢ elongate, joints 2 
to 6 elongate, cylindrical, subequal, in @ short, the first joint as 
long as 2-4 united, the latter being very short ; first joint of hind 
tarsi elongate, as long as all the following united; claws simple, 
WUNOULATOOU. iva ws) else eee OF Ae CO) Masanis; “Babricius. 
(Type M. vespiformis, Fabr.) 
10. Scape not elongate, hardly thrice as long as thick, the pedicel 
annular ; first joint of flagellum in @ as long as joints 2-3 united, 
in ¢ with joints r to 4 elongate; first joint of hind tarsi a little 
longer than all the following joints united, the second and third 
only a little longer than thick ; claws long, 
Simplest oe eaikich oie ae. CP seudemasaris, Ashmead, a now. 
(Type Masaris occidentalis, Cress.) 
Scape elongate, about four times as long as thick, the pedicel hardly 
longer than thick ; first joint of flagellum in 9 not longer than 2-3 
united ; first joint of hind tarsi shorter than all the following joints 
united ; claws very small..°..........-(22) Quartinia, Gribodo. 
(Type Q. dilecta, Gribodo.) 
FaMiILy XX XI.—Chrysidide. 
1825. Chrysides, Cinquieme Tribe, Latreille. Fam. Nat. Regn 
Anim., p. 448. 
1830. Chrysides, Tribe VIII., Leach. Edinb, Ency., IX., p. 146. 
1839. Chryside, Fam. 18, Haliday. Hym. Syn., p. ii. 
1845. Chrysidiformes, Dahlbom. Hym. Enc., II., p. 2. 
1877. Chrysostilba, Tribe 13, Forster. Ueber d. Syst. Werth d. 
Flugelg. bei den Hym., p. 20 


bo 
bo 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Abroad, the wasps belonging to this family are known as “ruby- 
tailed flies” and ‘‘ gold-wasps.” 

Cuckoo wasps is a better name for them. They are among the 
handsomest of all wasps, being most frequently of a brilliant metallic 
green, blue-green, blue, purplish or cupreous; they are rarely wholly 
black, and still more rarely variegated with yellow or testaceous. 

All the species are parasitic or inquilinous, principally in the nests of 
bees and wasps. ‘The potter-wasps (Zumenide) and the leaf-cutting bees 
( Megachilide, subfamily Osmiine) are especially subject to their attacks ; 
they have also been bred from the nests of other bees and wasps, and a 
few are said to have been bred from the larve of sawflies (Tenthredinoidea), 

Dahlbom was among the first to separate the family into groups, 
which he called families. He established six families: (1) Cleptide, 
(2) Elampide, (3) Hedychride, (4) Chrysidide, (5) Euchreide, and 
(6) Parnopide. All of these, except the Auchreide, are natural groups, 
recognized to-day as subfamilies, and he, and not Aaron and Mocsary, 
should receive credit for first pointing them out. 

In 1889 an excellent monograph of this family, entitled ‘‘ Mono- 
graphia Chrysidarum orbis terrarum universi,” was published by Alexander 
Mocsary,at Buda-Pesth,Hungary. It is a large 4to, of 643 pages, illustrated 
with two plates, gives a full bibliography of the tamily, tables for recogniz- 
ing the subfamilies and genera, and terminates with a list of the hosts from 
which these wasps have been bred. It is the best work ever published on 
the family, and will be found indispensable to the student. 

Mocsary, in this work, recognized seven subfamilies: (1) Amzsegine, 
(2) Cleptine, (3) Allocoeline, (4) Ellampine, (5) Hedychrine, (6) Chry- 
sidine, and (7) Faruopine. 

In 1890, after this work had been published, Mocsary established 
another subfamily, the Ade/phineg, based upon a Mexican genus, Ade/phe, 
placing it next to the Am/ésegine. In my opinion this subfamily does not 
represent a natural group, and I have here merged it with the Cleptine. 

It will also be observed that I have not followed Mocsary in his 
arrangement of the subfamilies. My reasons for this are simple. I 
believe the family Chrysidide, through the Cleptine and the Amisegine, 
is quite closely allied to the family Bethyde, and by the arrangement 
here proposed, a very natural transition into this family is shown. The 
Parnopine, although very far removed, appear to me to approach nearest 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 22S 





to the Masaride and the Eumenide, and hence I begin with them, rather 
than with the Amsegine, as Mocsary has done. 

This paper was ready for publication when I received the July No. 
of Zeitchr. f. Hym., n. Dipt., in which Mr. Adolphe Ducke has established 
a new subfamily, the Psewdepyrine, based upon a new genus discovered in 
Brazil. 

This subfamily, judging from the description alone, is hardly 
justifiable, all the characters given, except those of the abdomen, 
agreeing with the A/ocoeline, and I have here merged it with that 
subfamily. 


Table of Subfamilies. 


Face more or less convex, never concave; prothorax quadrate, 
subtrapezoidal or longer than wide, and as long or longer than the 
mesonotum : abdomen depressed, subconvex or convex beneath, 
the female with 2 or 4 dorsal segments, the male with 4 or 5 seg- 
AVY MEG ce ARO oh (n, ¢ RRM EO 6 fe -0 eh RS A Re ARB, nS con 

Face more or less concave ; prothorax transverse quadrate or rec- 
tangular, shorter than the mesonotum ; abdomen concave beneath, 
with 3 dorsal segments, rarely with 4 segments in some males. 

Maxille and labium normal, the ligula subconical, the galea 
TOUNdedODtUSE. 5 3. hae ae: ae oat SVETAS SUM) a geen 

Maxile and ease abnormal, fie hela and ales very long, 
produced into a slender, filiform beak, resembling the pro- 
boscis of bees, and bent back under the thorax in repose ; 
front wings with the discoidal cell distinct ; abdomen in @ 
with 3, in ¢ with 4 segments, the last zw/thouf pits or foveole, 
but with a broad deep submarginal furrow on each side of the 
apical half; apex of abdomen irregularly denticu- 
late ae Bab. ad: . Se eee Sabiamily a Rarmopine: 


2. Third abdominal wt a submarginal series of pits or foveole, con- 
tained in a groove or declivity, the apical margin rarely unarmed, 
most frequently angulate, dentate or serrate ; front wings with a 
distinct discoidal cell ; claws simple. ..Subfamily IT.—Chrysidine. 
Third abdominal segment zwéthout a submarginal series of pits or 
foveole in a groove or declivity, the surface therefore entire, 
smooth ; front wings with the discoidal cell frequently wanting or 
incomplete ; claws bifid, serrate or pectinate. 


224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











Front wings with the first and second discoidal cells usually 
more or less present and complete, or at least indicated by 
fuscous lines ; apical margin of the last dorsal segment entire, 
very rarely undulate or more or less angulate 
Tterally cigar eist seo oleh aes Subfamily I11.—Hedychrine. 

Front wings with the first and second discoidal cells wanting, 
rarely with the second indicated by water lines; apical margin 
of the last dorsal segment medially excised or truncate— 
emarginate, rarely entire or subsinuate, scarcely excisely 
(HaVLLOCTCLESY) chen PRM ey ic Se Si .. Subfamily 1V.—Elampine. 

3. Metatheraxsunarmed, the -hind.angles roundedtii7.. 8 <1. Gn. 4: 
Metathorax with the hind angles acute or toothed; pronotum usually 
longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, rarely quadrate. 

Pronotum zw/¢hout a transverse furrow anteriorly ; abdomen in 
2 with 2 or 3 dorsal segments, the apical margin of the 
last rounded, edentate; claws with one tooth 
beneath. Reo ee .. Subfamily V.—Allocoeline. 

Pronotum with a transverse ae anteriorly ; abdomen in @ 


with 4 dorsal ERAN in ¢ with 5 
SESMEMES ci as ati .. Subfamily VI.—Cleptine. 


4. Pronotum broad, quadrate or btaoeronil usually as jong as the 
mesonotum, rarely a little shorter; abdomen much depressed, the 
known forms with 4 or 5 distinct dorsal 
SESMEMES esas]. ice ee aes Oe as SUDREMILY. VoL — Anmiseeniings 


SUBFAMILY I.—Parnopine. 

The abnormally lengthened labium and maxilla, as well as the 
venation of front wings and the peculiarities of the abdomen, render the 
subfamily easily recognized. 

It is represented at present by a single genus, and ail of the species 
apparently confine their attacks to wasps belonging to the family 
Bombicide. 

Abdomen in ? with 3 segments, in ¢ with 4 segments, the terminal seg- 
ment minutely denticulate at apex; postscutellum lamelliform, projecting; 
labium and maxillz abnormally long ............ Parnopes, Latreille. 

(Type Chrysis grandior, Pallas.) 


SUBFAMILY II.—Chrysidine. 
This is the largest and most extensive group in the family. It is 
easily recognized by the simple, edentate claws, by the front wings having 


bS 
bo 
or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





a distinct discoidal cell, and by the abdomen, which is composed of only 
3 visible segments, the third segment always having a groove or declivity 
before its apex, which is filled with pits or foveole, the margin being 
usually dentate or serrate, rarely simple or unarmed. 

The wasps of this subfamily attack principally bees belonging to the 
families Anthophoride, Megachilide, Andrenide and Panurgide, and 
wasps of the family LAamenide ; they also attack those of the families 
Pemphredonide, Philanthide, Larride, Sphecide and Scoliide. 

Chryaspis, Saussure, described from Africa, I do not know, nor can 
I find out where it is described, the Zoological Record, and Dalla Torre, 
in his catalogue, being deficient in citing the publication. Both give Soc. 
Entom,, II., 1887, p. 25. What entomological society ? 


Table of Genera. 


Head normal, not rostriform ; postscutellum normal, the basal part 

wot, covercduby the Scutelliumpre,. 9:2 zebyat uae « osc occann set ae 

Head rostriform, the frons narrowed ; postscutellum conically pro- 

duced, the basal part wholly covered by the scutellum. 

Postscutellar process excavated ; third joint of antennze /omger 

thanythe fourth : tose 22,4 «+s, 0s aeeae( 1) Stilbumspinglar 

(Type Chrysis cyanura, Forster.) 

Postscutellar process not excavated, convex; third joint of 
antennz usually distinctly shorter than the 

Fowunplie 2.4 bh. Py eee ye meee?) Gia ene let ieee 

(Type Chrysis lyncea, Fabr.) 

2. Apical margin of the third dorsal abdominal segment normal, or 

without a pellucid or subcoriaceous membrane. SNe eae aa 

Apical margin of the third dorsal abdominal segment abnormal 
composed of a pellucid or subcoriaceous mem- 

BRAM eitee este ehsgiees FC icie: xis DRCNet ane. “(Sa LO DATES Kea 

(Type 5. chrysonota (Klug.), Dahlb.) 


3, Hront wings zez/ a complete discoidaltcell: (2m... )-. 4: . 25 2 = eee 
Front wings wzthout a complete discoidal cell..................8. 
“4 Antenne, legs amd tibial’spurs normalscs22 ose +4... 0. 27 eae 


Antenne, legs and tibial spurs abnormal. 

Apical margin of the third abdominal segment 6-dentate ; 
antenne with the joints of the flagellum 

dilated GP i. eae veces) Pleuroceray Guerm 

(Type P. viridis, Guerin.) 


bo 
bo 
(or) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





5. Apical margin of third abdominal segment zof finely denticulate, 
entire, notched, or terminating in from one to seven teeth....6. 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment finely denticulate or with 
many teeth. 
Front wings with an zxcompdete marginal cell. 
Mesopleura bispinose..............(5) Euchrceus, Latreille. 
(Type Chrysis purpurata, Fabr.) 
Mesopleura normal, unarmed............Spinola, Dahlbom. 
Front wings with a complete marginal cell. 
Apex of abdomen with rr small 
teeth 6 J i-Aa nae oie so es (Oe olydonins, Radoszkowska: 
(Type P. Stschurovskyi, Radosz.) 
6. Apex of abdomen not terminating in a tooth, entire, undulate, notched 
OG AMPMLALE os 15a Gay anole & sake les Pale ek en Meee yemte meaty 
Apex of abdomen terminating in from one to seven teeth. 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment terminating in 7 
He 2d me oeor ees Aas sees veep ol 7) ELeptachrysis, Moecsary: 
(Type Chrysis festina, Smith.) 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment terminating in 6 
oC ne on Ae eres Mn Ste eoy pO oievetispes Wpuc yates 
(= Hexachrysis, Licht.) 
(Type Chrysis ignita, Linné.) 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment terminating in 5 
fects 2... Tea ye ee. (oy rentachrysist leiehtenstem: 
(Type Chrysis amcena, Eversm. ) 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment terminating in 4 
teeth tee ean se GEG) We prachinysis. |stehtemSteine 
(Type Chrysis aeruyinosa, Dahlb.) 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment terminating in 3 
teeth. {05 dre seem (10). Line MnyGis. GMichlenstenn: 
(Type Chrysis cyanea, L.) 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment terminating in 2 
feeth. <. 2... 2st ~~ haidtanetee a he) Dichavsiks ichtenstem: 
Apical margin of third abdominal segment terminating in a 
single central tooth.... ....(13) Monochrysis, Lichtenstein. 
(Type Chrysis hybrida, Lepel.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. It 





7. Apical margin of third abdominal segment undulate, notched or 
angulates). Js ds0a. ses» 62 2. -(74) Gonochtysis, Tichtenstein. 
(Type Chrysis albipennis, Klug.) 


Apical margin of third abdominal segment 


eNtirely ens eee eh os tie cee see (E5)) Olochrysismmichitenstenr: 
(Type Chrysis aerata, Dahlb.) 
8. Body narrow, slender..................+--(16) Chrysogona, Forster. 


(Type C. gracillima, Forster. 
SupFraMILy IIJ.—Hedychrine. 


This group is closely allied to the Elampenze, where Aaron placed it, 
and probably the slight difference in venation used by Mocsary will not 
always prove satisfactory. The characters of the claws given by Dahlbom 
are entirely worthless to separate these wasps from the E/ampine. 

The third abdominal segment is always normal, wthout a groove or 
declivity filled with a submarginal series of pits or foveole, and this 
character separates the group from the Chrysidine; while from the 
Elampine it is usually easily distinguished by the venation of the front 
wings, the first and second discoidal cells being usually distinct, complete. 

The wasps of this subfamily are most frequently bred from the nests 
of the Pemphredonide and Trypfoxylide, although they attack other wasps, 
Philanthide, Stizide, and Sphecide. A few are also recorded from bees, 
Megachilide, Andrenide, Panurgide, etc. 


Table of Genera. 


1. Submedian cell zo¢ longer than the median, the transverse median 
nervure interstitial with the basal nervure. ................+2, 
Submedian ceil longer than the median, the transverse median nervure 
originating beyond the basal nervure. 

Claws with 4 or more teeth beneath; first and second discoidal 

cells distinct or indicated by fuscous 
MNEEVUEES as cle as. 2-4 ls cist he eee me Elolopyea, Dahilbome 
(Type H. amcenula, Dahlb.) 


2. Claws with one small tooth beneath, at or near the middle ; abdomen 

with the third segment at apex entire or broadly 
SIMMALe nooks teeetoreene .....(2) Hedychridium, Abeilie. 
‘ype Chae andene (Latreille), Coquebert.) 


228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Claws cleft or bifid; abdomen with the third segment laterally rather 
strongly sinuate, and appearing more or less distinctly angu- 
lates...) 2 ah eenebe nee & Ars Oe eenaaet. oe (2) veledyelrunmicdpreniies 

(Type Sphex nobilis, Scopoli.) 


SUBFAMILY IV,—Elampine. 


This group could only be confused with the Hedychrine, the only 
available character to separate it from that group, and probably not a 
reliable character, being the apparent absence of discoidal cells in the 
front wings. I have examined many specimens, and in nearly all I can 
clearly detect these cells by hyaline veins, when examined through 
a bright light. 


Table of Genera. 


Postscutellum seen from the side gibbous, convex, subconvex or 
obtusely produced, rarely subconical. RL Paes att, 

Postscutellum seen from the side Seanmnatcly srednced into a 
depressed blade or ledge. 

Front femora towards base rectangularly dilated ; abdomen with 
the third segment at apex medially most frequently strongly 
narrowed, reflexed and truncate ; claws with 3-6 
FEUDS ssa tisitalate opie ise ie ele a) oa eke epee ii) SINOLOZ Se aH OEStete 

(Ripe Hedychrum spina, Lepel.) 
2. Posterior tibiae normal. ae 
Posterior tibiz in ¢ dil lated, cpimneeecea 

Abdomen with the third segment at apex undulate or rounded 
centrally, almost entire, very slightly sinuate, scarcely incised ; 
pronotum declivous before ; claws with 3 
beeths 2 dues SO ae oe ete elo ae 5 2 (2) Seamlocteres wAtbemles 

(Type Elampus micans, Klug.) 


- 3; 


3. Abdomen with the third segment at apex medially zof truncate, and, 
viewed laterally, not forming a snout-like projection...........4. 
Abdomen with the third segment at apex medially truncate, and, as 
viewed laterally, forming a snout-like projection that appears 
truncate ; seen from behind, it is usually incised or emarginate 
below. 
Surface of the third segment, just above the snout-like projection, 
produced into a cone-shaped piece forming the direct apex of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 





a fold which extends on each side just above the apical and 
lateral margins ; claws with 2-3 teeth 
Within nero tai states... + (3) Diplonhes Agron, 
(Type D. plicatus, Aaron.) 
Surface of the third segment above the snout-like projection 
even, zof produced ; claws with two or more teeth; pronotum 
nearly regularly convex..... ..... ..(4) Elampus, Spinola. 
(Type Sphex auratus, Linné.) 
4. Abdomen with the third segment at apex medially more or less 
distinctly excised; claws with 3-8 teeth 
Peneatite sad... &2s sememen ees) Rseudamalustexshm,:o..nov, 
(Type Omalus semicircularis, Aaron.) 
Abdomen with the third segment at apex rounded, entire ; claws with 
arteeth bemeathins . =. ..s aes seas « is (6) blolophriss Mocsary. 
(Type H. marginellus, Mocs.) 


SuBFAMILY V.—Allocceline. 


This subfamily was established by Mocsary. It is allied to the 
Cleptine, but is easily distinguished by the absence of a transverse 
furrow on the pronotum, by the paucity of visible segments in the 
abdomen, there being only two or three, and by the claws, which are 
armed with a tooth beneath. 

Ducke’s recently-established subfamily Psewdepyrine seems to fall 
in here. 

In the character of the pronotum, the group shows some affinity with 
the Amisegine, but from that group it is easily separated by the unidentate 
claws, the armed metathorax, and by the totally different shaped abdomen. 


Table of Genera. 


Pronotum twice wider than long ; abdomen with three segments, the 
last with a finely elevated apical margin ..(1) Pseudepyris, Ducke. 
(Type P. paradoxa, Ducke.) 

Pronotum longer than wide, trapezoidal; abdomen with only two 
visible segments, the last with the apical margin rounded, 
CUENIALC, Canines asia) hyo 2e enepeAmoccelia MOEsa ny 
(Type Anthracia capensis, Smith.) 


230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





SUBFAMILY VI.—Cleptine. 


The acute or toothed hind angles of the metathorax separate this 
subfamily from the Amzsegine, while from the A//oceline, to which it is 
most closely allied, it is separated by the pronotal differences, the 
pronotum in this group always being divided by a transverse furrow 
anteriorly. 

In venation the group is practically identical with many forms in the 
family Bethylide, and this resemblance is so striking that quite recently 
an eminent French hymenopterist classified Heteroce/id, Dahlbom, with 
the Bethylide. 

All the species bred are recorded fram the larve of sawflies 
( Nematide ). 


Table of Genera. 


Front wings with the first and second discoidal cells distinct, 

Complete. wi: s ep ie ‘ eile beeen ee 

Front wings with the ae aad seconeh iseoidal cells bianting or 

AINCOMINEIS Ss. det Srnec «a oso tha a ee ee eae Seen eee 

2. Eyes large, oval ; antennze wof inserted on a tubercle; clypeus without 
a prominent carina; scutum of metathorax 

VISIDIGMIG: «0 Ce eons Gh cs tits cee eieemeee (1 UG Epes: Maamreties 

(Type Sphex semiaurata, Linné.) 

Eyes smail, rounded ; antenne inserted on a small tubercle ; clypeus 

with a strong prominent carina its entire length; scutum of 


metathorax wanting.............. ..(2) Heteroccelia, Dahlbom. 
3. Pronotum quadrate, with a transverse arcuate furrow anteriorly ; 
claws with a median tooth beneath........(3) Adelphe, Mocsary. 


(Type A. mexicana, Mocsary.) 
SuBFAMILY VII.—Amisegine. 


This small group is known at once by the metathorax being unarmed, 
the hind angles being always rounded, never acute. The pronotum is 
broad, quadrate, or nearly, usually wider than long, and as long as the 
mesonotum or a little shorter. ‘The abdomen is much depressed, oval, 
the known forms having 4 or 5 distinct dorsal segments. 

The species can be easily confused with genuine Bethylids, and the 
connection between these insects and the family Lethy/ide@ is very close. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. vege | 





Table of Genera. 


Front wings with two discoidal cells, or at least these are indicated by 
fuscous streaks ; antennze 13-jointed. 

Pronotum as long or a little longer than the mesonotum, the 
latter without parapsidal furrows, but with a grooved line at 
sides just above the tegule ; abdomen with 5 visible dorsal 
segments ; marginal cell open at apex ; discoidal cells usually 
incomplete, indicated by fuscous 
StregdkS 0's > sien (0) Mesitiopteriggshtead. ace: 

(Type M. Kahlii, Ashm.) 

Pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, the latter with parapsidal 
furrows ; abdomen with 4 visible segments; marginal cell 
closed ; discoidal cells distinct.. ....(2) Amisega, Cameron. 

(Type A. cuprifrons, Cam.) 


Mesitiopterus Kahlil, n. sp. 


¢.--Length 3mm. Head and thorax bronzed green, punctate, the 
metanotum smooth, with a median carina ; scape, pedicel and legs, except 
the middle and hind coxee, rufous ; abdomen black, the first segment at 
apex and the large second segment, except at apex, minutely punctate. 
Wings hyaline, the subcostal vein and the stigma brown-black, the other 
veins testaceous; the venation is as in the Bethylid genus AZesitius, 
Spinola, and is also much as in C/lepées, Latr.; there are two indistinct 
discoidal cells represented by slight fuscous streaks. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6343, U. S. N. M (Ashmead collection). 

Hab.—Kansas, Lawrence. Taken by Mr. Hugo Kahl, July 7, 18096. 


Mesitiopterus Townsendi, n. sp. 


g.—Length 2 mm. Head and thorax aeneous black, punctate ; 
scape of antenne obclavate, aeneous black, the flagellum dull black ; tips 
of front and middle tibiz and their tarsi, except at apex, testaceous, the 
hind tarsi fuscous, testaceous basally and beneath. Abdomen aeneous 
black, punctured very nearly asin JZ, Kah/ii. Wings subhyaline, hyaline 
basally, the venation as in previous species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6344, U. S. N. M (Ashmead collection). 

Hab.—Mexico, San Rafael, Jicoltepec (Prof. Tyler Townsend). 


232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





ON THE TY PECORA RES GENUs.<COCCUS. I. 
BY MRS. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 


The first attempt to separate the species given under Coccus in the 
tcth edition of the Systema Naturz of Linneus, was made by Geoffroy, in 
his Histoire Abregée des Insectes, Vol. I. (1762), where he placed a part 
of them under Chermes and left adonidum and phalaridis, with his new 
species w/mi, under Coccus. Of these species only phalaridis was given 
under the genus Coccws by Linneus in his roth edition, and is therefore 
the only species that could be regarded as the type of Coccus so far as 


Geoffroy is concerned. 

In c8o2y Latreille, in Volk UM. ,p. 267, »of his* Hist: Nat Crust. Ins, 
established Aesperidum as the type of the genus Coccus. I have not been 
able to find that any of the writers between the appearance of the work 
of Geoffroy and that of Latreille published anything that would fix the 
type of Coccus. Leach in 1815 and Samouelle in 1819 adopted cacti 
as the type, but the statement made by Leach that it ‘inhabits fruit 
trees”? makes it quite certain that he had under consideration neither 
cacti, L., nor the cochineal insect. Samouelle merely copies Leach. 
Curtis, in his British Entomology (1838), gives cact/, L., as the type, but 
none of these three authors could affect the question, as the type had 
already been established by Latreille, if not by Geoffroy, as shown above. 

The phadaridis of Linneus was so obscure an insect that the author 
himself could not determine whether it was a Coccus,an Aphis ora Chermes. 
Fonscolombe, in describing his Coccus radicum graminis (Ann. Soc. Ent, 
Fr. II]., 212, 1834), gave the synonymy as follows: /Phalaridis (?), 
Linn., Fab., non C. phalaridis, Enc. Meth. nec Geoffr. Prof. Cockerell 
has suggested the idea that the pha/aridis of Geoffroy was possibly not 
the same species as the Linnean insect, which is precisely the same idea 
that Fonscolombe had, as shown by his synonomy. Since it is probably 
impossible to prove that Geoffroy had any of the Linnean species of the 
1oth edition in his restricted genus, the only safe ground will be to adopt 
the type established by Latreille in 1802, at least till further light is 
obtained on the identity of phalaridis, L., which at present 1s unknown. 

If, therefore, we adopt Aesperidum as the type of Coccus, the genera 
Calymnatus and Calyfticus of Costa and Lecanium of Burmeister will fall 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233 





as synonyms of Coccus, and a new subfamily name will have to be 
substituted for Lecanzine@ and also for the subfamily now called Coccine. 

The species cacti, L., as has been shown by Prof. Cockerell, is a 
Monophlebus and must be known by the name of MWonophlebus cacti, L. 
This insect, so far as can be learned from the writings of those who are 
known to have had this species before them for study, does not possess 
colouring matter. When Fabricius and others simply copy the description 
of Linfeus without changing it in any way we must consider it as 
pertaining to the Linnean species only, but when they add to that 
description the word “ tinctorium,” as Fabricius does in some of his later 
writings, we must conclude that he has confounded the cochineal insect 
with the Linnean species which has the following synonomy : 


Coceus\ cacti, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed: X., Vol. L., p. 457 (1758). 

Coccus cacti, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. XIL., Vol. I., p. 742 (1766). 

Coccus cacti, Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 744 (1775). 

Coccus cacti, DeGeer, Ins. Vol. 6, p. 447 (1776). 

Coccus cacti, Fab., Spec. Ins., Vol. II., p. 395 (1781) in part. 

Coccus cacti, Gmel., Syst. Nat., Ed. XIII., Vol. I., part IV., p. 2220 
(1788-93) in part. 

Coccus cacti, Fab., Ent. Syst., Vol. LV., p. 227 (1794) in part. 

Coccus cacti, Fab., Syst. Rhyng., p. 311 (1803) in part, 

Monophlebus cacti, Ckll., Science, n. ser., Vol. XV., p. 718 (1902). 

The cochineal insect, so long confounded with cact2, L., was called 
by the specific name of cactz through a misapprehension, from the time of 
Fabricius till Costa, in his Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Emitteri, 
described the species under the name of Dactylopius coccus, in such a 
manner that there can be no doubt that he was dealing with the cochineal 
insect. In 1833 Brandt described it very fully, with excellent illustra- 
tions, under the name of Coccus cactz, and, while he supposed he had the 
Linnean species, his description and illustrations apply only to the 
cochineal insect. The synonomy of this insect is too extensive to be 
given here, but will appear in my Catalogue of the Coccidz soon to be 
published. 

The leading facts in this paper were prepared at my request by my 
husband, Prof. C. H. Fernald, in reply to questions from Prof. Cockerell, 
who requested him to publish the results of his investigations on the 
subject, but as Mr. Fernald does not wish to publish on the Coccidee, he 
has turned the matter over to me to prepare for publication, 


234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF BEES. 
BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR. 


The specimens on which this paper is based are in the collection of 
the University of Nebraska, unless otherwise stated. Especial acknow- 
ledgments are due to Prof. Cockerell for specimens and suggestions, to 
Prof. Titus for specimens, and to Prof. Bruner for overseeing my work. 

Flalictus montanus, n. sp.—Female: Black, head closely coarsely 
and deeply punctured on the vertex, coarser along the inner orbits, less 
closely on the face below the antennz; clypeus sparsely and more 
coarsely punctured, fringed with golden hair at the apex; mandibles 
black, teddish at tips ; antenne black, flagellum dark brownish beneath 
towards tip ; pubescence of head and thorax griseous, slightly tinged with 
ochraceous on the thorax, thin on the disc of mesothorax, dense on 
pleura and cheeks; thorax closely and rather coarsely punctured ; base of 
metathorax enclosed and finely rugose, truncation finely roughened and 
with large punctures; tegule large, testaceous, and with punctures 
anteriorly ; wings slightly yellowish, clouded apically ; nervures and 
stigma bright testaceous; legs black, tarsi and hind tibie behind 
ferruginous ; pubescence of legs slightly ochraceous, on inner side of 
tarsi and hind tibize golden ; inner hind tibial spur with many short blunt 
teeth ; abdomen black, very finely punctured, apical margins of segments 
with yellowish-white hair bands, bases of segments 2-4 also showing 
slight hair bands ; pubescence at base of first segment griseous, on discs 
of other segments black, not showing plainly except from the sides. 
Length, 12-14 mm. 

Male.—Similar to the female, but with the usual narrow form of the 
male. Most of mandibles and labrum and anterior half of clypeus 
yellowish-white, that on the clypeus produced to a tooth medially at rear ; 
femora black, front and intermediate ones with a whitish stripe anteriorly, 
and all knees whitish ; tibize yellowish white, with black stripes in front 
and behind ; tarsi yellowish-white, apical joints tinged with reddish ; 
antenne long, reaching the metathorax, black, dull brownish beneath. 
In pubescence and punctuation like the female, the punctuation much 
closer, however. Length, about 12 mm. 

Twelve female specimens: Big Horn Mts., Wyo.; Sioux Co., Nebr.; 
Logan, Utah; Laramie, Wyo.; Wawawai, Wash. (R. W. Doane, coll.); 
Wawawai, Yakima, and Almota, Wash. (C. V. Piper, coll.). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 235 





Ten male specimens: Wawawai, Wash. (C. V. Piper, coll.); East 
Wash. 

Flalictus Titus?, n. sp.—Q. Black, head shining, vertex, clypeus 
and supraclypeal space with sparse and large punctures; sides of face 
with close, large, oblique punctures or depressions ; mandibles black ; 
antenne dark, flagellum slightly brownish; head with sparse long 
pubescence, on cheeks and vertex slightly tinged with ochraceous ; 
mesothorax with a bluish reflection, smooth with sparse large shallow 
punctures, scutellum with similar but smaller punctures ; teguie large, 
shining, punctured, dark, with a lighter centre and broad testaceous 
margin ; base of metathorax enclosed, closely, rather finely, longitudinally 
striate ; wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish ; nervures and stigma 
testaceous; thorax with long griseous hair slightly tinged with ochraceous ; 
legs black, apical joints of tarsi ferruginous ; pubescence of legs slightly 
ochraceous ; of tarsi decidedly so ; inner spur of hind tibize with many 
short blunt teeth; abdomen dull, smooth,with a very few shallow punctures, 
almost imperceptible ; apical half of segments depressed ; basal margins 
of segments 2—4 with a broad thin band of appressed white pubescence ; 
last segment almost covered with this pubescence. Length, about 
ro mm. 

Type from San Diego, Calif. 

Dedicated to Prof. Titus, from whom it was received. 

This species is close to 7. ¢rizonatus, Cress., in general appearance, 
but is slightly more robust, the abdominal bands thinner and more 
griseous, the thorax less densely punctured, the abdomen with fewer 
punctures, etc. 


Hlalictus fulgidus, 0. sp.—@. Black, shining, head very closely 
and coarsely punctured above the level of the antennze, more sparsely so 
below ; clypeus and supraclypeal space sparsely punctured, the former 
fringed with golden hairs; mandibles black, rufous towards tips ; 
antenne black, toward tip dark reddish brown ; pubescence of head 
griseous and rather scanty; mesothorax finely tessellate, densely punctured 
along the edges, more sparsely so on the disc ; pubescence long, thin and 
griseous, denser on pleura; metathorax shining black, coarsely rugose, 
truncation with a few coarse rugz, but very finely striate all over ; tegule 
shining black, externally testaceous; wings hyaline, nervures and 
stigma testaceous ; legs black, apical joints of tarsi ferruginous, basal 
joints more or less so ; pubescence of legs griseous, slightly tinged with 


a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ochraceous, on the tarsi golden ; inner hind tibial spur with four long 
teeth, outer pectinate; abdomen shining, very finely tessellate, first 
segment sparsely and finely punctured, the remaining segments densely 
punctured at base, becoming more sparsely so towards rear; bases of 
segments 2-4 with bands of appressed white pubescence ; abdomen with 
sparse white pubescence, more conspicuous at sides and at apex, where it 
is slightly golden ; very narrow apical margin of segments testaceous ; 
venter dark dull reddish-brown. Length, about 9 mm. 

Twenty-three specimens, Lincoln, Nebr., Apr., on willow, plum and 
apricot. 

Flalictus Cockerelli, n. sp. —@. Black, head closely and finely 
punctured ; large and sparse on the clypeus, which is fringed with golden 
hairs ; flagellum of antenne ferruginous beneath, apical joints entirely so ; 
face and cheeks densely clothed with white appressed pubescence ; 
mandibles, except tips, ferruginous ; mesothorax rather closely and very 
finely punctured, the surface finely roughened ; median and parapsidal 
grooves plain ; metathorax with fine rug proceeding from the base, but 
not reaching the apex ; wings hyaline, splendidly iridescent ; nervures, 
stigma and tegule testaceous ; second submarginal cell greatly narrowed 
to marginal ; third not much narrowed ; legs brownish, knees, apices of 
tibie and tarsi entirely, testaceous ; pubescence of legs griseous, of tarsi 
golden ; inner hind tibial spur with about four or five short, blunt teeth ; 
abdomen shining, finely punctured and finely transversely striate, 
brownish, the apical margins broadly depressed and testaceous ; basal 
margins of segments 2-4 with bands of appressed white pubescence ; 
venter dull testaceous. Length, about 5-5!4 mm. 

Described from five specimens collected by Prof. Cockerell at Santa 
Fe and Mesilia, N. M., Apr. 22nd to July, on old flower clusters of 
Virginia Creeper and on flowers of yellow Sisymbrium. 

Dedicated to Prof. Cockerell for his many kindnesses and aid in 
various ways. 

Ffalictus pictus, n. sp.—Q. Head and thorax brassy-green ; head 
very strongly and closely punctured on the vertex, below the antennz 
the punctures large and coarse ; clypeus and supra-clypeal space sparsely 
punctured, the former purplish black at apex, fringed with golden hairs ; 
mandibles ferruginous, dusky at base and near apex at times; sides of 
face with appressed white pubescence ; antennz with scape and flagellum 
above black, flagellum beneath ferruginous ; mesothorax with strong 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Zan 





punctures sparser on the disc, closer at the edges, tessellate all over ; 
scutellum with smaller and sparser punctures ; pleura with long white 
pubescence ; metathorax with a few fine ruge on base, not reaching 
apex ; tegule testaceous; nervures and stigma honey colour; femora 
dark brownish ; tibiz more or less, and tarsi entirely, ferruginous ; their 
pubescence white tinged with golden, inner spur of hind tibie with two 
or three long teeth; abdomen ferruginous, shining, apical segments 
dusky at times ; the first two segments naked on the disc, other segments 
covered with whitish pubescence ; venter ferruginous. Length, 4%4—- 
6 mm. 

Twenty-seven specimens: Sioux Co., and West Point, Holt Co., 
Nebr., on wild and cultivated Rose, and Mentzelia, June roth to July 8th. 

Differs from 7. Kunzez in the mesothorax, not smooth centrally, the 
abdomen not black apically, and well clothed with pubescence, etc. 


Ffalictus Bruneri, n. sp.— Head and thorax brassy green, pleura 
more olive green; head coarsely and closely punctured ; clypeus with 
coarser and sparser punctures and black apically ; mandibles ferruginous 
anteriorly; antennz black; sides of face and cheeks with thin whitish 
pubescence ; mesothorax anteriorly coarsely rugose, elsewhere very 
coarsely and rather closely punctured; pleura coarsely rugose ; 
metathorax coarsely rugose, truncation with a salient rim and rugose ; 
legs black, hind with ferruginous ; all tarsi ferruginous and apices of 
tibize and knees ferruginous ; wings hyaline, very slightly dusky, nervures 
and stigma dark testaceous : tegulee dark brown, anteriorly punctured ; 
abdomen black, shining, covered with appressed ochraceous pubescence, 
except discs of segments one and two. 

Four’ 2: ) West Port; Nebr., June <7-1ro, rgor, om rose and 
honeysuckle. ‘Types in the author’s collection. 


fTalictus rugosus, 0. sp.—. Head and thorax greenish blue, thinly 
clothed with pale pubescence, slightly ochraceous on the vertex and 
dorsum of mesothorax, and longer on the cheeks and pleura; head 
behind the eyes finely roughened, in front coarsely and confluently 
punctured and also tessellate ; less closely punctured below the antenne ; 
clypeus sparsely and very coarsely punctured, blackish anteriorly; supra- 
clypeal space finely punctured and tessellate ; mandibles black, reddish 
medially; antenne black, the flagellum dull brownish beneath apically ; 
mesothorax finely roughened, the disc very coarsely and rather sparsely 
punctured, the sides and rear very coarsely reticulated, as is also the 


bo 


38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





scutellum ; pleura of mesothorax coarsely reticulated, of metathorax 
coarsely striated ; metathorax coarsely longitudinally striate, bordered 
apically by a rough irregular carina ; tegule dark, shining, with a light 
centre and a testaceous border; wings slightly dusky, stigma and 
nervures brown ; legs black, the pubescence griseous, that on the inside 
of the tarsi golden, and more or less so on the outside ; outer hind tibial 
spur pectinate, the inner one with three teeth, the last one small; 
abdomen black, polished, first segment impunctate, second finely 
punctured at base, that and the remaining segments finely transversely 
striate on the depressed apical margins ; segments two and three with 
slight basal lateral spots of pale pubescence; all segments but first 
covered with sparse pubescence, more dense apically; pubescence along 
the anal rima slightly ochraceous ; venter black, the segments tessellate, 
with large punctures, each bearing a hair; margins of ventral segments 
testaceous. Length, 6 mm. 

g.—Similar to the female in colour and sculpture, but the face more 
brassy, the reticulations of the mesothorax finer and the punctures 
sparser ; head much broader than in the female and the clypeus cocked- 
hat shaped, with fine punctures; mandibles long, slender, ferruginous 
except the black base ; antennz long, testaceous beneath the flagellum ; 
cheeks produced to a spine beneath ; wings and nervures darker; legs 
black, tarsi and base of hind tibize testaceous ; abdomen lacking the hair 
patches of the female. Length, 7 mm. 

One female, two male specimens, Nebraska City, Nebr., Sept. 12th, 
1901, on Solidago. (M. A. Carriker, Jr., coll.) Three females, Nebraska 
City, May roth, 1gor. 

Although the male differs so markedly from the female in having the 
cheeks armed and in the different shape of the head (the inner orbits 
parallel), yet they are so like in other respects that they appear to be the 
same species. 

Types in the collection of M. A. Carriker, Jr., and University of 
Nebraska. 


LExomalopsis Bruneri, n. sp—Q. Black, shining ; 


o> 


head sparsely 
punctured, vertex almost impunctate, clypeus with larger, sparse 
punctures and narrowly testaceous anteriorly ; mandibles black, reddish 
medially ; antenne, the scape slightly reddish, flagellum ferruginous more 
or less dusky above ; pubescence of face whitish, on the vertex brownish ; 
sides of face with dense white decumbent pubescence, elsewhere the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239 





pubescence of head sparse ; mesothorax rather coarsely and sparsely 
punctured, rather densely clothed with brownish pubescence, longer and 
whitish on the pleura; on the disc posteriorly sparse; the scutellum 
bare, fringed posteriorly with brown hair ; postscutellum similarly fringed 
posteriorly ; the base of the metathorax with sparse punctures, the 
truncation smooth and polished ; tegule brownish ; nervures and stigma 
honey-colour ; legs black, apical joints of tarsi ferruginous ; legs clothed 
with brownish pubescence, that on the inner side of two anterior pairs of 
tarsi reddish ; scopa of hind legs: on tibia whitish, tinged with yellow, 
on tarsus dusky reddish within ; abdomen with the first two segments 
shining, smooth, apparently punctured only at the insertion of the hairs, 
which are sparse ; the first segment truncate basally and the edge marked 
by a transverse carina; apical margins of segments with bands of 
brownish plumose pubescence, that on the first segment reduced to two 
lateral spots, slightly oblique ; rest of segments in front of bands with 
dark pubescence ; pubescence at the apex of abdomen more golden ; 
ventral segments dark, apically ferruginous. Length, 7-8 mm. 

g.—Similar to the female, but with dense hair on the face and with 
the clypeus and labrum yellowish-white ; pubescence lighter in colour ; 
tarsi ferruginous. Length, 7-8 mm. 

In old specimens the pubescence fades out and in the male becomes 
a silvery-white. Many specimens taken at Lincoln, Nebr., on Helianthus 
annuus. 

Stelis pulchra, n. sp.— 9. Head greenish, bluish on the vertex, 
coarsely and confluently punctured on the face, on the vertex less closely 
and not confluently ; thorax blue with greenish and purplish reflections, 
strongly but not closely punctured ; abdomen greenish ; pubescence on 
face light mixed with blackish and brownish hairs ; on dorsum of thorax 
light ; on pleura dark brown; on abdomen black ; scape of antenne 
greenish, punctured ; flagellum dark testaceous, last three joints flattened 
on one side; tegule bluish with a light centre, punctured ; legs same 
colour as the thorax, tarsi with dark brown hair; wings slightly dusky ; 
abdomen with yellowish-white colour bands on segments 1~4; that on 
segment one bent backwards laterally ; that on segment three attenuated 
laterally ; that on segment four not reaching the sides of the abdomen 
and attenuated laterally; all narrowed medially; beneath bluish. Length, 
about rr mm, 


240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





One specimen, Warbonnet Canyon, Sioux Co., Nebr., June 28th, 
Igor. 

Epinomia triangulifera, Vachal.—Specimens of £. persimilis, Ckll., 
were sent to Mr. Vachal, and he writes that they are identical with his 
species. This name, having priority, must take the place of the one given 
by Prof. Cockerell. 

Calliopsis verbene, var. LNebraskensis, n. var.—Q. Differs in 
having base of mandibles whitish and the apical margins of abdominal 
segments very pronouncedly testaceous ; tegule entirely black and very 
polished. 

g .—Basal joints of tarsi blackish, apical ones testaceous; abdominal 
segments as in @. 

This form was found at Lincoln, Nebr., July 4-7, and none of the 
typical form were taken. 


NEW NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA. 


BY CHAS. W. JOHNSON, PHILADELPHIA, PA- 


Vacrocera immaculata, n. sp.— fg 9. Head yellow, vertex brownish; 
antenne dark brown, the two basal joints yellow. Thorax dark yellow, 
with the anterior margin and humeri light yellow. Abdomen dark brown, 
shining, with a wide yellowish posterior margin on each segment. Legs 
yellow, slightly brownish at the tips of the femora, tibiz and tarsi; legs 
and abdomen in the male with fine black hairs, which are less conspicu- 
ous in the female. Wings yellowish hyaline, with a slight brownish 
stigma and very fine hairs. Length of body 5 mm., the antenne and 
posterior legs each about double the length of the body. 

Two specimens collected at Richetts, North Mt., Pa., June 8, and one 
from the ‘“‘ Devil’s Hole,” Niagara Falls, N. Y., June 24. It resembles JZ. 
hirsuta, Loew, but is readily distinguished by its yellowish thorax and 
immaculate wings. 

Phthiria Coquilletti, n. sp.—(Phthiria, n. sp. Smith’s Coll. Insects 
of N. J., p. 649, 1899.) ¢. Face, front and occiput black, with a gray- 
ish pubescence ; eyes purplish ; proboscis and antenne black, base of the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. yea 





third and tip of the second joint narrowly banded with yellow. Thorax 
velvety black, with sparse, yellowish hairs; pleura grayish, scutellum 
black, the margin bearing a row of yellow hairs. Abdomen black, all 
excepting the first segment with a wide posterior marginal band ot yellow, 
venter entirely yellow. Femora and coxz black, tips of the femora and 
the tibize and tarsi yellowish, the outer portions of the tibiz and tarsi more 
or less brownish, but usually absent on the middle tibiz ; basal half of the 
knobs of the halteres blackish, the remainder white. Wings hyaline. 
Length of body 3 mm., proboscis 1 mm. 

2° .—Head light yellow or whitish ; proboscis, the ocellary tubercle 
and third joint of the antennz black, base of the third joint very narrowly 
marked with yellow, and the first and second joints yellowish or brownish. 
Thorax dull yellowish gray, the scutellum and pleura somewhat lighter, 
with a few whitish hairs. Abdomen a light yellowish colour, with sparse 
white hairs, the basal half of the second, third, fourth and fifth segments 
a dark brown or black ; in drying, the abdomen often contracts so that 
only the brown of the second segment is visible. Legs yellow, the base 
of the front femora and the outer half of all the tarsi dark brown or black. 
Halteres white, the basal portion of the knobs tinged with brown. 

Jamesbury and Riverton, N. J., July 3-6. 

I first captured a male of this species at Jamesbury, July 4, 1891. It 
was submitted to Mr. Coquillett, who pronounced it new, but as the 
antenne were wanting in the specimen he preferred not to describe it. 
Last summer, on July 3 and 4, I captured three females at Riverton. As 
they differed so much from the male, I was-still unable to straighten out 
the matter, so postponed further study until another season. On July 4, 
at Riverton, while sweeping along a wood-road leading through a pine 
grove, I caught a male like the Jamesbury specimen, and on the 6th suc- 
ceeded in capturing at the same place two males and seven females. 

To my esteemed friend, Mr. D. W. Coquillett, I now take pleasure in 
dedicating this interesting species. 

Psilocephala grandis, n. sp.—@. Head black ; face and lower part 
of the front with a white pubescence, on the front confined to the sides 


242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





and separated by two diverging lines of black, extending from the base of 
the antennz, with an angular patch of brownish pubescence above; the 
remainder of the front somewhat opaque, with black hairs ; occiput below 
with white pubescence and pile, above with grayish pubescence and black 
hairs ; antenne black (third joint wanting). Thorax black, with two 
lateral and two dorsal grayish stripes, the latter dividing the black into 
three equal areas; pleura covered with a white pubescence; scutellum 
black, with a whitish border, bearing four black bristles. Abdomen 
black, shining, the posterior angles of the first, second, third and fifth 
segments with large pollinose spots, having white hairs on all, excepting 
those on the fifth segment, which has the short black hairs common to the 
greater portion of the abdomen ; on the first segment the white hairs are 
particularly prominent and extend over the entire lateral portion ; venter 
opaque, black, with a white posterior band on the second, third and 
fourth segments, first, second and third segments whitish pollinose. Legs 
black, slightly yellowish at the knees and base of the tarsi, the coxze with 
whitish pubescence ; knobs of the halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, veins 
and stigma dark brown, bordered by a slight brownish tinge, base of the 
wing yellowish, tegulz white. Length, 1614 mm. 

One specimen from Rouville Co., Province of Quebec, Canada; col- 
lected by Mr.G. Chagnon. The species is at once recognized by its large 
size. The specimen before me shows an interesting individual variation; 
on the mght wing the fourth posterior cell is widely open, while on the 
left wing it is closed. 

Agromyza flaviventris, n. sp.—Head light yellow, occiput black ; 
antenne yellow, aristee black. Thorax light yellow, with a large black 
dorsal spot, which extends narrowly from the cervex, expanding dorsally, 
with lobes above the humeri and base of the wings ; scutellum yellow, 
metathorax black. Abdomen dull light yellow, terminal segment black ; 
halteres and legs yellow. Wings grayish hyaline. Length of the larger 
specimen, 2 mm.; the smaller one, 144 mm. 


Niagara Falls, N. Y., June 23, rgot. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 943 





SVNOQESI Io OF sHALIC TINA: 
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 

In connection with the study of the pollination of flowers by insects, 
for several years and in several journals I have published notes on the 
local Halictinz, with descriptions of new species and the missing sexes of 
some which were only known in one sex. ‘This paper is intended to 
bring my results together in a brief form. 

The so-called genus /ad/ictus of authors seems to be altogether too 
heterogenous. I restore ZLaszoglossum and propose two other new 
genera. I think that the several genera must stand or fall together. 
The venation shows that Agapostemon and Augochlora are more closely 
related to HaZictus, as here limited, than are Lasioglossum, Evylaeus and 
Chloralictus. 

As regards the dull greenish or bluish species, the venation shows 
that & fasciatus belongs to #a/ictus, as here limited, a conclusion which 
is supported by the form of the pubescent fasciz. The rest fall into 
Chloralictus, Paralictus and Diatlictus. 

FTematictus, Ckll., holds the same relation to Hvy/aeus that Dialictus 
holds to Chloralictus. It is significant that these two genera are 
developed from forms in which the vein III, is normally enfeebled. 

Remarkably different from Andreninz, this nervure is very constant 
in Halictine. I have found it wanting in one specimen of Chloralictus 
versatus and in one of Huylaeus cylindricus received from Pérez, of 
Bordeaux. I have one specimen of Oxystoglossa confusa with the vein 
rm wanting in one wing, and another with veins 7m and III, both 
wanting in one wing. 

Oxystoglossa, Sm., has a definite type which, I judge from the 
description, belongs to the group having the hind spur finely serrate. 
The name is therefore used to designate that group. 

In this paper vein #m=the radio-medial cross-vein=1st cubital 
nervure ; vein III],—a2nd cubital nervure; vein IV,=1st recurrent 
nervure ; vein a@=the cross-vein element of the arculus=the basal 
nervure ; cell III,,,=the marginal cell; cell III,= 2nd submarginal cell ; 
cell III,=3rd submarginal cell; “segment” refers to the abdomen ; 
“joint” refers to the antenna. 


Females. 
Front wing with veins beyond IV, obsolescent; cells III, and 
IH SUDEQUANE 5 oiccos a wis 4 os acme nee, Maro ty) «ta Te 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Front wing with veins beyond 1V, not obsolescent; cell III, at least 
nearly twice as long as III. Ee I ena eG. 
Labrum flat, ciliate; cell Ill, ft wider a long, usually less 
than % as long as III,; cell III,;. pointed on costa; vein 
IV, near end of cell III, ; metathorax usually strongly rugose ; 
abdomen usually more or less red; hind spur finely pectinate ; 
hind knee plate obsolete ; rima on segment 5 obsolete. . Sphecodes. 
Labrum at apex produced, laterally compressed, pectinate ; rima 
[PISS so ooGd bon ac deo Do oda ome se Od nod ean Gamo boc poe 
Black or dull pres ; segments of abdomen with apical pubescent 
fascie ; cell III,,, subappendiculate ; vein IV, beyond the middle 
or near end of cell III, ; hind knee plate lanceolate; vein a 


Tathemsuddenly bent,atlower third \..4:.ceakes occ ste es FTalictus. 
Bright golden green, at least the head and thorax; segments of 
abdomen with pubescent fascize basal or wanting. .........---3: 


Metathorax sharply truncate, the truncation circular, bordered by 
salient rim; hind spur with three broad spines; hind knee plate 
obsolete ; cell III,;, subappendiculate ; vein IV, Ones middle 


of cell II]. Ses sae seenhel ahi . Agapostemon. 
Metathorax Bounded Rese rorly, at feaat above, ‘hen truncation, when 
Gvidemusean DO UAC KATE 26 vc Ss ov shits wi ateemcinmas Kio tehous pai laugh watchs 
Hind spur with 4-6 long teeth ; cell Il1,;, subappendiculate ; vein 
IV. interstitial with Il]... or entering -cell “Illy vein) oa 
rather strongly bent about the middle; hind knee plate 
obsolete . nee Ms Bie torch ee . Augochlora. 


Hind spur Enely serrate ; fey ii. ieually painted on costa ; 
vein IV, usually atenainal with III, , rarely entering cell III, ; 
vein a regularly arcuate; hind knee plate present, 
TameeOlQben ai: «see a sys ss ghee Oh) 46 Se aes hag 

Front wing with vein III, not Prelestent cell ie, subappen- 
diculate ; vein IV, near end of cell Ii, ; hind spur finely serrate ; 
insect unusually snout and opaque; segments 2-4 with ase 


pubescent fastice :\.s4...c\as vite aes eiyZaborlossum: 
Front wing with vein II, ash ae lescent or absenn vein IV, near 
end of cell III, or ferent worth wero ILD « sical octets toe em cen 
Black. ee 5 Pee ae Buglawe 


Dull ped aN or ete: at Heal ihe ead aan diate : ind spur with 
eon lomapteeth ....5 2s fade po emapn 08 We aces ne Raa ate ree ae 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245 





Vien) ULM Weaninn OMemmrgsten marc te. Stans rc <<. « otst etre eee A LUELTES, 
Vein Il, present. ag 2 aye Seed 2 Pee ats 
Apex of labrum wroduced: farerally Pe scan natenate: mandibles 

dentate eleekemantOw sh. o2) sn cities os yo ....« Chloralictus. 


Apex of labrum broadly rounded, flat, ciliate; mandibles simple ; 
cheeks and face broad; scopa, and rima of segment 5, 


ODSOlGEE Myers cbs hes ies phe ae epecn Se cage. 2s ER Crea cee 
Males. 
Segments with apical pubescent fasciz; black or dull 
greenish . “Leet Ee: Bi als wiht Sees. ce En AACN 
Segments FE ahout ayieal pabetcent fASCIZE s)he Se eee. = ata cee eae 
Headeand thorax dull greenish or bluish): 7.205) wae. © ie we 
Headeang thorax bright goldensercen! 2). se ance. omer nl alas 
Head.and thorax black: . "4.225. + 5 Say ry ae 


. Clypeus black, rather densehy whitish: ute cene ee III, usually 


about % as long as III,; abdomen often more or less 


(5 6 PRUs 3) hd A 1S ead ; .. Sphecodes. 
Clypeus anteriorly with a at sae or Wee es thinly 
PUDESEEME fen. Gees 5. As bs. 4 SR a ates 


. Joint 4 a little shorter Fane 2+33 nee ronal: Be ee rather 


smooth ; segments 2-4 with basal pubescent fascie. Zascoglossum. 
Joint 4 longer than 2+3, or only a little longer than 3; those with 
basal pubescent fascie always have the metathorax strongly 


GU OSEN kee.) a irate keuisth is Ammen ta Ls «ieee gL TETAS: 
. Abdomen black, srith sel pands Bic aleaeh bik tank 2) aR yD OSL OMZO TE 
Abdomen like the head and thorax......... vege ah ae ati 6! Be 


. Ventral segments 1-3 rigid, bright green, the Rihers darks retracted ; 


tibietoreen:sstarsiipale. .: 5 on, . =. tee ees ee: .. Augochiora. 
Ventral segments dark, except sometimes the D idle. ones, not rigid 
or retracted ; tibiz pale at least at base and apex... Oxystog/ossa. 


. Joint 4 hardly longer than 3; vein III, absent...........Duéalictus. 
lot, = 2-esormneatly, vein UT presente nis. iaae sens facie y: 
BAU IV DEUS COMVEX Sirteg. ane oy sas "sat + 41s sap eet opens eae © A LOPURLECT 2S 
Gilvpeus: fat so saweecia. obs. ts cde eee eat ae Pee eS 
Hatictus, Latr. 
Females. 
Dull greenish ; hind spur with 4 or 5 teeth...............fasciatus. 


Black, sometimes inclining to ferruginous.,.., .. -- se arte sree esd 


246 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





1. Wings and ta aie a hind spur co) serrate, with 12 or 


more teeth... bn cew cee oe ..parallelus. 
Wings and ces not ferruginous ; fied 3 spur with Boone: a Sr teeth 
Cheek beneath produced into a _ strong tooth or seers 


BOLE. |... °./a55 SEERA) <caers MeeWg ahen asc areaee Be . .ligatus. 

Cheekeroundeds |: Sera «: CE mye ete) oct) Aen, ieee 
Males. 
Dull ee sees yellow: ms er ciep eran ow«:.. aw) Sera secerase: 
Black . hanya DC as as eR LT NE Ln 7 8 
Femora Bid: wings yelldeco or Seccamin out Seles ny, ay stied ‘seg QR LALal ease 
Femora black. soba Beeb TO TEM ee fore oe 
Flagellum bide ‘mantis usua ate black Ps a tharos Soe women Oas cause 
Flagellum beneath and middle of mandibles yellow........./¢gatus. 
AGAPOSTEMON, Guerin. 
Females. 

Abdomen black . Sr RE ree eS eran Ser aa ILE Ta to 
Ahaeion mecn.) Lp Bier. sc aap ae i a Mace eee 
Mesonotum with a diane: aouble ouneMan ene: sige Soletehe eel CRABTREE SE 
Mesonotum without a distinct double punctuation ..............2. 
Metathorax strongly Oa rugose, without enclos- 

Ue fe ae a db cigehgpeeer cnn Sie patise te REC RRA ML 
eethors Poarsely" rrereulated, a triangular space finely 

CULO CS CUM, os veka ch headade in wie Ne 5S ee Re eRe, es ey splendens. 

Males. 

Abdomentwitn six yellowbands'... 1. fs eee co + ot ieee ene ene 
Aidomen with five yellow ibands). «cece. c- ©. ae ae eee 
Ventral segment 4 thin, entire, 6 with a vate carina.... viridulus. 
Ventral segment 4 thickened, emarginate, margin acnreveea between 

thie tilbbotis Sides (5.5.5 te 5k cee eee ees he vcs oot act pene eS cena 
Hind femora robust, their metatarsi carinate; basa! middle of 

aDGOmen tenruciMOUS .. 7 senaeent Sh Sie wails coer e ROLE IEMLE Lene 
Hind femora less robust, HER metatarsl eneete 3 Heal middle of 

apdemen black, with a‘ereenish tinge 7). J? 2.25 se. MLAS: 


AUGOCHLORA, Sm 
Segment 2 rather opaque, closely punctured, densely ciliate... fervida. 
Segment 2 shining, sparsely punctured, hardly ciliate......v¢r7duda. 


OxystoGLossa, Sim. 
Females. 
Sides of mesonotum not reticulated; cell III,;. subappen- 
IC UIA Te ee aa jesihele nieae MeaeMMeME arta ayeiys cs We sae SNS Ea aoe dee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i Th 





io) 


Sides of mesonotum reticulated ; cell III,;, pointed on costa... ..T. 
Larger, greener; antenne, tegule and legs darker.......... confusa. 
Smaller, more brassy ; antennee, tegule and legs paler... ....szmd/is. 
Males. 
Ventral segment 4 not emarginate, greenish................ pura. 
Ventral segment 4 emarginate, not greenish...... 00... .¢+.08--T. 
Larger, greener ; antennz, tegule and legs darker........ confusa. 
Smaller, more brassy; antennee, tegulee and legs paler....... szmdlts. 
LasioGLossum, Curtis (Type JZe/itta xanthopus, Kby.). 
Females. 
Metathorax sharply truncate, the posterior face with sharp 
CM OER siavernes! = in NEES cE ERR to EPC . fuscipenne. 
Metathorax rounded paseneene no clistinict posterior enn aed 
. Clypeus less produced ; mesonotum more shining ; mecathioean more 
rugose, more shining, the edge more salient............Forbesii. 
Clypeus produced; mesonotum and metathorax smooth and 
HL GPUL said Sed op a Sep MR i ON Gen em. 5 eat me COPLOCE LID: 
Males. 
Face subquadrate ; apex of one mandible reaching base of the other ; 
tarsi dark. SAR ANS 5 Race wee BY ote ae corlaceum. 
Face Barrwed nelow: apex a: one Mandible cline the middle of 
the other ; tarsi ahiuisle ene 3 Meats ek! 3 SEAM, Lehi For besii. 
EvyLaeus, gn. nov. (Type Halictus arcuatus, Rob.). 
Females. 

Abdomen with pubescent fasciz interrupted or wanting..........2. 
Abdomen with pubescent fasciz continuous ; metathorax coarsely 
NGOS shapers oee ohh soo. se ok 1d) Mareen sors ERROR, Oe ene CRRt 28 Te 


Metathorax sharply truncate ; hind spur with long distinct teeth ; 
segment I lmpunctate.. STOR Rs See CER truncatus. 
Metathorax a little i pandeal bende ame spur with feo shorter, 
more oblique, less distinct ; seamen t finely punctured... arcuatus. 
Hind spur psa with numerous fine, rather long, 


teeth - Pee Bs oe a, 
Hind spar-withyator 5 digsinet ceatt Ss eee er 05h ANY he 
Metathoraxwithoutan enclosed: space: stew st sen wie foal eee 
Metathoraxy wiltivaty en Closed: Space s..) s.ccwpest eget tee: nett eae 
Enclosure subtriangular; metathorax elsewhere densely pubes- 

centy. oly sees Been the on 5:3) 4 s/n ph Cocoa ence Reet my Su Sion « fap EPEC REED 


poelosre senneireulae: eae tablioran Bae or nearly so... .fectoralis. 


248 


B. 


bo 


ies) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Segments 2-4 with white pubescent patches on each 


Sel See .....guadrimaculatus. 
Segments 2-4 seinen inte pubeseent Watches POL Ee Ear Foxit, 
Males. 

Antenne lone qomtaslonger thane 4-3) 504... 1... oss an neon ae 
Antennceshort, joint -ahardly longer than) 3... .- "0... Save one se ele 

. Clypeus anteriorly, mandibles, knees and tarsi, whit- 
iShoe.. «2's fy ae Snpisy sa wivts sGUAATIMACELULUS. 
Clypeus sfitehibily dl the legs aac Lo kis ois, sid Des eI 
. Enclosure of metathorax sence. hc eae paseo .. pectoralis. 
Enclosure triangular... Be 5% pennant  pehap ines 
Metathorax finely rugose, apex thous repar all: ae ia ke 
Metathorax coarsely rugose ; scutel subbilobed ; dagaltum fecraonen 
tarsi whitish ; larger. . Eee ne oe eerie ib) cad Bato Me 
Segment 1 finely, airmen, Gancelye ponetred apical margins of 
segments narrowly pale testaceous. e s&s epshes BA CMOLES. 
Segment 1 almost impunctate ; insect more gender biseher knees 
MOre - Wish’. vis: eeaeke s fe eo EO. Cs eee gies oie 


CHLORALICTUS, gn. nov. (Type Hadictus Cressonit, Rob.). 


Females. 

‘Repulse motmnnctate:. $0.29, <A: sau) viel Re Oo dR he ae 
Dep ulespuMeeate. -./ni0%<euhas =e mires F peieeremen:). tek Sec ie 
. Metathorax sharply truncate, with a sharp edge; wing whit- 
TST se wees one onccahspaea titel ya hc eb alee he WR Ie Ci ok acres 
Metathorax hardly truncate, the edge blunt.............. fegularis. 
Abdomen motmetallicss: A0y. 2). eiehalia i eae o-2's ae Socata ee ee 
Abdomen fresnish ors-bliish: soc easecee ss. St Sees 
Mesonotum shining, sparsely punctured ; abdomen thinly pubescent ; 
head hardly longer than broad ; cheek broad and rounded..... ip 


Mesonotum opaque, finely rugose, closely punctured; abdomen 
densely pubescent ; head distinctly longer than broad; cheek 


narrow . ee a Sasa ihe elas cs Ps Apis pee eereepee aaR 
Wing and nibescericé ellgen se mesonotum brassy........pz/osus. 
Wing and pubescence whitish; mesonotum pale greenish. . Arwinosus. 
Dark slineweont. es 5:5 se). ei 5 SR rth DO I ee ee 
Bessey eetnumae) ie: ae Bi i. ee ee ee 
Mesonotum rather enely pancere ae fae Sight hg Mesias paseo ee 


Mesonotum rather coarsely punted! Pai Sat x, Puan eons eeaey 17 wee Nes 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249 


7: 


8. 


10. 


elt. 


1 








Wing and neryurestwhificht; genesis): .« tes See tales 
Wing and: Nenyuires OnGimany «x0: .. vic. 2)... -<,t. eeeee . Cressonit. 
Head distinctly longer than broad ; cheele narrow ; mesonotum quite 

opague with fine bia Sretely punctured, often a little 


brassy.. ; Jk: 2h  GCREOP SIS, OSD TOM: 
Head hardly Henge shee picees : nese: Begaa SPM SEER Sascha 
Abdomentyellowish téstaceous 0225 oc fs. Oeste: 
A DU OmenpeeMKE NR Naik a58.5 ceeryast cose cient iy 6 UMS Pe reins 


Abdomen obovate ; segments 1-2 shining ; 3-5 darker, more opaque, 
with sparse closely-appressed hairs ; mesonotum shining, sparsely, 


finely, punctured ; metathorax nearly smooth... ..sparsis, sp. nov. 
Abdomen more oval, more densely pubescent, the hairs less 
appressed . tt sa eS! aN. (TER NE. ae ec eek Ie 
Disc of desire bowdered ih a raised line, especially later- 
aily . Ee, ie same 2 ee LELEMOEN SES: 
Disc of he not i horderess bie a aise the Ses Seto or ca SD 


. Abdomen brown, segments 3-5 closely pubescent. .versatus, sp. nov. 


Abdomen more black, segments 3-5 less pubescent ............13. 
Raised lines of disc of metathorax not reaching the apex, the latter 

DOMME C arene teas wg, oe RGN kes STAR EEUE o ie, Soc eNOD STITH 10s 
Raised lines of metathorax reaching apex, which is ~ trun- 


(SE a eth RRR oc cite hey = WORN ci 5 MMR Se any LEFT 
Males. 

Tegule not punctate..... ee RY iio, Vo RCE Te Sn ae 2. 
MP emilee. PUM Ctaters ie ots cc/s ran 2°08 «0 wish cepedecnte al ae een ids ee ean Pe. OES 
. Metathorax with semicircular enclosure ; wing whitish. xymphearum. 
Metathorax without enclosure ; wing ordinary............tegularis. 
Abdomen without greenish or bluish reflection .................7. 
Abdomen greenish or bluish. . cele tae Err AREER 
Mesonotum smooth and ining fsck si secsly punctured ; head 
hardly longer than wide.. oh aor Se batterers.” agian 
Mesonotum finely rugose, opaque, oleate nimchuredie ee ee” 

. Head a little longer than wide; clypeus without feiloweke the 
greenish tinge of abdomen slight..............versatus, sp. nov. 
Head much longer than wide ; apex of clypeus usually yellowish ; 
abdomen’ distiteily excenish =, 25 2m a abateer oy sc on ee ee 


. Pubescence above and nervures and stigma yetonish :. prlosus. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Io. 


Il. 


12. 


Pubescence above and nervures and stigma whitish ...... pruinosus. 
Dark blue. se Eee VAS ere Re RAE Meg ie 2s 7107 
Greenish ; abdcees eel more or less testaceous. .. sephyrus. 


Altea and tibize almost entirely testaceous .......... sepahiariek 
Abdomen not testaceous; tibiz2 black except often at base and 
apex. ool auc ceORORONaP dels, Waele cnpemete MEMS ne be oe se Sedat cPanel 
Sides fa mictatnems ae nieces inetinely imac ene the latter 
beneath with a distinct fovea; mesonotum smooth, shining, 
coarsely punctured - 2.426. -.48 sl. soe 6 sfoveo/aias: Sprmoy: 
Sides of metathorax and pleura not distinctly punctured..........9. 
Vein III, and beyond almost obsolete ; head much longer than 
wide ; mesonotum finely rugose, opaque, sparsely, finely punc- 


tured ; antenne short; tarsi pale............ coreopsis, sp. NOV. 
Vein III, and beyond sguimary: head not, or hardly, longer than 
WIE soem. eh al 0! AMR eMC, ahs, Nome cs ah Speman Se 
Mesonotum finely Saeeie,. sag Shy lulls Peete Lathe alae St eee 
Mesonotum coarsely  waceiréd, suite Feige cubis te 2 2s 3/shoue ore cae Ms 
Wing white, nervures and stigma white ................albipennis. 


Wing ordinary, nervures and stigma dark; metathorax coarsely 
reticulated, with a semicircular enclosure bordered by a sharp 
CSE cc nee. sce oe eeeieen stk dance pune ae seu oe crn enna 

Mesonotum shining ; head wider than thorax; metathorax at apex 
gibbous, smooth, shining ; nervures and stigma dark ; abdomen 
subclavate, almost impunctate, usually darker towards apex ; 
length 4 mm. tai SARS oe) 1 ENEMA EISEN ree ne SCRE NOE 

Mesonotum opaque ; iabageei navel pubelawates seas A Wik aaa eta Le 

Abdomen bronze black, minutely punctured, bare jane apical 
margins of segments broad ; nervures and stigma dark .. obscurus. 

Abdomen less black, distinctly punctured, bare impunctate apical 
margins of segments narrow, often pale testaceous ; nervures and 


stigma pale: length, 4-6 mm ................versatus, Sp. NOV. 
PARALICTUS, Rob. 
Females. 
Cheek regularly rounded ; face narrowed below........... simplex. 
Cheek with rounded ce below middle of eye; face narrowed 
evelion ay - kere: ae : ea Bie .. platyparius. 
Cheek with ounvied angle’ a mre — adie pe eye ; face not 
Narrowed GBElOW .-: . wij<ce tp Ree ik ails he eae .cephalicus. 








Mailed September roth, 1902. 


she Canactiay Hntomalogist 


VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1902. No. 10 




















A PRELIMINARY LIST OF ACRIDIIDA OF ONTARIO. 
BY E. M. WALKER, B. A., TORONTO. 


Since the last of my ‘‘ Notes on Some Ontario Acridiide” were 
printed, five species have been added to the list, and the number of locali- 
ties for those already recorded has been considerably increased. I think, 
therefore, that it will make the notes more complete to conclude them 
with a full list of the species of this family known to occur in the 
Province, with their distribution as hitherto recorded. 

Only a small portion of the territory included in the Province of 
Ontario has been at all thoroughly explored by entomologists, but I do 
not believe there are very many native species of Acridiidz not included 
in the present list. Doubtless, however, some of the Manitoba and 
Minnesota forms extend into the north-western part of Ontario, while it is 
extremely probable that there are unrecorded species in the south-west, 
and possibly a few in the east and extreme north. 

The five species referred to above are as follows : 

TRYXALIS BREVICORNIS, Linn. 

Gryllus brevicornis, V.inn. Syst. Nat., ed. 12, II., 692 (1767). 

Tryxalis brevicornis, Fabr. Syst. Ent., 279 (1775). 

Pyrgomorpha brevicornis, Walk. Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IIL, 
500 (1870). 

Opsomatla punctipennis, Serv. Orth., 590 (1839). 

Two males of this southern species were taken just above Point 
Pelee, in an open marsh bordering a creek, on Aug. 8; tg01. ‘They were 
very active, and leaped several times among the sedge before they were 
caught. 

This species has a very interesting distribution, being found from 
Long Id. and Indiana south to the Gulf of Mexico, and through Texas to 
Honduras and Brazil. 

ORPHULELLA PELIDNA, Burm. 
Gomphocerus pelidnus, Burm, Handb, Ent., IL, 650 (1848). « 


252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Stenobothrus maculipennis, Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VIL, 
458-459 (1862). 

Stenobothrus propinguans, Scudd. Ibid., VII., 461 (1862). 

Orphula pelidna, McNeill. Proc. Dav, Acad. Nat. Sc., VI., 235-239 
(1897). 

Orphulella pelidna, Scudd. Can. Ent., XXXI., 179-187 (1890). 

I found this species in large numbers in a tract of open marsh land 
bordering the St. Clair River, just north of Sarnia. This piece of land 
was dry when I visited it, but in the early summer was covered with 
water. O. pedidna was found in the more bare places, where the ground 
was dry and somewhat cracked. The males produced a rapid, rattling 
sound when flying, like the various members of the Oedipodine, but the 
sound did not last more than about a second. Although the grass was 
long where they occurred, they always alighted on the ground. 


TRIMEROTROPIS HURONIANA, Walk. 
Trimerotropis hurontana, Walk. Can. Ent., XXXIV., 1 (1902). 
This species has been fully described under the above reference, so 
that it need only be alluded to here. 


PAROXYA FLORIDANA, Thom, 

Caloptenus floridanus, Thom. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I., No. 
2, 68 (1874). 

Paroxya atlantica, Scudd. (pars). Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX, 
29, 88 (1887). 

Paroxya floridana, Smith. Cat. Ins., N. J., 412 (1890). 

This insect was found in considerable numbers in a sedgy swamp 
bordering a small stream at Arner, Ont. It is a southern form. 


MELANOPLUS BRUNERI, Scudd. 

Melanoplus Bruneri, Scudd. Rev. Mel. 164, 1897. 

On Sept. 2, 1902, while collecting at Dwight, in Northern Muskoka, 
at the close of a fortnight’s canoe trip in Algonquin Park, I captured a 
single specimen of a AZe/anoplus, which I at once recognized as new to 
Ontario. There was not time to make a thorough search for more 
specimens, and none were found. ‘The specimen is a male and agrees in 
nearly all respects with AZ. Bruneri as described in Scudder’s Revision, 
The chief point in the description which does not fit my specimen is the 
statement that the interspace between the mesosternal lobes 1s more than 
twice as long as broad in the male, whereas in my specimen it is slightly 
less than twice as long as broad. The male cerci appear more upcurved 


 —_— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. - 253 





than is represented in Scudder’s figure, which it otherwise resembles 


pretty closely. 
M. Bruneri is a western species, having been reported from Alberta, 


Washington, Idaho, Montana, Colorado and Nebraska. 

In the list I have used the abbreviations Caulf. and Walk. in 
reference to the following two articles, respectively : 

Caulfield, F. B.: A sketch of Canadian Orthoptera. Rep. Ent. Soc., 
Ont., XVIII., 59-72 (1888). 

Walker, E, M.: Notes on some Ontario Acridiide, Can. Ent., XXX., 
122-126 (1898); Ibid., XXX., 258-263 (1898); Ibid, XXXI., 29-36 
(1899). 

The names of new localities are given in italics. 

I.—TETTIGINA. 

1. Momotettix cristatus, Scudd. ‘Toronto (Caulf.). 

2. Tettix granulatus, Kirby. Ottawa, Ont., generally, to L. Superior 
(Caulf.) ; Toronto, L. Simcoe, Muskoka (Walk); Szv-azle Lake, 
Aug. 24, 1898; Sarnia, Aug. 12, 1901 ; Southampton, Aug. 20, 
1901 ; Johnson's Harbour, Bruce Co., Aug. 22, 1901 ; Stokes Bay, 
Bruce Co., Aug. 27, 1901; Zobermory, Aug. 24, 1901; Owen 
Sound, Aug. 31, 1901; Worth River and L:land Lake, Algonquin 
Park, Aug. 24, 28, 1902. 

3. Tettix acadicus, Scudd. Lake of the Woods (Scudd., Daws., Rep. 
Geol., 49 par., 345, 1875). 

4. Tettix ornatus, Say. Ont. generally (Caulf.); Toronto (Walk.) ; 
Dertid, -AUusS "16, T9oT. . 

4a. Tettix ornatus, var. triangularis, Scudd. Ottawa, Ont., generally 
(Caulf.); Toronto (Walk.) ; Southampton, Aug. 29, 1901 ; LVorth 
River, Algonguin Park, Aug. 20, 1902. 

5. Lettix Hancocki, Morse. Sudbury (Morse, Journ. 

sa. Zettix Hancocki, var. abbreviatus, Morse. ' Nees EmtJeSoe,. Vile; 
200-201, 1889); Zoronto, May, Sept., Oct.; Lake Simcoe, Aug., 
Sept.; Little Hagle Harbour, Bruce County, Aug. 23, 1901; 
Dwight, Muskoka, Sept.2, 1902. 

6. Tettix obscurus, Hanc. De Grassi Pt. (Hancock, Tet. N. A., 89, 
1902); Zoronto, April; Goderich, Aug. 19, 1901; Owen Sound, 
Aug. 31, 1901. 

7. Tettix gibbosus, Hanc. Toronto (Hane., Tet. N. A., go, 1902); 
Lake Simcoe, July 5, 1901. Nove.—Species 5, 6 and 7 were 
included in T. ornatus in my ‘‘ Notes on some Ontario Acridiide.” 


254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





8. Paratettix cucullatus, Scudd. Ont. generally (Caulf.) ; Toronto 
(Caulf., Walk.) ; Chatham, Aug. 10, t901. NoTe.—P. rugosus, 
Scudd., is reported by Caulfield from Sudbury, but probably 
incorrectly, as it is a southern species. 

9. Tettigidea parvipennis, Harris. Ottawa, Ont. generally, to L, 
Superior (Caulf., Aolymorpha); Ont. (Walk.) ; Pt. Pelee, Aug. 7, 
1gor (nymphs) ; Avner, Aug. 8, tgo1r (nymphs); Owen Sound, 
Aug. 31, 1901; Vorth River, Algonquin Park, Aug., 1902 
(nymphs); Worth Bay, Sept. 12, 1900. 

ga. Zettigidea parvipennis, var. pennata, Morse. Ottawa, Ont., gener- 
ally, to L. Superior (Caulf., Zateradis); Toronto, L. Simcoe, 
(Walk. ). 

II].—TRYXALINE. 

10. Zryxalis brevicornis, Linn. Pt. Pelee, Aug. 8, 1got. 

11. Orphulella pelidna, Burm. Sarnia, Aug. 12, 13, 15, 1gol. 

12. Orphulella speciosa, Scudd. ‘Toronto, Lake Simcoe (Walk.) ; Rond 
Fau, Sept. 15, 1899 ; Arner, Aug. 9, t901 ; Sarnia, Aug. 12, 16, 
tgo1. (The Orphula aegualis of my former paper.) 

13. Chiéealtis conspersa, Harris. Rat Portage (Caulf.) ; Nepigon (Caulf, 
Walk.) ; Toronto, Lake Simcoe, Clear Lake, Kingsville, Severn 
River (Walk.) ; fond Eau, Sept. 15, 1899; Ft. Felee, Aug. 7, 
1901; Arner, Aug. 9, 1901; Sarnia, Aug. 12, 1901 ; Goderich, 
Aug. 18, 1901; Worth River, Algonquin Park, Aug., 1902"; Worth 
Bay, Sept. 12, 1900. 

13a. Chliealtis conspersa, var. prima, Morse. Lake Simcoe (Walk.). 

14. Chléealtis abdominalis, Brun. Severn River (Walk.) 

15. Stenobothrus curtipennis, Harris. Ottawa, Ont., generally, to the 
north of L. Superior (Caulf.); Ont. (Walk.); Zoronto; Lake 
Simcoe; Clear Lake, July 27, 1897; Magara, Sept. 26, 1898 ; 
Rond Eau, Sept. 14, 1899; Lt. Pelee, Aug. 7, 1901; Arner, Aug. 
9, 1901; Chatham, Aug. to, t901 ; Sarnia, Aug. 12, 16, 1901 ; 
Walpole Id., River St. Clatr, Aug. 13, 1901 ; Goderich, Aug. 18, 
1go1 ; Southampton, Aug. 20, 29; Johnson’s and Little Eagle 
Harbours, Bruce Co., Aug. 22,23, 1901; Zobermory, Aug. 24, 1901; 
Owen Sound, Aug. 30, 31, 1901; Severn River, Aug. 17, 1878; 
Lake Muskoka, Aug. 27, 1899; Algonquin Park, Aug., 1902; 
North Bay, Sept. 12, 1900. 

15a. Stenobothrus curtipennis, var. longipennis, Scudd. Same localities 
as preceding. 


\ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255 





16. Mecostethus lineatus, Scudd. Toronto, Lake Simcoe, Aurora, (Walk.); 
Point Pelee, Aug. 8, 1901; Sarnia, Aug. 12, 16, 1901 ; Stokes 
Bay, Bruce Co., Aug. 27, 1901. 

17. Mecostethus gracilis, Scudd. Lake Simcoe, Aurora (Walk.). In my 
“Notes ” I stated that this species had precisely similar haunts to 
those of the preceding. Further collecting has shown that although 
often found together, graci/is prefers comparatively small open 
places in swampy woods, whereas /7veatfus occurs in large, open, 


sedgy marshes. 
II l.—O8rpDIPoDIN»®. 


18. Arphia tenebrosa, Scudd. © Nepigon, Sudbury (Caulf.). 

19. Arphia sulphurea, Fab. Ont., generally (Caulf.); Toronto (Caulf, 
Walk.) ; Sarnia, Aug. 16, rgor (larva). 

20. Chortophaga viridifasciata, De Geer. Ottawa, Ont., generally, to 
north of L. Superior (Caulf.) ; Hamilton, Grimsby, Toronto, Lake 
Simcoe, Clear Lake (Walk.); Rond Hau, Sept. 15, 1899 (nymphs); 
Arner, Aug. 9, 1901 (nymph); Walpole Ld., Aug. 13, 1901 
(nymphs) ; Goderich, Aug. 19, 1gor (nymph). 

20a. Chortophaga viridifasciata, form infuscata, Harris. Same localities 
as preceding, 

21. Encoptolophus sordidus, Burm, ‘Toronto, Hamilton, Niagara, Lake 
Simcoe (Walk.) ; Round Hau, Sept. 14, 1899; Arner, Aug. 9, got 
(nymphs) ; Sarnza, Aug. 16, 1901; Goderich, Aug. 19, Igor 
(nymphs) ; Southampton, Aug. 20, 1901 (nymph). 

22. Camnula pellucida, Scudd. Nepigon, Clear Lake, Lake Simcoe, 
Toronto (Walk.); Aond Hau, Sept. 14, 1899; Point Pelee, Aug. 
7elgouy Seria, AUS. 12, T9001; Waspolerl2,, NUS. 13 1Q0n ; 
Goderich, Aug. 19, t901 3 Southampton, Aug. 20, 1901 ; Johnson's 
and Little Eagle Harbours, Bruce Co., Aug. 22 and 23, 1901; 
Tobermory, Aug. 24, 1901; Stokes Bay, Aug. 27, 1901 ; Owen 
Sound, Aug. 30, 1901; Severn River, Aug. 15, 17, 1898 ; Lake 
Muskoka, Aug. 27, 1899; Worth River, Algonquin Fark, Aug., 
1902; Vorth Bay, Sept. 12, 1900. 

23. Hippiscus tuberculatus, Pal. de Beauv. Nepigon (Caulf., Scudd., 
Psyche, VI., 304, 1892); Ottawa (Harrington, Ann. Rep. Ent. 
Soc., Ont, 1883, 17); Toronto, London (Walk.); Saz/t Ste. Marie, 
June 7, 10, 1889. 

24. Dissosteira carolina, Linn. Ont., generally, to Lake Superior (Caulf.); 
Rat Portage, Muskoka, Lake Simcoe, Toronto, Hamilton (Walk.); 


[orl 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





asp 


26. 


273 


28. 


29. 


Si. 
pia 


34. 


Rond Eau, Sept. 14,1899; Lt. Pelee, Aug. 7, 1901 ; Arner, Aug. 
9, 1901; Chatham, Aug. ro, 1901; Sarnia, Aug. 12, Igor ; 
Walpole Id., Aug. 13, 1901; Southampton, Aug. 20, 3901; 
Goderich, Aug. 19, 1901; Zobermory, Aug. 24, 1901; Owen 
Sound, Aug. 30, 1901 ; Severn River, Aug., 1898: Worth River, 
Algonquin Park, Aug., 1902; LVorth Bay, Sept. 12, 1900. 

Spharagemon collare, Scudd., race Wyomingianum, Morse ; Rond 
Eau (Walk.); 2¢. Pelee, Aug. 7, tgo1. (The specimens from Pt. 
Pelee average distinctly larger than those from Rond Eau.) 

Spharagemon bollt, Scudd. Toronto (Morse, Psyche, VI., 291, 
Walk.); Stony Lake, Peterboro Co. (Waik.); Round Eau, Sept. 
H5,,1099 ; 22. Pelee, AMS. 7, 1001; Arner, Aue. G, 1901 ; Sarin, 
Aug. 16, rgor. (The specimens from Rond Eau, Pt. Pelee and 
Arner are much larger than those from the other more northern 
localities. ) 

Scirtetica marmorata, Harris. Sparrow Lake, Gravenhurst, Severn 
River (Walk.) ; Lake Muskoka, Aug. 27, 1899. 

Trimerotropis maritima, Harris. Toronto Id., Kingsville (Walk.); 
Rond Eau, Sept. 14, 1899; Pt. Pelee, Aug. 7, 1901 ; Walpole fd, 
Aug. 13, 1901 ; Sarnza, Aug. 12, 14, 190t. 

Trimerotropis huroniana, Walk. Southampton (Walk., Can. ENT., 
XOXO ce). 


. Circotettix verruculatus, Kirby. Ottawa (Caulf.); Rat Portage, 


Molson, Jackfish, Stony Lake, Lake Simcoe, Aurora, Graven- 
hurst (Walk.) ; Southampton, Aug. 21, 29, 1901 ; Johnson’s and 
Little Eagle Harbours, Bruce Co., Aug. 22, 23, 1901; Tobermory, 
Aug. 24, 1901; Stokes Bay and Burke Id., Lake Huron, Aug. 27, 
1901 ; Owen Sound, Aug. 31, tg01 ; Severn River, Aug. 14, 1898; 
Lake Muskoka, Aug. 27, 1899; LVorth River, Algonquin Park, 
Aug., 1902 ; WVorth Bay, Sept. 12, 1900. 
ACRIDIINA. 
Schistocerca Americana, Drury. London (Moffat); Toronto (Walk.). 
Podisma glacialis, Scudd. Sudbury (Scudd., Rep. Ent. Soc., Ont., 
XXVI., 63) ; North Bay (Walk.). 


. Podisma variegata, Scudd. Lake Simcoe, Muskoka (Walk.) ; Zodber- 


mory, Aug. 24, 25, 1901; LVorth River, Algonquin Park, Aug. 
21, 29; 1902. 
Melanoplus Brunert, Scudd. Dwight, Muskoka, Sept. 2, 1902. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257 





35. WMelanoplus atlanis, Riley. Ottawa (Caulf., Fletch., Rep. Exp. 
Farms, Can., 1888, 63); Sudbury (Scudd.); Rat Portage, Nepigon, 
Severn R., L. Simcoe, Toronto (Walk.); Ronmd Hau, Aug. 14, 
1899; Ft. Pelee, Aug. 7, 1901 ; Sarnia, Aug. 12, 1901 ; Goderich, 
Aug. 19, 1901; Southampton, Aug. 20, 1901; Tobermory, Aug. 
24, 1901; Johnson's and Little Eagle Harbours, Aug. 22, 23, 
1901; Owen Sound, Aug. 30, 1901; Lake Muskoka, Aug. 27, 
1899; Worth River, Algonquin Park, Aug., 1902; North Bay, 
Aug. 12, 1900. 

36. Melanoplus Dawsoni, Scudd. ‘Toronto, Severn R. (Walk.). 


37. Melanoplus islandicus, Blatchl. ‘Toronto, Aurora, Lake Simcoe, 
Severn R., near Lake Kabinakagami (Algoma) (Walk.); South- 
ampton, Aug. 20, 21, 1901; Johnson's and Little Hagle Harbours, 
Aug. 22, 23, 1901 ; Zobermory, Aug. 24, 1901; LVorth River and 
Island Lake, Algonquin Park, Aug. 19-28, 1902; Worth Bay, 
Sept. 12, Igoo. 

38. MWelanoplus fasciatus, Walk. Lake of the Woods (Scudd., Daws., 
Rep. Geol., 49 par., 343); Toronto, Lake Simcoe, Stony Lake 
(Walk.); Point Pelee, Aug. 7, 1901; Johnson’s and Little Eagle 
Flarbours, Aug. 22, 23, 1901; Tobermory, Aug. 24, 1901; LVorth 
River, Algonquin Park, Aug. 23-31, 1902. 

38a. Melanoplus fasciatus, var. volaticus, Scudd. Lake Simcoe (Walk.); 
Johnson's Harbour, Aug 22, 1901,3 ff. 

39. Melanoplus femur-rubrum, DeGeer. Ottawa, Ont., generally, to 
north of L. Superior (Caulf.) ; Ont. (Walk.) ; XRond Hau, Sept. 14, 
tgo1; ft. Pelee, Aug. 7, 1901; Arner, Aug. 9, 1901; Chatham, 
Aug. 10, 1901; Sarnia, Aug. 12, 1901; Walpole /d., Aug. 13, 
1901; Goderich, Aug. 19, 1901; Southampton, Aug. 20, 1901; 
Johnson's and Little Hagle Harbours, Aug. 22, 23.1901; Tobermory, 
Aug. 24, 1901; Stokes Bay and Burke Ld., L. Huron, Aug. 27, 
1901; Owen Sound, Aug. 30, 1901; Lake Muskoka, Aug. 27, 
1899; Worth River, Algonquin Park, Aug. 25-31, 1902; LVorth 
Bay, Sept. 12, 1900. 

40, Melanoplus extremus, Walk. Algoma, near portage between Lake 
Kabinakagami and the Matawishguia River (Walk.) 

41. Melanoplus coccineipes, Scudd. Sudbury (Scudd., Rep. Ent. Soc., 
Ont., XXVL, 64). 


258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





42. Melanoplus minor, Scudd. ‘Toronto (Walk.) 


43. Melanoplus collinus, Scudd. Toronto, Lake Simcoe, Severn R., 
Hawk Lake (Walk.) ; Round Hau, Sept. 14, 1901; Pt. Pelee, Aug. 
7; \tGol; Arner, Aug. 9, 190ne sSu7zia, Augil12, Toor > Lake 
Muskoka, Aug. 27,1899; Dwight, Muskoka, Sept. 2, 1902; Worth 
River and Big Joe Lake, Algonquin Park, Aug. 25-31, 1902; 
North Bay, Sept. 12, tgoo. 

44. Melanoplus bivittatus, Say. Lake of the Woods (Scudd., Daws., 
Rep. Geol., 49 par., 343); North Bay (Walk.). 

45. Melanoplus femoratus, Burm. Ont., everywhere (Caulf.); Ont., 
North Bay (Walk.); Niagara, Round Eau, Sept. 14, 1899; F¢. 
Pelee, Aug. 7, 1901; Avner, Aug. G; too1; “Chatham, Aug. to, 
LOOL ; Sarnia, Aig. 12, 1901; Walpole 1d, “Aug.” 13, toon: 
Goderich, Aug. 19, 1901; Southampton, Aug. 20, 1901 ; Johnson’s 
and Little Eagle Harbours, Aug. 22, 23, 1901; Tobermory, Aug. 
24, 1901 ; Stokes Gay and Burke Ld., L. Huron, Aug. 27, 1901; 
Owen Sound, Aug.\31, 1901; Lake Muskoka, Aug. 27, 1899; 
Algonquin Park, Aug. 1902. 

46. Melanoplus punctulatus, Uhl. ‘Toronto, L. Simcoe (Walk.). 


47. Paroxya floridana, Thom. Arner, Aug. g, 1901. 





THE NORTHWEST (CANADA) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
YOUNG FOLKS’ PRIZE COMPETITION. 


t. For best collection of injurious and beneficial insects, Dr. James 
Fletcher will give a prize of $2.50, or a standard book on insects. 

2. For best general collection of insects, $1.50. 

3. For best collection of pressed plants, in which noxious weeds and 
grasses and their characteristics must be a feature, Dr. Fletcher will give 
a prize of $2.50, or a book. 

4. For best general collection of plants, $1.50. 

Of these prizes, two will be given by Dr. Fletcher, and two by the 
N.-W. Entomological Society. The awarding will take place in Calgary 
immediately prior to the annual meeting of that Society. Further prizes 


may be given should the exhibits deserve them, 


a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259 





NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF N. A. FULGORIDE. 


5Y E. D. BALL, STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 


Anotia Kirkaldayin.sp.—Form and general appearance of Amadlopota 
Fitchi, but broader and less definitely marked. Form of A. Burnetiz, 
but with a sharp head and blunter elytra. Length, including elytra, 
6.5 mm. 

Vertex slightly broader than in Szrnxeft77, inclined upward, nearly 
flat, not rounding over at apex as in that species ; elytra broader towards 
apices than in AwynetiZ ; venation very similar, but with the median 
nervure not forked beyond the cross-vein, and the first branch of the post- 
costal nervure coming off close to the cross-vein and at nearly right angles 
to the nervure. Costal appendix larger than in Swurnetiz, obliquely 
truncate posteriorly. 

Colour: pale creamy, slightly tinged with testaceous, a pale testaceous 
stripe runs from the eye forward to the apex of vertex, and another from 
below the eye downward to the front; elytra milky subhyaline, a faint 
smoky or testaceous spot near base, a smoky transverse band half way to 
apex of clypeus, another partial band extending to the sutural margin, 
down the median to the cross nervure, and then out that to the post- 
costal; beyond this nearly all the nervures are broadly smoky margined, 
leaving a light patch in each anteapical cell and a light spot on apex of 
each apical nervure ; the costal margin beyond the middle, the costal 
nervures, the apical margin, the apical nervures, except their apices and a 
section of the postcostal beyond the cross nervure, testaceous. 

Described from a single specimen collected by the author, at Ames, 
Towa. 

The custom of commemorating the distinguished workers in Hemip- 
tera in the naming of the Derbidz seems to me to be a good one, and I 
am pleased to add to this list the name of our colleague, whose careful 
nomenclatural work will place our Hemipteralogical classification at once 
upon a sound basis of fact such as it would not have otherwise enjoyed for 
years to come. 


Anotia Sayi, n. sp.—Resembling Surnetii in form, but much larger, 
as large as Oftocerus. Costal appendage very long; colour yellowish; 
elytra white, with a transverse fuscous band before the middle. Length, 
Ii mm. to the tip of elytra. 


260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Vertex but litthe rounded above, the apex slightly rounder than in 
Kirkalday?. Second joint of antennz very large, consisting of a long, flat 
plate thickest on the margins and studded with fine knobs ; elytra very 
large, venation as in Awrnetiz nearly, the outer branch of the median 
nervure straight, the cross nervures at the apices of the elytra in a straight 
line ; costal appendage as long as the second joint of antenne, strap- 
shaped towards apex, the posterior margin nearly straight, anterior margin 
sloping off to the base of the costa; the whole appendix curved back 
across the corium, with the apex on the claval suture. 

Colour: pale straw; eyes black; elytra milky at base, a fuscous band 
at one-third the distance from base, beyond this subhyaline, with the 
nervures faintly brown as far as the apical nervures. Posterior margin of 
appendage, and sometimes a spot near the outer corner of scutellum, 
fuscous. 

Described from two females collected at Albion, N. Y., by E. P. 
Van Duzee. 


Patara Vanduzei, n. sp.—Form and general appearance of guttata, 
but with a smaller front and different venation ; brownish purple, with a 
light line on vertex and pronotum, and light dots around the apex of 
elytra.- Length, 4.75 mm. 

Vertex and front together semicircular, about equally margining the 
eye all around as seen from side, front rising abruptly from clypeus, 
compressed, the margin slightly thickened ; vertex expanded posteriorly; 
pronotum slightly carinate, broad and nearly parallel margined ; venation 
closely resembling gutfata, but with four cells between the postcostal and 
the median before the apical cell. There is a reflexed veinlet from the 
median into the ana! area, and two reflexed veinlets from the outer branch 
of the mediastinal to the costal. ‘This branch is interrupted just before 
the apex, making it appear as if the reflexed vein was the end of the 
nervure. 

Colour: vertex white, front and antenne brownish testaceous ; pro- 
notum brownish fuscous, with a broad, median, light stripe; scutellum 
bright testaceous, sometimes with a pale stripe ; elytra brownish purple, 
the tuberculate nervure of clavus white, a light spot on the apex of each 
apical nervure and a broad one on the inner reflexed one. Nervures 
bright testaceous, the three cross nervures before the apical cells fuscous. 

Described from three females in the collection of E. P. Van Duzee, 
from Gowanda, N. Y. The adding of this name to the list is peculiarly 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 





appropriate, in that it adds that of one of our strongest Hemipterists, and 
at the same time the name of one who has contributed much to our 


knowledge of the American Derbide. 


Cenchrea Heidemanni, n. sp.—Resembling dorsalis in form, but 
larger and lighter coloured: pale orange yellow, with the elytra white. 
Length, 7.25 mm. 

Vertex broad, slightly angled with the broad, parallel margined front, 
margins with distinct, slightly serrate carina; pronotum with the lateral 
margins broad, wing-like, posterior margin deeply, angularly emarginate 5 
scutellum weakly tricarinate ; elytra long ; venation simple, all three veins 
with long narrow forks, the apices of the mediastinal not as strongly 
angled as in dorsa/is, the claval nervure and the basal half of the medi- 
astinal tuberculate, the posterior half of costal and the whole apical margin 
finely serrate. : 

Colour: pale orange yellow ; elytra milky white, below pale. 

Described from one female from Effingham, Kansas, collected by 
E. P. Van Duzee, and another from Washington, D. C., from Otto 
Heidemann. This is only one of the many fine specimens that Mr. 
Heidemann has turned over to me for study. 

Neither this nor the preceding genus has before been recognized in 
our fauna. They were both founded on species from St. Vincent Island. 


Cenchrea Uhleri, n. sp.—Size and form of Lamenia Californica 
nearly, slightly longer and narrower, much smaller than /Zezdemanut ; 
pale creamy or slightly testaceous yellow, the elytra margined with 
fuscous. Length, 5 mm. 

Vertex distinctly longer than in Cadifornica, shorter and broader 
than in Hetdemanni, definitely angled with front; front widening slightly 
below to the large clypeus ; elytra long, strictly parallel margined ; male 
plates long, strap-like, slightly widening towards apex. 

Colour: pale creamy yellow, slightly washed with tawny, the 
abdominal segments both above and below black, with light margins ; 
elytra creamy, a round fuscous spot just before the apex of costa, 
and usually a brownish or fuscous submarginal stripe along the costa, a 
brownish line along the sutural margin; the tip of the wing often tawny. 

Described from six specimens from D. C. and Md. (Heidemann), 
two from Effingham, Kansas (Van Duzee), and three from Onaga, Kansas 
(Crevecoeur). 


262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Lamenia obscura, 0. sp.—Form and general appearance of vulgaris 
nearly, usually slightly smaller and paler. Readily separated on the male 
genitalia. Length, 4 mm. 

Vertex short, sloping, half wider than long, separated from front by a 
slight carina; front rather broad, nearly flat, a faint median carina; 
clypeus convex in both diameters, rather prominent ; median carina much 
elevated, acute ; elytra about as in vadgaris, not as strongly sinuate on 
costa. 

Colour: slaty black, pruinose, giving this species a powdered gray 
appearance. Head black, the carinate margin of vertex in front pale, 
lateral carinze of pronotum pale. Elytra slaty at base, smoky, subhyaline 
at apex, a spot on costa, where the mediastinal nerve touches it, and the 
two transverse nervures at the bases of the apical cells light. Legs pale ; 
rostrum pale, apical segment black. 

Genitalia: last ventral segment in male transverse, not enlarged, 
posterior margins straight; plates widely separated at base by an 
equilaterally triangular notch, their inner margins confluent from the apex 
of notch to the upturned tips, together transversely convex, forming a long, 
nearly parallel margined trough with a rounding apex. Their apices are 
furnished with long slender teeth set at right angles to the plate. In the 
normal position these teeth cross each other and close the end of the 
trough. 

Described from twenty-two specimens taken at Greeley, Colo., by the 
author, and two specimens from How Creek and Lake Worth, Fla., in the 
collection of Mr. Heidemann. 


Lamenia inflata, 0. sp.—Form of vulgaris nearly, slightly longer and 
narrower, dark smoky brown, paler on pronotum and face. Length, 
45 mm. 

Vertex rather narrow, rounding to the retreating front ; front full, 
without a median carina ; elytra long and narrow, distinctly notched at 
the junction of the mediastinal and costa ; venation as in Cadifornica. 

Coleur: vertex, front and pronotum pale testaceous brown ; clypeus 
smoky brown; elytra dark smoky brown, the costal incision and the 
transverse nervures before the apex faintly marked with light ; legs and 
rostrum pale. 

Genitalia: last ventral segment in the male longer than wide, 
convex, thickened, the posterior margin sinuate ; plates distant from each 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263 





other at base, long, flat, narrow at base, gradually widening to the bluntly 
rounding apices, the apical spines just touching each other. 

Described from eight specimens in the author’s collection taken in 
Hayti by R. J. Crew. 

FPeltonotellus rugosus, n. sp.— Form and general appearance of 
histrionicus nearly, the vertex shorter and the venation reticulate. 
Length 209 jsg5umm.; S 2-5 mms Width: 9,123 mm; 6, .o mm: 

Vertex shorter than in Azstrionicus ; clypeus continued in same plane 
as front at the base, then sloping sharply backwards, the basal portion 
overhanging the rest in the form of a bluntly-pointed tubercle ; elytra 
short, truncate ; venation distinct, the veins raised and densely reticulate. 

Colour: gray or fuscous maculate, a broad, pale yellow median 
stripe on vertex; pronotum and scutellum margined by four pairs of 
black dashes ; vertex with a pair of ocellate spots at base, and the 
margins mostly dark lined; front pale yellow, sometimes irregularly 
washed or marked with dusky, lateral compartments black, with the 
pustules white ; clypeus black, the base and a line down to the apex of 
the tubercle light; lateral areas of pronotum and scutellum dark, with 
pustules light ; elytra brownish fuscous, nervures light ; abdomen above 
with a narrow median and three pairs of lateral stripes, the two outer 
pairs broad and pustulate ; below, pale straw in the female, the femora 
spotted and the tibie lined with fuscous, the anterior pair much the 
heaviest. In the male the legs are always red, with more or less 
of fuscous marking. In some specimens the whole under surface, 
including clypeus, is bright red. 

Described from twenty-four specimens collected in various parts of 
Colorado. 


Peltonotellus bivittatus, n. sp.—Resembling guadrivittatus in general 
form and colour, the front much narrower and black lined. Size of 
rUugosus. 

Vertex three times as wide as its median length, two-thirds the 
length of the pronotum, front long and narrow, space between the lateral 
carinz nearly twice as long as its middle width, only one-fourth wider in 
the middle than at the ends; clypeus abruptly rounding back, nearly 
right angled with front ; elytra either coriaceous and only about half the 
length of the abdomen, venation indistinct, or else subhyaline, and much 
longer than the abdomen, the nervures distinct, 


264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Colour : striped yellow and black, the yellow shading out to green on 
the vertex and front, a median line, broad in front, narrowing out behind, 
extending from the vertex to the tip of the abdomen, and a pair of 
oblique lines rising under the eyes and meeting the median line on the 
last abdominal segment, yellow ; vertex green, margin and pair of spots 
at base black ; front green, the lateral carinee deep shining black; pustules 
on lateral areas of pronotum and scutellum black, lateral carinz of 
scutellum and a pair of stripes just within them black ; legs pale yellow. 

; Described from two specimens from Colorado, four from Nebraska, 
three from Kansas, and one from Iowa. One Kansas specimen was 
received from Crevecoeur ; all the rest were collected by the author. 

Kelisia salina, n. sp —Form of padliduda nearly, but longer and 
narrower, resembling crocea, but much smaller, pale, with the carine of 
front margined with black. Length, 3.5 mm. 

Vertex strongly carinate, one-third longer than wide, as long as the 
pronotum ; front broader proportionally than in crocea, the margin 
slightly and regularly rounding, but little narrowed above; elytra long 
and closely appressed behind, the apex broadly rounded ; venation as in 
crocea, the third apical nervure twice forked, the nervures studded with 
coarse dark hairs. 

Colour: front pale smoky, the carinz light, narrowly margined with 
black, which extends into the lateral fovee of the vertex ; basal part of 
vertex creamy ; pronotum pale, with more or less of smoky clouding on 
the disc ; scutellum creamy, often trilineate with pale. Legs and all 
below, except ovipositor and a few spots along margin, pale in the female, 
abdomen all dark in male. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from various places in 
Colorado, 

Kelisia parvula, n. sp.—Size of padlidula nearly, but with broader 
elytra, a shorter species than sadza, with an unmarked front ; front and 
above entirely pale. Length 3.25 mm. 

Vertex weakly carinate, broad, but little longer than wide, rounding 
to front ; front as in sadinma,; elytra longer than abdomen, broad at apex ; 
venation distinct, nervures strong and slightly setigerous, the third apical 
veinlet but once forked near the apex. 

Colour: pale straw or whitish; vertex and scutellum tinged with 
orange, the abdomen in male smoky brown and black, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265 





Described from one female from Coolidge, Kansas, and a pair from 
Ames, Iowa, all collected by the author. 


MEGAMELANUS, Nn. gen. 

Resembling AZegamelus, but with the front of equal width above and 
below and the vertex sharply angled in front. Resembling De/phacinus, 
but with the side keels of the pronotum attaining the hind margin. 
Vertex 5-angular, but with the lateral fovee depressed and their inner 
carine strong and meeting at the sharp apex, giving it the appearance of 
being acutely triangular ; front broad, nearly rectangular, median carina 
distinct, not forked, a trifle the widest in the middle, the lateral margins 
gently evenly curving, the apical margin carinate just above the deep 
clypeal suture; clypeus small, rounding, without carinz ; pronotum 
shorter than vertex, strongly tricarinate, the lateral pair just inside and 
parallel with those on vertex, extending to the posterior margin ; elytra 
commonly brachypterous, covering the second abdominal segment. In 
the macropterous form long and broadly rounding posteriorly ; venation 
nearly as in Megamelus. 

Type of the genus JZ. bicolor. 


Megamelanus bicolor, n. sp.—General appearance of Delphacinus 
mesomelas, but with a sharper vertex and straight lateral carinz on 
pronotum. Length: macropterous form, 3 mm.; brachypterous, 9, 2.5 
mm.; ¢, 1.6 mm. 

Vertex flat, acutely triangular on the disc, slightly longer than the 
pronotum, more than half its length in advance of the eyes; median 
carina weak, obsolete before the middle ; face slightly acutely angled with 
the vertex ; front nearly half longer than wide, the carinz sharp, narrow ; 
pronotum sharply carinate, slightly emarginate posteriorly ; elytra one- 
third Jonger than the vertex and pronotum in the brachypterous form, 
their apices rounding ; nervures simple, distinct, distinctly longer than the 
abdomen in the macropterous form, broadly rounding at apex, anteapical 
cells variable, apical veinlets straight and simple. 

Colour : females varying froma pale to a very bright straw colour, 
male pale straw colour ; elytra nearly white, the abdomen both above and 
below clypeus and under side of thorax black. Legs black, the tip of 
both femora and tibie pale, tarsi pale. 

A few males were found that mimic the females in size and colour. 
These were mostly parasitized, and it is possible that the others had 


been, 


266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Described from twenty-five specimens from various parts of Colorado, 
and one female from California. 


BosT&RA, n. gen. 

Resembling Sted@ra, but with a much broader vertex and front ; 
vertex and front broader than in Zaccocera, front bicarinate. Head 
transverse, wider than pronotum ; vertex parallel margined, over three 
times as wide as long, not extending in front of eyes; front six-angled, 
widest at the lower corner of the eye, where it is a trifle wider than its 
median length, two and one-half times as wide as at apex, median carina 
forking at one-fourth its length from the apex and regularly diverging until 
its forks inclose over half the width at base ; clypeus bearing an acutely- 
tipped, cone-shaped tubercle ; antenne very large, prominent, basal joint 
flat, second flat above, rounding below and tuberculate ; pronotum trans- 
verse, slightly angularly excavated behind, lateral carine curving around 
behind eyes, not reaching the posterior margin ; elytra about as in 
Stobera, obliquely truncate behind, nervures with setigerous tubercles ; 
tarsal spur broad, short, almost spoon-shaped. ; 

Type &. nasuta. 

The remarkably broad head, bicarinate front, and the “nose” on 
the clypeus, render this a very distinct and easily-recognized genus. 


Bostera nasuta, n. sp.—Slightly resembling Zaccocera vittatipennis, 
but with a much broader head; pale creamy yellow, with a black band at 
apex of elytra and another before it. Length, 5 mm. 

Vertex evenly rounding to the slightly-retreating front, slightly shorter 
than pronotum, not at all in advance of the eyes ; elytra much longer than 
abdomen, as broad as in 'S. ¢tricarinata, obliquely truncate at apex, the 
outer angle acute. 

Colour: pale creamy yellow, the vertex and front shading to brown- 
ish on a line below the eyes. This line is margined below with white, 
which again shades out into brownish fuscous on the clypeus. Scutellum 
orange ; elytra subhyaline, a spot on the suture before the apex of clavus; 
a band on apex and an oblique stripe before it, dark smoky brown or 
fuscous. 

Genitalia: male plates strap-shaped, their inner margins notched 
before the apex ; apical margins obliquely, roundingly excavated, their 
outer angles acute, upturned. 

Described from ten examples from Holly, Antonito and Fort Collins, 
Colo,, all collected by the author. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267 





A NEW BEE OF THE GENUS BOMBOMELECTA. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M. 

Bombomelecta Arizonica, vn. sp.— 2. Length about rr mm,, black ; 
head, thorax and legs with dull white hair, having a faint yellowish tinge ; 
black hair on cheeks, lower sides of face, labrum and mandibles ; hair of 
pleura, except its upper part, black ; a conspicuous band of black hair 
between the wings ; hair of anterior legs long and black, but the tarsi 
more or less silvery, and the femora with a conspicuous tuft of white hair 
near the end behind ; middle tibiz and tarsi largely silvery-white on the 
outer side, but the white and black pubescence are mixed, so as to 
produce a speckled effect ; hind tibiz and tarsi similar, except that the 
tibiz have the outer apical half black ; tegule large, black, punctured ; 
wings pale brownish, nervures piceous ; abdomen heart-shaped, with 
sparse black hair, and conspicuous clear-cut patches of white hair ; 
first segment with a broad band of yellowish-white erect or suberect hairs, 
interrupted in the middle ; first to fifth segments with lateral patches of 
appressed snow-white hair, that on the second segment broad and deeply 
notched behind. Clypeus shining and strongly punctured ; front rough 
and dull; antenne black, fairly long, last joint truncate ; labrum about 
as broad as long; maxillary palpi six-jointed, the last joint minute ; 
mandibles rather slender, with a low tooth on the inner side about the 
middle ; scutellum with two short pyramidal spines ; pygidial plate long 
and very narrow; apical ventral segment considerably but very narrowly 
produced ; claws of hind legs bifid, not dilated. Spurs black, gently 
curved. 

Hab.—Tempe, Arizona, end of March, 1902, visiting flowers of 
Spheralcea variabilis. The flowers were also visited by Hadictus and 
the honey-bee. This species is particularly interesting because in form, 
pubescence and colour it almost exactly imitates A/e/ecta grandis from 
Algeria, a specimen of which I possess through the kindness of Mr. 
Vachal. The only obvious superficial difference is in size, the Algerian 
bee being considerably the larger. The significance of this appears when 
we recall that Tempe was selected as the location of the experimental 
date-palm orchard, because its climate most resembles that of Algeria 
and other parts of North Africa, the home of the date. &. Arizonica 
completely breaks down the supposed difference in pubescence between 
Melecta and Bombomelecta; among the known species it is closest to 
B. Alfred. 


268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

(Paper No. 9.—Continued from p. 231.) 

FamiLty XXXII.—Bethylide. 


1830. Proctotrypides, Family (partim), Leach. Edinb. Ency., 
EX py tA 5: 

1830. Mutillidee, Family (partzm), Leach. Opus cit., p. 147. 

1839. Cenoptera, Tribe 6, Haliday. Hym. Syn., p. iil. 

1839. Bethyllide, Family 20, Haliday. Opus cit. 

1877. ‘Cenoptera, Inbesre, Forster, “Ueber doesyst. Werthyd: 
Fliigelg., p. 20. 

This family was first defined by that astute British systematist, A. H. 
Haliday, who, as early as 1839, very correctly placed the family among 
the Fossores. 

In 1893 the writer, in his Monograph of the North American 
Proctotrypide, followed the views of Prof. Westwood, and treated these 
insects as a subfamily in the Proctotrypide. Since that time, however, 
the extensive studies I have made into all families of the Hymenoptera 
have given me a much broader and more thorough knowledge of the 
families and their affinities, and I am now convinced that Haliday 
was right, that these insects are allied to the fossorial wasps, and 
have nothing to do with genuine Proctotrypoids ; they are clearly allied 
to the Chrysidide, through the Cleptine and Amerigine, and to the 
Sapygide, Tiphiide, Cosilide, Thynnide, Myrmoside and Mutillide,—all 
parasitic families. 

The family Z7gonalide, too, which is usually classified with the 
terebrant Hymenoptera, also belongs to the same category, being un- 
doubtedly allied to the Lethylide and the Sapygide, the two-jointed 
trochanters, the long multiarticulate antenne, and the superficial 
resemblance to genuine ichneumonids having misled most systematists 
as to its true position. 

In this connection it may be well to call special attention to the new 
Bethylid genus, /robethylus, discovered by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, in 
Arizona, with 23-jointed antenne, and to the genus S¢clerogibba, Stefani, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 269 








with 26-jointed antenni, since these genera differ so widely in antennal 
characters from others in the group, and apparently emphasize the 
affinities between these wasps. 


Table of Subfamilies. 
Wingless forms. . Ps eae : : Cee eV ch ole ep ape haat Ae 
Winged, the nine wings ce a tebe 4 at Shases ene wings with one or 
two basal cells. 

EME OPMOt, ODION GO. alia eg che sive c+ ode etch apemnlen a Syetinpr aieanaee 2 

Head oblong. 
Antenne inserted at the clypeus, usually 12- or 13-jointed, 
rarely 23- or 26-jointed ; front femora usually more or less 
SWOllENS cee ee sees os os se subtamily I—=Bethylinees 


2. Head globose or rounded; front wings with a lanceolate stigma; front 
tarsi in 9 never chelate; antenne in @ 13-jointed, in g 1o- 
jointed . Sees cots ........Subfamily I1.—Embolemine. 

Head transverse or supe uadete front wings usually with a large 
stigma ; front tarsi in ? frequently chelate ; antenne 1o-jointed in 
bOtDSEXES@ ws. osc sccisae eaekeee so. se subfamily LT. Dryimina, 


3. Front femora much swollen. 

Head oblong; antenne usually r2- or 13-jointed, alike in both 
Sexes; rarely 23=20-jotnteds -. a: ce ae ee woes I.—Bethylinze 

Head transverse or subquadrate, or globose. . 
Head ae ; antenne in 9 ST front tarsi 
normal. bee tay tae . 1].—Embolemine. 
Head transverse or aunauaenane antenne 1o jointed; front 
farsv.in .o chelate jy. eee eee Ae = yates 


SupFaAMILY I.—Bethylinee. 
This subfamily may be divided into two very distinct tribes : 
Table of Tribes. 


Antenne 23- to 26-jointed............ ....... Tribe I.—Sclerogibbini. 
Antenne 12- to 13-jointed......................Tribe I1.—Bethylin1. 


TripeE I.—Sclerogibbini. 

In this tribe only two genera are known, and they are easily 
recognized from other Bethylids by the multiarticulated antenne, the 
antenne being 23- or 26-jointed. In the Bethylini the antennc are never 
more than 13-jointed. 


270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











Table of Genera. 
Toe ales ie. FR ee ee ink & Sees ep aera keoe camera nce a 


Females. 
Wingless. 
Antenne 26-jointed ; ocelli wanting ( ¢ un- 
KNOWN... «> -- 1+) oe gees. (1), Scleragibba, Stetant- 
(Type S. crassifemorata, Stef.) 
2. Front wings with a closed marginal cell w/éthout discoidal cells ; 
antenn 23-jointed (9 unknown)..(2) Probethylus, Ashmead, g. nov. 
(Type P. Schwarzi, Ashmead, MS.) 
Tribe IJ.—Bethylini. 

The antenne are 12- or 13-jointed, alike in both sexes. Among the 
females, wingless forms are common, and in many cases are totally 
different from the males, so that the sexes are not easily correlated. 

Many of them, too, were it not for their oblong heads, could be easily 
mistaken for apterous females in the families Thynnidze and Mutillide. 


‘Table of Genera. 


TMS oop cect es 5 Gk SRM eo a5 eT eR a crate a ee 
Females. 

Wingless (OTMS 66 ucts os a + 5 cee ce eee nneee Tote aan ace 

Winse@stormis.; = fe foe loc te ee eee Reeetn chet ara mien canteen a 

BA EeAaCh wits OCElIL. cc. cic eteuts 0h ae os Raye, Caen ane aerate Raton ene 

Head without NCel’s Sateaas Pineal By RAE, bast ngs oni GER ESS 

3. Metathorax quadrate or nearly, not much Snkiriated & at the base..5. 


Metathorax not quadrate, much constricted or strangulated at base. 4. 
4. Scutellum present; mandibles 3- or 4-dentate ; maxillary palpi 
Pej OUIREE Go F's te S  mnty crc ace te nat eet ee .(1) Pristocera, Klug. 
( Type Bethylis depressa, Fabr.) 
Scutellum wanting ; mandibles 3-dentate ; maxillary palpi 6- 


POINTE. cs ps6: uel oo een. (2) Asobrachituy sGreter: 

(Type Omalus fuscicornis, Nees.) 

5. Scutellum present ; metathorax quadrate or trapezoidal’ .65 2.2206. 
Scutellum wanting ; metathorax rounded off 

GS uEMUOTLY’)./.... 1a, (en ene © ...(3) Ecitopria, Wasmann. 

(Type E. crassicornis, Wasm.) 

6. Mandibles 2- or 3-dentate ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed.............7- 

Mandibles 4- iieutate: : Rite | i » 
jointed... VE ai ; .(4) Scleroderma, Latreille. 


mepe S. domesticus, Latr.) 





7: 


To. 


Il. 


12. 


13. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2a 





NMandibles*2=dentater wren eas. 'e ace) 4. PLL eee es Boro re 
Mandibles 3-dentate.. ..............(5) Dissemphalus, Ashmead. 
(Type D. xanthopus, Ashm.) 


. Maxillary palpi normal ; labial palpi 3- 


JOINtCG wt aeeene eee re ds ss ata ce. 2 (OG) Ateleoptentis.s WOnsrer 
(Type A. Forsteri, Kirchner.) 
Maxillary palpi deformed ; labial palpi 3- 
[Otc eet ch cae ecieai. «ts oe ss onal) Apemesia, WWestwoouds 
(Type A. amazonica, Westw.) 
Antenne 12-jointed ; maxillary palpi 4- 
JOIMECH as 2: ci.nk daneiees «ssa -.(0) Cephalonomia,. Westwood: 
(Type C. formiciformis, Westw.) 
Front wings zt a stigmated marginal vein and a marginal cell, the 
fadial-vein always well-developed. <<... pcos Who ee obs 
Front wings zw¢thout a stigmated marginal vein and marginal cell, the 
radial vein not at all or only slightly developed, sometimes wholly 
CUSED rete r ibe oy, «x. Daa gee MMM ERES o> seis aie isl e/a obe seal abaya okay oh Sen 
Front wings z7t/ a short linear marginal vein and a short radius. .12. 
Front wings zw/7thout a marginal and a radial vein. 
One basal cell; antennz 13-jointed...(6) Ateleopterus, Forster. 
No basal cell; antenne 12-jointed. .(8) Cephalonomia, Westwood. 


Two basal cells about of an equal length. 


Antenne 13-jointed................ ..(9) Laelius, Ashmead. 
(Type L. trogodermatis, Ashm.) 
Antennee<e-jointed:.). ......ee ose -« se(ce)ebethylas, Latreille: 


(Type B. cenopterus, Latr.) 
Basal vein with a branch directed backwards, sometimes forming a 


small closed cell; parastigma usually present...............17. 
Basal vein zw7thout such a branch ; no parastigma. 

Front wings with an zacompZete or open marginal cell.......14. 

Front wings with a complete marginal cell ; antenne 13-jointed. 

With one discoidal cell............(11) Sierola, Cameron. 

(Type S. testaceipes, Cam.) 

With ¢wo discoidal cells......(12) Eupsenella, Westwood. 


(Type E. agilis, Westw.) 


14. Mesonotum: zthout furrows, or the furrows are incomplete and 


INeISGiNGb sie: SE Bo eels iy PP ae, Mh Le ee 





272 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 

Mesonotum w/fh distinct, complete furrows...... Ty ie 

15. Antenne 13-jointed, maxillary palpi 6-, labial salpi 3- Sorted 
Scutellum bifoveate at base............{13) Mesitius, Spinola. 
(Type M. Ghilianii, Spin. ) 
Scutellum not bifoveate at base, but with a transverse grooved 

line. 

Maxilla bilobed at apex...... ...(14) Epyrus, Westwood. 
(Type E. niger, Westw.) 
Maxilla tnlobed at apex: =. .-.- =. (15) Calyoza, Westwood. 
(Type C. staphylinoides, Westw.) 
no. Antenne 12-jomted :A.yser 2 = &- tse os tho) ANOXIIS, ) DOmson: 


(Type A. boops, Thoms.) 


Antenne 13-jointed. 
Scutellum bifoveate at base ............(13) Mesitius, Spinola. 
? =Dolus, Motsch. 


(Type M. Ghilianii, Spinola.) 
Scutellum with a transverse grooved line at 


DaSGse neckties ak vse awe eal Spy. Weskmmade 

(Type E. niger, Westw.) 

17, Antenne 12-jomted’, e092. 5) ens) Po eo) Perisemus, Worster, 
(Type P. Triareolatus, Forst.) 

Antenne 13-jointed........... SL Dae. (27) (Gomozic- Forster 


(Type G. clavipennis, Forst.) 
18. Front wings wth a distinct marginal cell, the radius always long, 


sometimes forming a closed marginal cell. ence ees 
Front wings without a distinct marginal Pil the pads wanting or 
WEL, SIGE Foe etki e, oc: veo shene ee) ey Marte ia, 0s (SS etme tet eget ate 
1g. Front wings wth a short linear marginal vein and a short radius. . 21. 
Front wings wéthout marginal and radial veins. ae jg BOM 
20) Antenne, 12-jointed 2. Boe (8) Ge snaieaonne ‘aia. 
Antenne 13-jointed. 

Front wings with ove basal cell.... ..(6) Ateleopterus, Forster. 
Front wings with ¢wo basal cells...........Scleroderma, Klug. 

21. Two basal cells in front wings. 
Antenne 13-jointed.....2)......0+o..-.8Laelius, Ashmead. 
Antenne 12-Jountedinirs: Game cer chee teas saat Bethylus, Latreille. 
22. Front wings with an saber leee marginal cell. pinata TRIER teases Bi 


Front wings with a complete or closed seat i 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 273 








Antenne 13-jointed. 

One diseoidalkcells.453-).002 «.... 2 eel pesierola., \Cam: 
Two discoidal cells.....,....(12) Eupsenella, Westwood. 
23. Basal nervure zwzthout a backward-directed branch; no parastigma.. 24. 
Basal nervure zt a branch directed backwards ; a parastigma.. .27. 
24. Mesonotum w7thou/ furrows, or the furrows very indistinct...,... 26. 
Mesonotumyep7@ furrows’ Gisfinet.2:25.\..).,<.8..dgeee.. as.) ene 

25. Antenne 13-jointed, simple, not ramose. 
Scutellum bifoveate at base; maxilla terminating in fo 


lobes. eer Jeers Js 1 s)s ou tEA apy iis Westwood, 

Somethin Reith a transverse furrow or fovea at base; maxilla 

mane three JODES! scsi idem: «+ ae oR) MeesItUS Spinola 

Antenne 13-jointed, vamose..............(15) Calyoza, Westwood. 
(Type C. staphylinoides, Westw.) 

26 Antennz 12-jointed ; eyes hairy............(16) Anoxus, Thomson. 


Antenne 13-jointed. 
Mandibles long, slender, bifid at apex.....(7) Apenesia, Westw. 


Laelius, Ashmead. 
Mandibles 4- to 6-dentate. 


Scutellum bifoveate at base...............(13) Mesitius. 

Scutellum with a transverse grooved line or furrow at 

DaSEt ss) ite ae eee ieee Au el py TiS. VVEStwoous 

27. Antennce 1 2-JOMMted. .-... > ysaei. cee) (10) Berisimus. Morster. 
PAIECTINGS FSAGRMECH . . . ios... eee) ae eG pf). GONIOZ US .0F OFSten. 


A TORTOISE-BEETLE NEW TO QUEBEC. 
BY THE REV. THOS. W. FYLES, LEVIS, P. Q. 





In July last I noticed that the leaves of the burdocks on the Heights 
of Levis were riddied as if from a discharge of small shot. On 
examination, I found that the damage to the leaves was caused by 
numerous larvee of a species of Cassida. ‘The creatures were there in 
strength, each supporting, by means of the forked prolongation of its anal 
segment, its ‘“‘stercoraceous parasol.” Towards the end of the month 
the grim-looking pup were to be seen, bristling round their edges 
with white branched spines, and attached to the leaves by a natural 
cement. In the present month (August) the beetles have appeared. , 
They are about eight millimetres in length and five millimetres in breadth. 
The elytra and the thoracic shield are pea-green and are closely indented, 


274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








The body-colour is dark brown, approaching to black. The antenne are 
moniliform and somewhat clavate ; for part of their length they are pale 
green and for the rest light brown. ‘The thighs are brown, and the tibie 
and tarsi are pale green. ‘The tarsi are four-jointed. 

This insect, I take it, is the Casstda viridis of Linneus, advanced 
from Europe. It is in such numbers that it is evidently well established— 
is come to stay; and, as it feeds on the burdock and Canada thistle, 
nobody, I presume, will object to its advent. 


HYDRCCIA NELITA, STRECKER. 


BY HENRY H, LYMAN, MONTREAL. 


In Supplement No. 1 to his work ‘ Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and 
Heteroceres, Indigenous and Exotic,” dated Sept. 15th, 1898, Dr. 
Herman Strecker described a species under the above name as follows : 


**At first glance might be taken for a small JVz¢e/a, but it is a darker, warmer colour, 
more towards a rich chestnut. The t. p. is not so conspicuous, and is much more 
upright, and its course is rather from the costa outwardly oblique than inwardly oblique. 
One example has the space from the base to t. p. chestnut brown, exteriorly the t. p. is 
accompanied by a broad, paler ashen shade, beyond which the brown again prevails. 
In another the whole wing is brown, the t. p. only being discernible on the closest 
inspection. Beyond what I have mentioned, the differences between this and (WV7fe/a, 
excepting size, are not very marked. Expands one inch. Types, two examples from 
Chicago, Illinois.” 


When I attended the annual meeting of the A. A. A. S. at Pittsburg, 
at the end of June and beginning of July last, I took with me, among 
other things, two of my types of Gortyna rata. When I showed my 
specimens to Dr. Holland, he immediately expressed the opinion that 
these two belonged to MWecopina, showing that he also saw the close 
resemblance to that species. 

When, however, I showed them to Dr. J. B. Smith, he asked me if 
the flown specimen which Mr. Winn had given to Mr. Bird was of the 
same species, for if so, the species was /Ve/ita, Strecker. I immediately 
arranged to visit Reading, in order to see the types of Strecker’s species, 
and upon comparing the types of 4rata with them, I was forced to the 
conclusion that Dr. Smith was right. 

I greatly regret having created a synonym, but I have sinned in the 
best of entomological company, and do not think 1 can be blamed for 
not having recognized in my beautiful bred specimens the species so 
inadequately described by Dr. Strecker from a pair of flown dwarfs, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 





THREE NEW GOMPHINES. 
BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, LAKE FOREST, ILL. 


Herewith I offer descriptions of three new species of dragon-flies of 
the subfamily Gomphinz of Odonata. Figures of the appendages of all 
will appear in my forthcoming handbook of the dragon-flies of North 
America, 

Gomphus lentulus, 0. sp. 

Length 49 mm., abdomen 34 mm., hind wing 29 mm. 

Colours obscure (due in part to fading of specimen) ; face obscure 
yellowish, shining ; frons above and occiput and the ridges above the 
latera! ocelli yellow, the remainder of the vertex brownish. Prothorax 
brownish, with a double median spot of yellow on the dorsum. Thorax 
obscure yellowish, with a faint indication of a pair of narrow stripes 
of brown beside the middorsal carina, and of broader antehumeral 
and humeral stripes ; a brown pale line on the third lateral suture. Legs 
black, hairy (male), with coxze, trochanters, external (dorsal) face of the 
tibize and of the two basal segments of the tarsi yellow. Wings hyaline, 
costa yellow, stigma fulvous, covering 5—6 cells ; antecubitals 13-14 on 
the fore wings, 9-10 on the hind wings ; postcubitals ro-r11 on all wings ; 
no anal loop, but veins Ar and A2 are widely separated at base, and 
there is a single elongated cell between, as is usual in G. w7/losipes; 
between the anal triangle and this cell there is but one other cell bordering 
on the anal vein. 

Abdomen brownish, broadly streaked with yellow longitudinally on 
segments 1~4, becoming suffused with rufous on segments 7-9 ; segment 
10 and appendages yellow ; segment 9 cut very obliquely at apex, longer 
on the dorsal side, its lateral margins little dilated. Superior appendages 
shorter than the inferiors, strongly divergent, straight, scarcely tapering, 
suddenly obliquely truncate on end, with an acute internal angle and a 
broad, black caruncle under the obtuse external angle. Inferior appendage 
roundly divided, its forks not wider apart than are the two superior 


appendages, straight, tapering to the darker coloured, sharply-upcurved 
ups. 


276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





A single male specimen, collected end of June, 1898, five miles 
north-east of Flora, Ill., Little Wabash River, by J. F. Garber, in 
the collection of Mr. Chas A. Hart, who has very kindly offered me the 
specimen for description. It belongs to the subgenus Arigomphus, and 


G. pallidus is perhaps its nearest ally. 


Gomphus cavillaris, n. sp. 
Length 41 mm., abdomen 30 mm., hind wing 24 mm. 


Face yellow, tinged with brown on the sutures and on the middle of 
the labrum. Vertex blackish, except the postocellar ridge and a narrow 
basal ring around each antenna. Occiput yellow, straight, or very 


slightly convex at its ends, with a thin fringe of black hairs. 


Prothorax brown, with median and lateral spots of greenish yellow. 
Dorsum of the thorax greenish yellow, with a triangular median stripe of 
brown, divided on the carina, greatly dilated below, almost interrupted on 
the collar. Humeral and antehumeral stripes distinct, the latter isolated 
above. Sides greenish yellow, with narrow pale brown stripes on sutures. 
Legs entirely reddish beyond the trochanters, with black spines and black- 
tipped claws. Wings hyaline, costa yellow, stigma fulvous. Antecubitals 
of fore wing 9, of hind wing 7, postcubitals 6-7 on all wings ; the rst and 


4th antecubitals of the hind wings hypertrophied. 


Abdomen brown, with ill-defined middorsal stripe of yellowish green, 
disappearing on segments $ and g. Sides of segments 1 and 2, including 
the auricles and base of 3, greenish yellow; indistinct lateral paler marks 
also on 4-6; sides of 7—9 bright yellow inferiorly, superiorly fulvous ; 10 
brown, paler below ; appendages brown. Apex of segment 8 cut very 


obliquely, longer on the dorsal side. 


Appendages brown, the superiors scarcely longer than the inferiors, 
- and scarcely more divergent, obliquely truncate, with the inner angle 
produced into a long, straight, posteriorly-directed point, the external 
angle also acute, short, situated at two-thirds their length. Viewed from 
the side, the external angle presents an inferior tooth, and beyond it on 


the outer margin are two other smaller teeth before the apex, one near the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


bo 
~I 
—] 





tooth first named, with a distinct notch intervening, and the other near the 
apex ; branches of the inferior appendage tapering, upcurved, their tips 
appearing outside the inner angle of the superiors. 

Vulvar lamina of female completely divided into two short, broad 
lobes, and hind femora each with a double row of less numerous, much 
longer and stronger spines, otherwise similar to the male. 

One male, Ft. Reed, Fla., 6th March, 1876, collected by Professor 
J. H. Comstock, and in the Cornell University collection ; and a number 
of specimens of both sexes, Gotha, Fla., 27th and 28th February, collected 
by Miss Matilda Wichtendahl, and in the collection of Mr. C. C. Adams. 


Our smallest species; as closely related to G. mditaris as to any 
other. 


Ophiogomphus phaleratus, n. sp. 

Length 47 mm., abdomen 35 mm., hind wing 30 mm. 

Face yellow, vertex black, except two rings on the base of each 
antenna, two minute crescents surrounding the lateral ocelli in front, the 
ends of the postocellar ridge and a spot on the rear, including the middle 
of this ridge; occiput yellow, with a thin fringe of brown hair on the 
straight hind margin. 

Thorax thinly pubescent ; prothorax brown, with a yellow twin spot 
on the middle and a larger yellow spot on each side. Dorsum of thorax 
with a moderate stripe of brown, divided by yellow on the middle of the 
carina, contracted on the collar; humeral and antehumeral stripes of 
brown, confluent above and below, around a narrow dividing line of 
yellow. Sides of thorax yellow, with narrow lines of pale brown on the 
sutures. Legs yellow, a blackish spot on the apical fourth of the femora 
above, tibiz and tarsi black, with a yellow stripe on the external face of 
the tibie ; knees yellow. Wings hyaline; costa yellow, stigma pale 
brown ; antecubitals of the fore wing 31, of the hind wing g, postcubitals 
of all wings 9-10. 

Abdomen brownish, with a row of broad spots on the dorsum of 
segments 1~9, covering segment :, restricted to the basal two-thirds of 


segments 2~—9, best defined on the middle segments. Segment 10 wholly 


bo 
I 
(oe) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





yellow. Sides of segments 1-3 yellow, including the auricles ; sides of 
7-9 broadly yellow, with apical ventral angles bordered with black; 
appendages yellow. 

Appendages yellow, the superiors one-third longer than the inferior, 
hardly as long as the 9th abdominal segment. Viewed from above, the 
superiors are arcuate, approximated at apex around an oval space, but not 
quite touching, smoothly rounded externally ; the inferior shows an oval 
apical cleft, whose depth equals one-third the length of that appendage. 
Viewed from the side, the superiors are broad at base, suddenly contracted 
just beyond, and then cylindric and regularly declined to apex, with the 
superior margin regularly curving from base to apex ; a straight row of 
half a dozen black denticles beneath the apical third; apex obtuse. 
Inferior deciined at base and upcurved at apex, its superior margin 
forming a regular semicircular curve ; apices hidden between superiors, 
each bearing a little superior tooth. 

A single male specimen collected at Corvallis, Oregon, June 6th, by 
Prof. A. B. Cordley, by whose generosity the specimen is now in the 
collection of the writer. 





NOWES. 

We regret to record the death of Mr. R. J. Weir, of Elkhart, 
Indiana, which took place on Sunday, September 21st, after an iliness of 
only two days, from appendicitis. Mr. Weith was born in Prussia, on the 
15th of September, 1847. At the age of twenty-five he came to America, 
and after visiting many of the large cities in the east and south, finally 
setuled at Elkhart, where he lived for about a quarter of a century. For 
many years he devoted himself to the study of entomology and the collec- 
tion of insects, especially Hymenoptera, and made many notable captures. 





Mr. Oris W. Barrett, formerly of Tacubaya, Mexico, is now at the 
Agricultural Experiment Station, Mayaguez, Porto Rico, and desires his 
correspondents to take note of his new address. 





THe ANNUAL MEETING of the Entomological Society of Ontario will 
be held in London, on Wednesday and Thursday, October 29th and 30th, 





Mailed October 9th, 1902. 


' 





Che Canadliay 








Vion. XX MTV: LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1902. No. 13 








THE LIPE-AISTORY OF THE: VARIABLE CUDWORSE 
MAMESTRA ATLANTICA, GRY. 
BY DR. JAMES FLETCHER AND ARTHUR GIBSON, OTTAWA. 


In the Report of the Dominion Entomologist for rgo01 a notice was 
given of this insect, the moth of which has for some years at Ottawa been 
one of the commonest species of the genus found flying during the 
summer. Any species as abundant as this is must be injurious, should 
the caterpillars at any time attack a cultivated crop. The larve have 
occasionally been found in vegetable gardens, around peas and beet root, 
but no injury as yet has been noticed. ‘The finding of a cluster of eggs 
last year by Mr. Gibson gave an opportunity of studying the lfe-history, 
which is herewith submitted. 

On the 6th June, 1go1, a batch of about go eggs of Alamestra 
atlantica, Grt., was found at Ottawa on Lownicera caprifolium, Linn. 
The eggs were laid on the upper surface of a leaf, in a compact heap 
of three layers. 

Egg.—Dome-shaped, slightly smaller at the base than just above it, 
where it is widest; height, 0.4 mm.; width, o.66 mm. In general 
appearance similar to the eggs of Leridroma saucia, Hbn., which 
have been so often figured. The micropyle is conspicuous, surrounded 
by about 5 rings of large cells. The mbs, about 24 in number, all divide 
once, and some of them twice, before they reach the base. The large cells, 
which show plainly above the point where the ribs divide, occur over the 
whole surface of the egg, forming a network connecting the ribs. When 
found, the eggs were of a pinkish shade. 

The eggs hatched during the morning of the roth June. 

Stage .—Length after hatching, 2.3 mm., of a dirty whitish colour, 
alimentary canal showing dark through the skin. After feeding, the colour 
is pale green. Head 0.4 mm., wide, large, rather flat in front, pale brown; 
mandibles reddish; ocelli dark ; hairs on face black, each of which is 


280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





encircled by a dark brown spot. Besides these dark spots, there are 
smalier dots and short dashes of brown on the face, particularly near 
vertex. Cervical shield very pale brown, inconspicuous, on the front of 
which are 4 large black tubercles, and 4 smaller ones on the hind margin. 
Body cylindrical, skin shiny. appearing to be slightly wrinkled under a 
lens. Tubercles large, biack, shiny, each bearing one bristle. Bristles 
long, stiff and black ; tubercles i, in and v in a line, iv close behind 
spiracles, which are small and black. Thoracic feet and prolegs 
concolorous with venter, plates on thoracic feet shiny biack. The first 
two pairs of abdominal feet aborted. 

On the 13th June the larve were quiet and swollen, ready for 
the first moult. At this time they were pallid. By the 14th nearly 
all had moulted. 


Stage 77—Length, 5 mm. Head 0.6 mm. wide, round, slightly 
depressed and bilobed at vertex, greenish white, mottled with large and 
small blackish spots, the large spots at the base of each hair ; ocelli dark; 
antenne pale; tips of mandibles reddish. Cervical shield concolorous 
with body, and inconspicuous. Body above spiracles a dirty gray, some 
specimens greenish gray ; ventral surface pale greenish. A pale whitish 
dorsal stripe is now apparent, also two whitish lateral stripes, one 
just below tubercle ii, the other just above tubercle iii. There is 
also a substigmatal band just below spiracles, touching tubercle iv. 
Tubercles as before, black, shiny, each bearing one black bristle. Skin of 
body smooth and shiny. Spiracles black, very small. Thoracic feet 
slightly darker than ventral surface and bearing blackish plates as before. 
Prolegs concolorous with venter ; lower edge of claspers dark. 

On the 15th June some were swollen and ready for the second moult. 
On the 16th nearly ail moulted. 


Stage J/77—Length, 9.5 mm. Head o.9 to 1.0 mm. wide, slightly 
depressed at apex, pale green, mottled or spotted as before, the large spots 
at base of each hair on face being black, and the smaller spots, which are 
mostly on the upper inner half of cheek, being brown ; mandibles reddish; 
antenne pale, darkened towards tips. Body cylindrical, dull greenish 
above spiracles, paler green beneath substigmatal band. In a few 
specimens the colour of the body above the spiracles is a dull reddish- 
brown. Dorsal and upper iateral stripes whitish. The lateral stripe 
apparent in last stage just above tubercle ili is very faint, but can 
be observed under a lens. The substigmatal band is a clear light 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. _/ @e8 


yellow, and is the most conspicuous marking onthe body. The black 
tubercles are as before, but at the base of each there is a pale circle. 
Spiracles whitish, rimmed with black. Thoracic feet and prolegs 
concolorous with venter, thoracic feet darkened at tips. Claspers of 
prolegs slightly reddish ; bristles pale and short. 

On the 18th June a few larve passed the third moult, and on the roth 
nearly all the remaining specimens moulted. 

Stage 7V.—Length 12.5 mm. Head 1.2 to 1.4 mm. wide, shaped 
as before, pale brown, finely mottled with darker brown, particularly 
on upper half of cheek; each hair on face encircled at base with 
black; antenne and mandibles as before; ocelli dark. Body above 
spiracles dull brown with a greenish and a reddish tinge, below spiracles 
paler, namely, greenish brown with a reddish tinge. The colour of 
a few specimens above the spiracles is dull greenish, as in the case of the 
majority of specimens in last stage. Dorsal and upper lateral stripes 
whitish, distinct, edged with blackish brown ; the lower lateral] stripe just 
above tubercle ili very faint, as in Stage III. Substigmatal band very 
wide and conspicuous, of a bright light yellow colour, with a bright 
red stripe running through the lower half. Tubercles black, small, shiny, 
each with a pale circle at base, as in last stage ; bristles very short and 
black. Spiracles yellowish, rimmed with black. Thoracic feet and 
prolegs pale, of a translucent appearance, all the feet spotted with black ; 
bristles short. 

On the 23rd June many of the larve passed the fourth moult, others 
a day or two following. 


Stage V.—Length,15 mm. Head 1.6 to 1.7 mm. wide, as in last 
stage, testaceous, mottled with darker brown. In this stage most of the 
larvz are of an apple-green colour, only a very few being dull brown or 
reddish above spiracles ; otherwise the larve are much the same as in the 


last stage. The pale lower lateral stripe just above tubercle ii has now- 


disappeared, and the only stripes on the body are the dorsal and upper 
lateral (which afterwards will be mentioned as the lateral), and the wide, 
conspicuous substigmatal band. In the green larvz the dorsal and lateral 
stripes are white, both bordered on each side with dark green, the dorsal 
stripe being the more heavily bordered. The substigmatal band is bright 
pale yellow, with no red on it. In the larvz, which are reddish above 
spiracles, the substigmatal band is yellow, with some red on it, but not so 
_ much as in last stage. The dorsal and lateral stripes are not so white as 


pe ee eh ™ 


bo 
ie2) 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





in the green specimens, and are bordered by dark brown. The ventral 
surface of all the specimens is slightly paler than the dorsal. Tubercles 
black and very small. Thoracic feet and prolegs concolorous with 
venter. 

On the 27th June some of the specimens passed the fifth moult, the 
remainder on the 28th and zoth. 


Stage V/.—Length 23 mm. Head 2.0 to 2.3 mm. wide, as before, 
testaceous, mottled and reticulated with dark brown. The larve in this 
stage are almost the same asin the last. Nearly half the specimens are 
brownish, some having a slight reddish shade, the venter being of a paler 
brown than the dorsum. The majority of the larve, however, are of an 
apple-green colour, with the venter slightly paler. The whole skin is 
spotted with white. Dorsal stripe heavily bordered on either side 
with blackish brown. Lateral stripe also bordered with tle same colour, 
but not so heavily. Substigmatal band pale yellow, the lower half being 
brownish red. In the green specimens the dorsal and lateral stripes are 
not so conspicuous as in the dark larvee, and are only faintly bordered 
with dark green, the substigmatal band being bright yellow, with no red in 
it whatever. The spiracles are white, lined with black, in both the brown 
and the green larve. ‘Tubercles small, black bristles short. In the green 
specimens the cervical shield is concolorous with the body. In the dark 
specimens the shield is noticeable, being of a darker colour than the body. 
Thoracic feet and prolegs all concolorous with venter. 

On the zoth June several larve passed the sixth moult, and by 3rd 
July nearly all had moulted. 


Stage V77.—Length, 29 mm. Head 2.8 to 3.1 mm., as in last 
stage. The intensity of the colour of the head, as is natural in a 
caterpillar presenting such a wide range of colour variation, varies 
in different specimens, but, on the whole, becomes darker and the 
markings more distinct with each moult. The larve in this stage are of 
two colours as before. For a day or so after moulting, the dorsal 
and lateral stripes are very conspicuous. After a few days the lateral 
stripe is not so plain as at first, and in some specimens is interrupted. 
The dorsal stripe remains conspicuous, and has the appearance of a 
blackish band with a medio-dorsal line of pale yellow. The substigmatal 
band is very wide, pale bright yellow, many specimens, both green and 
brownish, having the lower half suffused with light red. This band 
is very conspicuous, and extends from the front edge of segment 2 right 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283 





down to the base of the anal feet. In the larvee of both colours the venter 
is slightly lighter than the dorsum. Cervical shield slightly darker than 
body. In all the specimens the whole skin above the stigmatal band is 
densely mottled with minute black blotches and streaks. In some of the 
brown specimens the skin between the dorsal and lateral stripes, and 
lateral stripe and substigmatal band, has a decidedly reddish tinge, 
chiefly along the lower edge of the lateral stripe. In a very few 
specimens traces are evident of the lower lateral stripe which was plain in 
Stages II., III. and IV. Tubercles normal, very small, black, each on a 
small black spot; bristles short. Tubercle iv. is in a straight line close 
behind the centre of the spiracle. Spiracles yellowish, ringed with 
black. Thoracic feet and prolegs concolorous with venter; thoracic 
feet tipped with black. Tips of claspers of prolegs dark. 

The mature larva is 37 mm. in length at rest, and 40 mm. when 
extended. 

In the Report of the Dominion Entomologist, mentioned above, at 
page 237, the following geneval description of the full-grown larva is 
given : 

“The general appearance of these caterpillars may be described 
as follows: The ground colour of the body, which varies remarkably in 
different specimens of the same brood, ranges from yellowish-green, 
through a dull yellow ochre, a ruddy brown, to a dark umber brown. 
The markings may be described as minute mottlings, dots and streaks 
aggregated on the dorsal area into a regular pattern consisting of a 
medio-dorsal continuous band, with a pale disconnected narrow line in 
the centre, and two lateral less-connected stripes also centred with a pale 
thread and of about the same intensity as the medio-dorsal band. ‘The 
space between the lateral stripes is closely speckled with black dots. The 
stigmatal stripe is black, narrow and distinct, and close beneath it is a 
wide, conspicuous, yellow substigmatal band with the ground colour 
showing through it in places. The ventral surface is slightly paler than 
the dorsal. The head is honey yellow, mottled with darker markings.” 

It will be noticed that in the above extract the conspicuous dark 
shading above the substigmatal band has been given the value of a 
definite stripe, and referred to as the stigmata] stripe. 

On the 6th July nine specimens buried, and the rest soon followed. 
A slight cocoon is formed apparently without any silk. 


284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The pupa averages 17 mm. in length by 5.5 mm. in width; colour 
dark mahogany brown, polished. Thorax, wing-cases, etc., finely 
wrinkled with transverse lines; abdomen polished, the segments finely 
punctured at base. Cremaster stout, rugose above, excavated beneath, 
with two very short points about half way from base, one on each side, 
and at the tip two slender, divergent and capitate spines 0.4 mm. in 
length. 

The first moth emerged on the 17th July, and others appeared during 
the following fortnight. About half the brood wintered over as pupe, 
the first spring moth appearing on the 15th April (in a cool cellar). 
This was probably a month earlier than would have been the case out of 
doors. 

Food-plants—As the eggs from which these larve were reared were 
found on the European honeysuckle, leaves of this plant and many other 
shrubs were offered to them. The larve, however, avoided the honey- 
suckle, and the only plants eaten to any measure were the red oak, curled 
dock, willows and poplar. Of these, a note was made that the oak was 
decidedly the favourite food-plant. Later, however, the leaves of all 
woody-stemmed plants were refused, and plantain, dandelion and a few 
other low-growing herbs were fed to them, plantain being the most eaten. 





NORTHWEST (CANADA) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 


The fourth annual meeting of this Society will be held on Wednesday, 
November 5th, 1902, at 3 p. m., in the High School, Calgary, Alta. 
Among other things it is proposed to devise an extension of its work on 
the lines of a Natural History Society, and to that end to adopt as its title, 


b] 


“The Northwest Natural History Society,” or a similar title. His Lord- 
ship the Bishop of Saskatchewan and Calgary will preside, and the 
Department of Agriculture will be represented. If this extension is 
carried out, the various objects will be entrusted to divisions of 
entomology, botany, ornithology, etc., with a central presiding officer at 


Regina. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285 








TWO NEW ANTS-NEST COCCIDS FROM TEXAS. 


BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. 


Dactylopius Wheeleri, n. sp.— @ flesh colour, covered with a white, 
fluffy material, elongate oval, 134 mm. long, 1 broad, ¥y% high, convex, 
very flat beneath. Segmentation distinct. Boiled in potash, they 
turn brown; transferred to cold water, the internal juice becomes 
colourless. Pressed under cover-glass, the skin is colourless, with 
several long hairs anteriorly and on the caudal region above the anal 
ring and caudal tubercles. Anal ring normal, with six stout bristles. 
Caudal tubercles very prominent, with two long bristles 120 and 
260 » long. Legs stout, front leg coxa 140. Femur and trochanter 
220. Tibia 148. ‘Tarsus too w long. Claw thin, sharp, with a distinct 
tooth near the end. ‘Tibia and tarsus have several short hairs. Digitules 
of tarsus and claw very small. Labium small. Rostral loop exceedingly 
long. 

Antennz 7-jointed: Joint (1) 48, (2) 52, (3) 52, (4) 44, (5) 40, (6) 
40, (7) 100. Formula 7(23)14(56) of a finished mount in balsam. 
The same examples measured, while they were wet with alcohol under 
cover-glass, as follows: Joint (1) 40, (2) 60, (3) 44, (4) 44, (5) 44, (6) 44, 
(7) 104. Formula 72(3456)1. All the joints have several short hairs, 
excepting joint 7, which has two long hairs at the tip of that joint. 
Antenne 216 p» apart. Eyes large, oval. 

Hab.—Austin, Texas, in nests of Camponotus maculatus, var. 
sansabeanus, Buckley. Collected and sent to me for study by Prof. 
William M. Wheeler, of the University of Texas, who says the ants 
remove the coccids to their chambers when the nests are disturbed, 
and that they are very frequently met with. I have given the 
measurements of the several joints of the antennz while wet and 
hardened in alcohol and a finished mount in balsam, for the purpose 
of calling attention to the variability of the antennal joints under each 
process. Owing to our large list of Coccidze now described, it seems 
to the writer that all such changes should be recorded, so as to assist 
in every way possible the identification of the species if found in another 
locality or country. This is the first ant-nest coccid from Texas, and the 
first species of the genus Camponotus found in North America to harbour 
coccids in its nest. 


286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Eriococcus Texanus, n. sp.—The females of this species received from 
Prof. Wheeler were in alcohol, and seemed to be flesh colour; when 
placed in liquid potash, they turn red-brown. ‘‘ When alive, they are of a 
peculiar green colour” (Wheeler). 

?, examined with a hand lens, very much resembling a Dactylopius 
naked, i. e., without ovisac, distinctly segmented, oval, tapering behind, 
plump, 2% mm. long, 134 broad. Boiled in k. O. H., the derm is 
tinged with yellow, with spines of the normal type and confined to sides, 
short, 20 » long, those of the outer margin twice as long; several 
spirte-like long hairs of two sizes are found scattered irregularly over the 
body, 28x60 p long, and some round gland-pits. Antenne, legs and 
mouth-parts light brown. Antenne 6-jointed: Joints (1) 40, (2) 40, (3) 
112, (4) 28, (5) 28, (6) 40 p long. 

Legs long and stout. 

Front leg coxa, 120. Femur and trochanter 200. Tibia 120. Tarsus 132. 
Middle ‘ T2@ eae fA . OTO.2 ic Hi 2o. emai ie 
Hind GSioht Maetey s 220. Sees & To SR SO: 
Claws 6 p» long, stout, curved and thin towards the end. Digitules 
of tarsus filiform, with small knobbed ends. Anal ring normal, with 
8 bristles, which are thin, 100 » long. Posterior tubercles large and 
rounded, about 80 » long and broad, with one long bristle and four stout 
spines 24 p Jong. 


Hab.—San Angelo, Texas, on roots or young shoots in the earthen 
nests of Cremastogaster punctulata, Emery. ‘‘ They were undoubtedly 
being cultivated by the ants” (Wheeler). Collected by Prof. Wheeler, 
March, tg02. Its nearest North American ally is “rdococcus Tinsleyi, 
Ckll., which has in the hind leg a very long tarsus as in &. Zexanus, but 
differs very materially in other respects ; in the antennz a general type of 
E. Palmeyi, Ckll., but in Zexanus joint 3 1s very much longer than in 
Palmert. 

This is the first species of the genus Zrzococcus known to inhabit ants’ 
nests. The absence of an ovisac in this species is no doubt due to the 
habit of the ants lapping the bodies of the coccids, and thus preventing a 
sac from forming. Ina recent letter from Prof. Cockerell, he says: ‘‘If 
this really has no ovisac, even when producing eggs, it is not an 
Eriococcus, but a Rhizococcus. Such forms occur in Australia, and 
Signoret recorded one from Europe. Azzococcus is to Ertococcus as 
Calymnatus is to Pulvinaria.” 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287 





GEASS FIC A BION. OF DEED FOSSORIAL,” PRE DA@r@ Sa AN 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

(Paper No. 10.—Continued from p. 273.) 

SUBFAMILY IJ.—Embolemine. 


The globose or rounded head, which is never flat, oblong, and the 
difference in the antennz, the antennz in males being to-jointed, in the 
females 13-jointed, readily separate the subfamily from the Bethyline. 
The group comes quite close to the Dryinine, but in the latter the head is 
transverse or subquadrate, never rounded, while the antenne are 1o- 
jointed in both sexes 

The genus QO/ixon, Cameron, originally described as a Braconid, 
belongs here, without much doubt, I think, judging from the description 
and the figure. Cameron says: “I am unable to point out the natural 
position of this curious genus. ‘The elongated fore legs give it a look of a 
Bethylid, to which, indeed, it bears a general resemblance, ; but I feel 
inclined to regard it as a true Braconid.” _I have not seen a specimen of 
this genus, but Mr. Cameron’s figure and description clearly show that it 
belongs here ; the thickened fore femora are characteristic of the group. 


Table of Genera. 


Weviles.. antec KO-jOMtEG «1... 5%s Says eo ain lene ene eee ene ae 
Females : antennz 13-jointed. 

Wingless or ees forms... wovad) S naan Soleo care 

Winged forms. ee meh oe eae Salty Scie? eet 

2. Scape much shorter tian the first youn de the dacelien ; form elongate; 

head long, oval, wider than the transverse pronotum ; ocelli wanting; 

eyes prominent, placed high up on the sides of the head and 

extending forward to hardly half the length of the head ; antennz 

long, slender, inserted anteriorly 4e/ow a line drawn from the base of 

the eyes ; first joint of flagellum the longest...(1) Olixon, Cameron, 

(Type O. testaceus, Cam.) 


to 
. 


Scape much longer than the first joint of the flagellum; form less 
elongate ; head rounded, with a frontal tubercle ; ocelli very minute 
or wanting ; eyes rounded, not prominent. .(2) Pedinomma, Forster. 

(Type Myrmecomorpha rufescens, Westw.) 


ho 
co 
ea) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





3. Eyes arched; ocelli large; scape shorter than the first. joint of the 
Hagellum +. ini ee ees oe Nee. - (3) Embolemup, Westwood: 
(Type E. Ruddii, Westw.) 
4. Pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, wéthout a median sulcus ; 
scape much shorter than the first joint of the flagellum; stigma in 

the front wings three or more times longer than 
thicks aa. Cen Sey scotia: oe epee) em bolemusaiWestwoome 
Pronotum as long as the mesonotum, wztH a deep median sulcus ; 
scape much longer than the first joint of the flagellum ; stigma in 

front wings not twice as long as 

thicks . 20. «45.4 + seule os 4 (4) Ampulicomorpha; Ashmead: 
(Type A. confusa, Ashm.) 


SUBFAMILY II1.—Dryinine. 


This natural group is easily recognized by the antennz, which are 
10-jointed in both sexes, and by the shape of the head, which is quite 
different in shape from that in the Lethy/ine and the Embolemine. 

The species in their habits and development also differ from the 
others, all of them being parasitic upon the nymphs of various Rhynchota, 
belonging to the suborder Homoptera, the families Fulgoridz, Cercopide, 
Membracide and Jassidz being especially subject to their attacks. 


Table of Genera. 


MOVE AICS ccs 5 Rein oTsig a vik net S aeeeena sy Soaps etanee drives sa ne elcalia tie eae eRe 
Females. 

Vertex (CONVEX, 07 TiMpPTESséd ~'5 4) ck > «cain pees eel oye) ee 

Vertex deeply impressed or concave ; anterior feet chelate.. ..2. 

2. Wingless, wéthout a scutellum........ ......(1) Gonatopus, Ljungh. 

(Type G. pedestris, Ljungh.) 

Wineed.. witha scuteltnt. .= 2 Skee a se. ieee. (2) Dryinus, Latreille. 

aes D. formicarius, Latr.) 

3. Front wings with an oval or ovate stigma......... Bes ods 


Front wings with a narrow or lanceolate stigma ; wane feet pees 
Pronotum not quite as long as the mesonotum, much contracted ; 
fourth joint of front tarsi not much longer than the third, the 
first twice as long as the three following united; maxillary 
palpi 4sjointed 52 i. v7. ealo) . Seles we 3) OCChUs, Ashmead: 
(Type B. flavicollis, Ashm.) 
4. Front tarsi not chelate. . 6 
Brotitt tarei-cheiate st GW LAAs aa wy eects: wo, Re okie hen ne RoR ieee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 





5. Pronotum almost as long as the mesonotum ; fourth joint of front tarsi 
much longer than the third, the first #o¢ or scarcely longer than the 
three following united ; maxillary palpi 5- 


JOIMtED oe Meio as oe. cee sce ees, (5) Chelogymussiiaiday. 

(Type C. fuscicornis, Hal.) 

Prohotum much shorter than the mesonotum; fourth joint of front 

tarsi scarcely longer than the third, the first sof longer than 
the three following united ; maxillary palpi 4- 

jointed. 2.00.2) kee UA ooo is Sebel a) Amteony juries 

(Type A. jurineanus, Latr.) 

6. Pronotum much longer than the mesonotum, the latter zwzthout a trace 

of furrows ; head large, broad..........(7) Mystrophorus, Forster. 

(Type M. formiczeformis, Ruthe.) 

Pronotum not or only slightly visible from above; mesonotum well 

developed wéth furrows.................(8) Aphelopus, Dalman. 

(Type A. melaleucus, Dalm.) 


7. Hrone wines: With an oval Op Ovate stigma. 220 2.....-..+<, aavueys See 
Front wings with a narrow or lanceolate stigma. 
Occiput deeply concave ; vertex and neck separated by a sharp 
angle ; mesonotum usually with distinct furrows; front wings 
with a discoidal cell; maxillary palpi 4- 
JOINted Fam. = ao eee «et LE) Ona topnsysle tm on 
= Labeo, Haliday. 
Occiput not deeply concave, straight and broad; front wings 
without a discoidal cell; maxillary palpi 5- 
JOMMbeGa spe Teas = on. . chia (A Ee DOR DAS gens Ulam 
(Type P. laticeps, Ashm. 


8. Pronotum always much shorter than the mesonotum, sometimes hardly 
wisible'fromiabovent.. so... wide; ”aaemmeneh my cpanel ero atten nae 
Pronotum much longer than the mesonotum. 
Mesonotum zw/¢h furrows ; maxillary palpi 5- 
(OME Cem ee ome as. .....-(5) Chelogynus, Haliday. 
Mesonotum without furrows ; maxillary palpi 4- 
JOURECC oy <b> eer - .. +2. +(7) Mystrophorus, Forster 


g. Pronotum distinct ; mesonotum with or without a trace of the furrows ; 
maxillary palpi 4-jointed..........., -..-+.+-(6) Anteon, Jurine. 


290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Pronotum not or scarcely visible from above, more or less hidden by 
the front margin of the mesonotum, which is strongly developed, the 
furrows on the latter distinct ; maxillary palpi 5- 

JOInteG SA ae Bie ene en, ent ies ot. 8) Apnelopus salman 


FaMILy XXXIII.—Trigonalide. 


This family, on account of its anomalous character, is one of the 
most interesting in the superfamily Vespoidea. The species are 
extremely rare, although widely distributed, and only four genera are 
known. 

The family is usually associated with the Evaniide and the 
Ichneumonide, in my opinion an unnatural positien for it. 

Prof. Westwood, however, evidently had a true appreciation of the 
affinities of his genus Zy/gonalys, the type of the family, for when he 
described it, in 1835, he observes: ‘‘ Genus anomalum familie dubie 
caput et antenne Lyde, abdomen Mutille. Alarum nervi ut in Myrmosa 
dispositt.” Again, five years later, in his Introduction Mod. Classif. 
Insects, Vol. II., p. 215, he wrote: ‘‘I may here mention another 
anomalous genus, which I have described under the name Trigonalys, 
having somewhat of the aspect of a male Mutilla, but with the head 
flattened and the antenne longer, very slender at the tips, and composed 
of 23 or 24 joints, very like those of Lyda; the legs are simple and the 
abdomen punctured. The veins of the wings are nearly as in Myrmosa 
and Mutilla Europzea male.” 


The responsibility for the removal of Trigonalys to the Terebrant 
Hymenoptera appears to be due to Shuckard, an able British Hymenop- 
terologist, who, in 1851, deceived by the anomalous character of the 
antennz and the two-jointed trochanters, incorrectly associated it with 
Aulacus, Jurine, into a family to which he gave the name Awdacide, 
placing the family next to the Evantide. 

Mr. Cresson, in his Synopsis of the North American Hymenoptera, 
published in 1888, properly established the family Trigonalide, but has 
incorrectly placed it between the families Evaniide and Ichneumonide. 

The Trigonalide, in my opinion, have nothing to do with the 
Evaniide or the Ichneumonide; they are far removed and widely separated 
by many salient characters, and represent a natural group in the superfamily 
Vespoidea. Their affinities, to me, seem to be clearly with the Bethylide, 


EEE EE 


~- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 





Sapygide, Myrmosidz and Mutillide ; they also agree with the three last- 
mentioned families in habits, since species of Trigonalys have been bred 
from the nests of wasps ( Vespa and Fodistes). It is probable also that, 
like the Mutillide, they will be found to live parasitically in the nests of 


some of the bees. 


Table of Genera. 
1. Second cubital cell triangular or petiolate, the first recurrent nervure 
not interstitial, joining the cubitus before the first transverse cubitus; 
anterior margin of clypeus truncate or slightly rounded, never 


emarginate ; second ventral segment in ¢ normal.............2. 


Second cubital cell not petiolate, the first recurrent nervure interstitial 
with the first transverse cubitus ; second recurrent nervure joining 
the third cubital cell at or a little defore the middle ; anterior margin 
of clypeus more or less emarginate medially ; second ventral 
segment in ¢ produced at apex medially into a tooth or proc- 
CSS iia’ ees wis « oe eat io ett see a) LE yeoraster, Shite cares 

(Type L. pullatus, Shuck.) 


2. Front wings with ¢/ree cubital cells, the marginal cell not attaining the 
BEX Ol Te Wade... ss reel es Mee Gea, <5) eee einer oe 
Front wings with fowr cubital aie ae marginal cell attaining the apex 

of the wing. 


Legs not short, rather slender, not robust, the tarsi slender, the 
basal joint elongate, joints 2-4 much longer than wide; 
antenne more than 16-jointed, tapering off toward 
CiDSieeern Heenkiy ys. was ae. (2) abi gonalys Westwood. 

(Type T. melanoleucus, Westw.) 


Legs short, robust, the tarsi stout, the first joint hardly thrice as 
long as thick ; joints 2-4 transverse ; antenne 16- 
JOIN(eEdige spate. oe ee eee) Nomadina, Westwood: 
(Type N. Smithu, Westw.) 
3. Second cubital cell receiving the second recurrent 
NEnvures i: Oe een ee ae eo) (4) Ligha, Gameraus 
(Type L. balteata, Cam.) 


292, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





THREE NEW SPECIES OF CULEX 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
Culex atropalpus, new species. 

2. Black, the halteres, apices of coxee, and bases and under side of 
femora, except toward the apex, yellowish white ; scales of palpi black, 
occiput covered with broad, appressed whitish scales and with a patch of 
black ones near the middle of each side, the middle of the upper side 
covered with narrow yellowish scales, the upright forked scales yellow ; 
scales of mesonotum golden yellow and with a median vitta of black ones; 
“ scales of abdomen purplish black, and with a narrow fascia of whitish ones 
at the bases of the segments, becoming much broader on the venter ; 
scales of legs black, those at base and on under side of femora, 
except toward the apex, also at extreme apices of femora, both ends 
of tibize and of the tarsal joints, except the last two and apex of the third 
on the front and middle tarsi, white, those on last joint of hind tarsi 
wholly white ; claws of front and middle tarsi toothed, those of the hind 
ones simple ; wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow, 
first submarginal cell slightly over twice as long as its petiole. 

¢. Colouring as in the female, except that the short joints of 
the antennez are ringed with white; palpi two-thirds as long as the 
proboscis, slender, the apex blunt, last two joints less than half as long as 
the remaining portion, and bearing a few rather short hairs; claspers 
of nearly an equal thickness, evenly coveied with hairs, and with a long, 
slender, curved claw at apex of each; fourth joint of front and middle 
tarsi as broad as long ; larger claw of front and middle tarsi one-toothed, 
the smaller one and the claws of the hind tarsi simple. 

Length, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Thirty-seven females and three males. 
Type No. 6558, U. S. National Museum. 

Habitat.—Richmond, Va. (Sept. 26: E. G. Williams); Plummer’s 
Isd., Montgomery Co., Md. (May 18 to Aug. 14: R. P. Currie and H. S. 
Barber); Shenk’s Ferry, Pa. (Oct. 21: S. E. Weber), and White Mts., N. 
H. (H. K. Morrison). 

Near Canadensis, but readily distinguished by the colour of the scales 
on the palpi and mesonotum. 

Culex varipalpus, new species. 

Q. Same as atropalpus, with these exceptions: Scales on apices 

of palpi and a ring near the middle, white ; occiput with two patches of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293 





black ones on each side, the upright forked ones black and whitish ; first 
submarginal cell noticeably less than twice as long as its petiole. 

Length, 3 mm. A female specimen collected July 29 by Mr. H.S. 
Barber. Type No. 6559, U.S. N. M. 

Habitat.—Williams, Arizona. 

Culex quadrivittatus, new species. 

9. Differs from atropalpus as follows: Scales at apices of palpi 
and several on the upper side white, scales of occiput yellowish and with 
four patches of black ones; scales of mesonotum black and with four 
vitte, and lateral margin of golden yellow ones ; abdomen black scaled, 
each segment with a lateral patch of white ones extending nearly to the 
middle of the venter; scales of legs at apices of tibiz and of joints 
of tarsi black, on the last two joints of the hind tarsi wholly black, tarsal 
claws simple. 

Length, 4.5 mm. Eight females received, June 13, by Dr. L. O. 
Howard from Prof. Gustav Eisen, of San Francisco, Cal. Type No. 
6560, U.S. N. M. 

Habitat.—Chacula, Guatemala (6,600 feet altitude). 





A NEW MYODITES (RHIPIPHORIDA®‘). 
BY W. DWIGHT PIERCE, LINCOLN, NEBR. 

The specimens on which this description is based are in the 
collections of the University of Nebraska and of the author. I owe 
especial acknowledgments to Mr. J. C. Crawford, Jr., for specimens and 
field observations, and to Professor Bruner for directing my work. A 
sixteen-power glass was used in determining characters. 

Myodites solidaginis, n. sp.—Female: Length, 7.9 mm. Head 
depressed, finely and evenly punctate, clad with dense yellowish-white, 
perpendicular pubescence. ; antennz pectinate, ten-jointed, pubescent, 
very finely punctate, third joint with base of tooth yellowish; vertex 
between antenne elevated; mandibles with the exterior side finely 
punctate, densely pubescent, grooved, in front and on interior sides 
shining glabrous. Thorax densely punctate, with median groove, but 
becoming mesially carinate behind the centre, clad with dense, upright, 
yellowish-white pubescence. Scutellum very finely and densely punctate, 
pubescent ; postscutellum shining glabrous ; metathorax bilobed, densely 
pubescent, punctate ; first dorsal segment of abdomen glabrous, remaining 
dorsal segments punctate, pubescent; thorax and abdomen below, 
pygidium. and legs punctate, pubescent; elytra irregularly punctate, 


294. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








slightly pubescent ; posterior tarsi with first joint large, elevated, obliquely 
truncate and emarginate at tip, more than twice as long as. second 
and much thicker, second joint longer than the third ; claws pectinate ; 
anterior and median tibiz with the first joint longer than the three 
following joints. 

Colour: Antenne with the exceptions above mentioned, head, 
thorax, pygidium, genital sheath, femora, first ventral segment, transverse 
band on the first dorsal and lateral segments, two spots on second 
ventral, and median spots on the last four dorsal segments, black ; 
abdomen, with the above exceptions, red; elytra honey-yellow ; wings 
transparent honey-yellow, with a large fuscous cloud on the costal margin 
toward apex; tarsi and tibiz varying from black to yellow. The ? 
abdomen varies from red to brownish. 

Male: Length, 7-9 mm. Similar to the female, with the following 
exceptions: Antenne double flabellate, 11-jointed, finely punctate 
throughout, pale yellow, tipped with dark ; abdomen dark, with joints 
of first three dorsal segments yellowish, membraneous. Legs yellow, with 
black spot at junction of femora and tibie. 

This species differs from Pofenoz, semiflavus and scaber by having 
the abdomen red in the 2 and black in the ¢. From the first two 
it differs by having the prothorax black, punctate, densely pubescent, 
vertex pubescent ; from ofenoz by having the first joint of posterior tarsi 
more than one-half longer than second ; from scader by having the first 
joint much thicker than the second. 

A large series of females was caught by the author on August 24, 25, 
26, rg01, and by Mr. Cary:on August 26, on flowers of Solidago 
Missouriensis, rigida and Canadensis, at Lincoln, Nebr. A large number 
were also taken August 21, 1902, and during the following week. These 
were, as a general rule, ovipositing in the buds of Solidago rigida, while a 
few were on the flowers of Solidago Missouriensis. The distribution was 
limited to the regions near the salt basins. 

A large swarm of males was caught flying in the region of colony of 
Epinomia triangulifera, Vachal, Perdita albipennis, and certain species 
of Andrena and /Vomada, on August 25, 1901, by Mr. Crawford, on the 
salt basins at Lincoln. Two males were caught on Solidago by the 
author ; also two pairs on August 26 and 27, Igol. 

A 4, taken from the Pine Ridge, in Northwestern Nebraska, 
during July, has the antenne orange coloured, the clouding of the elytra 
fulvous, and is slightly smaller. This may be a different species. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295 





TWO NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 

Peridroma canities, n. sp.— Form and markings of the Texan 
P. annexa, but of a different, dusty gray, colour and a little shorter 
winged. Primaries dusty gray, with a slight dusky shading along costa, 
against which the pale dots, marking inception of transverse lines, are 
relieved. T. p. line tolerably distinct, indentate interspaceally, with 
included pale shade. Veins marked with fuscous. T. a. line double, 
with a strong outward inflection above internal margin. Claviform blunt, 
filled in with fuscous. Orbicular with central dot. Reniform moderate, 
filled in with fuscous. Cell slightly darker shaded. Markings incon- 
spicuous, concolorous. Hind wings ( 2) white. 

Received with P. masstum, Guen., from G. Schimpf, Buenos Ayres. 
I am indebted to Sir George Hampson for determinations. The present 
species is unnamed in the British Museum. ‘The thoracic markings are 
faint ; collar dusky, abdomen paler, with faint dorsal shade. According 
to Tutt, saucia is the type of Peridroma, Hb. (see Grote, List, etc., 20). 


Loxostege triumphalis, n. sp.—Apparently allied to annaphilalis, 
Grote, but a smaller insect (20 mm.), and without the brown spot on 
primaries and the black line on the orange hind wings (see Can. ENT., 
XIII., 34). The species has the same false air of an Annaphila, owing to 
the colours. Fore wings blackish, with a sprinkling of bone-coloured or 
white scales, somewhat lustrous. Reniform a black cloud. Transverse 
lines obsolete. A discontinuous series of black antemarginal dots. 
Fringes blackish, intermixed with whitish scales. Hind wings pure dull 
orange, with neatly defined blackish fringes, and a blackish shading at 
base ; beneath both wings orange like hind wings above ; a black mark on 
fore wings in place of reniform. Costa of primaries marked with black 
before apices, which latter show a blackish shading. Body above and 
appendages black or blackish like primaries, the abdominal segments 
vaguely defined by scattered pale scales; beneath, with under side 
of palpi, orbits of the eyes, legs, more or less white or whitish. The 
clypeal prominence is feeble. 

Two male specimens of Z. triumphalis were sent me from San Luis 
Obispo, California, by Mr. Geo. Franck. So far as the literature is 
accessible to me, I find no description of the species. One specimen 
is unset. 


296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 





The thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Society was held in London 
on the 29th and 3oth of October. A business meeting of the Council was 
held during the first morning. In the afternoon a conference on the pea 
weevil in Ontario took place. Dr. Fletcher gave an account of the spread 
of this insect and the injury and loss it had caused ; the pea crop of this 
Province he considered to be one of the most valuable products of the 
country, and yet it was rapidly being reduced by the weevil to such 
an extent that no less than seventy thousand acres had been withdrawn 
from this crop during the last ten years, involving an annual loss to the 
community of about five millions of dollars. The policy of abandoning 
its cultivation for two or three years was advocated in some quarters, but 
this he believed to be entirely unnecessary, as there was a cheap, easy and 
effective remedy available. If the pea-growers would harvest and thresh 
their crop at as early a date as possible, and then fumigate the stored peas 
with bisulphide of carbon, there would be no difficulty in getting rid of the 
pest. The important point is how to prevail upon the farmers to adopt 
this method of controlling the insect. In the discussion which followed, 
and which was participated in by Prof. Lochhead, Mr. Fisher, Dr. Bethune, 
Mr. Pearce, and Prof. James, it was suggested that the Superintendent of 
the Farmers’ Institutes of Ontario should have the matter brought before 
all the meetings during the coming winter, that information regarding the 
insect and the remedial measures to be employed should be disseminated as 
widely as possible, and that the Government of Ontario should be 
requested to send a competent staff of men to the rural sections of the 
country, whose duty it should be to show the farmers practically how these 
remedies can most easily and successfully be carried out. Resolutions in 
accordance with these suggestions were unanimously adopted. 


Mr. George Fisher, the Provincial Inspector of Scale insects, gave a 
report upon the insects of the year in the Niagara and Hamilton districts, 
and referred especially to the San José scale. He gavea detailed descrip- 
tion of the methods employed in treating fruit trees with the lime and 
sulphur wash, which he has now proved to be a thoroughly effective 
remedy for the scale. Dr. Fletcher stated that he had just returned from 
visiting the scene of Mr. Fisher’s operations, and could bear the highest 
testimony to their complete success. At the close of the discussion, 
which included the chemical composition of the wash as well as the mode 
of preparing and applying it, a resolution was adopted congratulating the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297 





Minister of Agriculture for Ontario and his assistants on the excellent 
results which had been achieved by their efforts, and the important discov- 
ery of a practicable and effective remedy for this most destructive insect. 


In the evening a public meeting was held at the Normal School, at 
which Prof. James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Ontario, presided. 
The Rev. Dr. Fyles read his presidential address on “ Insect Life,” illus- 
trated by a series of beautiful coloured diagrams which he had _ himself 
prepared. Prof. Lochhead followed with a lecture on “Some noted 
Butterfly-hunters and some common Butterflies,” which he illustrated with 
a large series of lantern pictures. 


On Thursday, Oct. 30th, the reports of the Council, Directors, 
Officers, Branches and Sections were read, and also a number of valuable 
and interesting papers ; these will all be published in full in the Annual 
Report to the Legislature. Many rare and interesting specimens were 
exhibited, and a considerable numher were kindly presented to the 
Society’s collections. The election of officers resulted as follows : 


President — Professor William Lochhead, Ontario Agricultural 
College, Guelph. 

Vice-President—J. D. Evans, C. E., Trenton. 

Secretary—W. I. Saunders, London. 

Treasurer—J. H. Bowman, London. 

Directors: Division No. 1—C. H. Young, Hurdman’s Bridge. 

Division No. 2—C. E. Grant, Oriilia. 

Division No. 3—E. M. Walker, Toronto. 
Division No. 4—G. E. Fisher, Freeman. 
Division No. 5—J. A. Balkwill, London. 

Directors Ex-officio (ex-Presidents of the Society)—Professor Wm. 
Saunders, L.0:.D:, P:R:S.C., F.L.S:, Director of the Experimental’ Farms, 
Ottawa; Rev..C. Jas. Bethune, M.A., D'C.L., F.R:S.C., London ; James 
Fletcher, LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S., Entomologist and Botanist of the 
Experimental Farms, Ottawa; W. H. Harrington, F.R.S.C., Ottawa ; 
John Dearness, Normal School, London; Henry H. Lyman, M.A.,, 
ER.G:S.,-F:E:S.. Montreal; Rev. T. W. Fyles, DiG.L., E.L.S:, South 
(Quebec. 

Librarian and Curator—J. Alston Moffat, London. 

Auditors— W. H. Hamilton and S. B. McCready, London. 

Editor of the Canadian Entomologist—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London. 

Editing Committee—Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal; 


298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








J. D. Evans, Trenton ; W. H. Harrington, Ottawa ; Professor Lochhead, 
Guelph. 

Delegate to the Royal Society—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London. 

Delegates to the Western Fair—J. A. Balkwill and W. E. Saunders, 
London. 

Committee on Field Days—The Chairmen of the Sections and Dr. 
Woolverton, Messrs. Balkwill, Bowman, Law, Moffat, Rennie, and Saun- 
ders, London. 

Library and Rooms Committee—Messrs. Balkwill, Bethune, Bow- 
man, Dearness, Moffat, and Saunders, London. 





REMARKS ON THE THIRD VOLUME OF TUTT’S BRITISH 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The third volume of Mr. J. W. Tutt’s “A Natural History of 
the British Lepidoptera,” etc., is marked by the same care and fullness of 
detail as the previous volumes. The detail with which the subject is 
treated appears in the fact that this volume of 540 pages treats of but 14 
species of moths. It is a veritable storehouse of information. 

Mr. Tutt has quoted my views on the larval characters in several 
places, and has raised certain questions in this connection on which I 
wish to remark. 

For some unexplained reason, Mr. Tutt refuses to accept the 
homology of the primary seta of the Sphingide as being the same as that 
of other Lepidoptera (pages 233 note, 359, 364 note, 365, 367 and 490). 
He states that tubercle v is absent, and there is an additional tubercle 
before the spiracle, which is not v moved up, but something new. 
I cannot imagine any reason sufficient to account for such a radical 
supposition. How remarkable such a structure would be Mr. Tutt 
himself does not seem to appreciate. If it were so, it would almost 
remove the Sphingide from the Lepidoptera; for if there is one 
thing constant in Lepidopterous larvie, it is the five upper primary sete, 
which are absolutely uniform, not only in the Lepidoptera, but in other 
allied lower forms, such as the Mecoptera. ‘The number of these sete 
may be increased by the addition of secondary ones, and they may 
be obscured by specializations, but a subtraction from their number may 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299 





not occur. In the more generalized larvee, tubercles iv and v occur side 
by side, in line, neither one higher than the other. In certain Tineids 
this position begins to fluctuate, in some iv being a little higher than v, in 
others v a little higher than iv. In the Bombycid phylum (culminating in 
Noctuide and Arcttide), the tendency of iv to be elevated is emphasized, 
and it rises as high as the top of the spiracle, or even a little above it, on 
certain segments of some Noctuidz, while v remains in its original 
subventral position. Mr. Tutt accepts this interpretation, and does 
not feel called upon to invent hypothetical sete to account for the change 
in position of tubercle iv. Now, in the Sphingidee the tendency of v to be 
elevated is emphasized, while iv remains in the original subventral 
position. The dorsad movement of v in the Sphingidz is not greater, 
not so great, in fact, as that of iv in the Bombycid phylum, yet here 
Mr. Tutt finds a difficulty, and wishes to regard v as absent and 
represented by a new seta. This seems to me a gratuitous assumption, 
intrinsically improbable, and contradicted by the very palpable homology 
of the primary Lepidopterous sete. Mr. Tutt would homologize ‘the 
so-called” tubercle v of the Sphingide (page 367) with ‘‘the prespiracular 
wart of the Lachneids.” ‘This wart is secondary, as shown by my figure 
of Tolype (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXVII., 144, 1896) and Mala- 
cosoma (Psyche, VII., 259, 1895), but it is accompanied by other 
secondary structures, while the primary tubercles are all accounted for. 
He can hardly really mean this, as he does not draw the obvious 
inference of a close relation between the Sphingide and Lachneide. 


Mr. Tutt’s references to the Lachneid tubercles are far from clear. 
He says that in Pachygastria trifolii (p. 23), ‘iv and v form a 
subspiracular, many-haired wart,” and of Lastocampa quercus (p. 60), 
“iv+v almost postspiracular.” This would imply a union of tubercle 
iv and v, which I have never observed in the Lasiocampid phylum. 
These tubercles remain separate, but become reduced, while the large 
lappet is formed from tubercle vi. It is unfortunate that Mr. Tutt 
did not bring out clearly the complicated but pretty homology of 
the Lachneid warts. Figures would have been useful here. 


Finally, a word on the relationship of Dimorpha ( Endromis) and 
Chelepteryx (p. 230). My own view is that these forms are nearly 
related, though I have not the material to prove the point. It is 
true that the mature larve look very unlike, one being a smooth Sphinx, 
the other a big, hairy Lasiocampid. But these characters are only 


300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





special adaptations. In the first stage, Démorfha has many-haired warts, 
as shown by my figure in Grote’s “ Die Saturniiden.” I have re-examined 
the material, and have no correction to make to the figure. Tubercle vi 
is clearly absent, while i to v are converted into warts, ii smaller than 1, iv 
and v nearly in line, iv only a little dorsad. On the thorax there are two 
warts above the stigmatal wart. I do not find tubercle iib; if present, it 
must be a small rudiment (the larve are very difficult to examine from 
their opaque black colour). The arrangement suggests the Lachneid 
phylum, though the subprimary tubercles are strangely absent, but it does 
not suggest the Lachneidz nor Liparide proper, on account of the 
presence of but two upper warts on the thorax. It is, however, nearly 
paralleled by the first stage of Bombyx mort, in which the lower of the 
three thoracic warts (1ib) is reduced to a single small hair; but here the 
subprimary tubercles are present. Aombyx also resembles Dimorpha in 
the loss of the tubercles after the first stage and the development of a 
“caudal horn.” Without specimens of Chelepteryx larva, and especia!ly 
of stage I, it is difficult to get far in comparison with Dimorpha. Scott’s 
figure shows a big Lachneid-like larva, with proportionately small, many- 
haired warts. Wart ii appears absent, corresponding with its extreme 
reduction in Dimorpha, but thére are two subdorsal warts in line on the 
thorax, as in the Lachneid phylum, while warts i on joint 12 are separate. 
The lateral warts are not shown in the figure, but according to the 
description there is only one wart to represent iv and v, while vi is 
present. Someone in Australia ought to give us a full account of 
Chelepteryx. 

Mr. Tutt (p. 272 note) queries what I intended by the primitive first 
stage in Ag/ia, stating that it seems specialized to him. Further on 
(p. 286 note) he says: “We do not agree that Ag/za has a primitive 
first stage.” By the primitive first stage I mean that condition in which 
only the primary sete are present, unmodified, not converted into warts, 
and without the addition of any secondary sete. This condition obtains 
in Ag/ia, therefore it has a primitive first stage. I do not consider in this 
definition other specializations of the larva, the hypertrophy of the 
tubercles, etc. They may be present or not. If present, they naturally 
constitute a specialization, as Mr. Tutt remarks, but I have not regard to 
these in this connection. 


On page 364, Mr. Tutt states that I consider the Sphingids, 
Notodonts and Lachneids related on larval characters, and he designates 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. o01 





this as an ‘impossible combination.” In this designation he is perfectly 
right; but I never held the view attributed to me. I pointed out an 
analogy in the development of a process on the eighth abdominal 
segment in the larvee of these families, but I never intended to imply 
any homology between them, and I do not think that my article, referred 
to by Mr. Tutt, reads in this way. 


THE “HYMEENOPTEROUS. PARASITES OF  PHENACOCCUS 
CAVALLIZE, CKLL. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


About the first of October, Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell sent me for 
names several parasites bred by him from a Coccid, | Phenacoccus cavallia, 
Ckll., collected at Roswell, New Mexico. In the lot were four distinct 
species of Chalcids, two being new, but one of these is a hyperparasite, 
as follows: (1) Blepyrus phenacocei, sp. nov.; (2) Chetloneurus dactylopiz, 
How.; (3) Siguiphora dactylopii, Ashm.; and (4) Zetrastichus blepyri, sp. 
nov. The new species are described below : 

Blepyrus phenacocct, sp. n.— Q. Length, 1.3 to 1.4 mm. Stature 
and general appearance similar to B. mexicanus, How. Aeneous black, 
the thimble-like punctuation of the head more or less metallic greenish ; 
antenne, except the pedicel and the club, all tarsi, and the extreme tips of 
middle and hind tibiz, honey-yellow; the pedicel is obconical, about 
thrice as long as thick at apex, brown-black ; the funicle is 6-jointed, the 
joints transverse, gradually widening to the club, the latter being large, 
stout and black. Wings hyaline, the tegulze black, the veins dark brown, 
the marginal vein very short, hardly twice as long as thick, the post- 
marginal and stigmal veins long, about equal. 

¢. Length,1 mm. Agrees well with the female, except in colour 
and structure of the antenne: the antenne are wholly black, except the 
scape narrowly at the extreme apex and beneath towards apex, the pedicel 
being much shorter, only a little longer than thick, while the flagellum is 
filiform, clothed with a short pubescence, the joints longer than thick. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6604, U.S. N. M. 

Hab.—New Mexico: Roswell. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Phenacoceus cavallie, Ckll. 


302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Tetrastichus blepyri, sp. nov.— @. Length, o.8 mm. Black, shining, 
impunctate, except some punctures in the parapsidal furrows; in one 
specimen the mesonotum is blue-black ; the middle grooved line on the 
mesonotum is nearly obsolete, wanting posteriorly ; metanotum smooth, 
with a median carina; the scape, the extreme apex of the pedicel, the 
tegule, the apices of the femora, and all tibiz and tarsi, are yellowish 
white. Wings hyaline, the veins light brown. The abdomen is ovate, 
depressed, and very little louges: than the head and thorax united. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6605, U.S. N. M. 

Hab.—New Mexico: Roswell. 

Host.—Hym.: Slepyrus phenacocci. 


XANTHOENCYRTUS, gen. nov. 


This new genus, on account of the very short marginal vein and the 
arrangement of the ocelli, comes near to Psy//ephagus, Ashm. The two 
genera may, however, be separated as follows: 

Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin. 
Yellow ; pedicel more than twice as long as the first funicle joint ; all 
funicle joints wider than long ; club rather large, 
stout . Pet bos cbrhloenes sem QeMENOCNCY EUS; Cen. NOV: 
Aeneous ‘black or aucieabive’ peaien! not twice as long as the first 
funicle joint; not all the funicle joints wider than long; club 
neither so large nor so stout.......... ....Psyllephagus, Ashm. 


Xanthoencyrtus nigroclavatus, sp.n.—Q. Length, 16mm. Yellow; 
the legs and the sutures of the abdomen yellowish white ; eyes and club 
of antenne brown-black ; scape above more or less, the pedicel basally 
and the first four joints of the funicle light brownish, the tip of the pedicel] 
and the fifth and sixth funicle joints yellowish white. Wings hyaline, 
finely pubescent, but with an oblique hairless line from the marginal vein; 
the marginal and postmarginal veins are punctiform, while the stigmal 
vein is moderately long, with a slight upward curve. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6606, U.S. N. M. 

Hab.—Indiana ; Princeton (Prof. F. M. Webster). 





Mailed November r1th, 1902. 


' 


i an 3 
he wanadiay dsutomolagist. 





VoL. XXXIV. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1rg02. Noi a2 











SOME NEW BYTHOSCOPIDA) FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA 
AND SEE SOUL EW isi. 
BY E. D. BALL, UTAH AGR. COLLEGE, LOGAN, UTAH. 

Every collection of western Bythoscopide that the author has 
examined has had a more or less heterogeneous assemblage of forms 
closely resembling /diocerus alternatus. These have been somewhat 
indiscriminately divided between a/ternatus, ramentosus and several 
MS. names of Uhler’s in classification, or not determined at all. At 
the time of publication of the key to this genus,* the material at hand 
was not sufficient to warrant the descriptions of these forms, and they 
were omitted. Since then the author has paid special attention to the 
collecting of this group in Colorado, and has received a long series 
of specimens from the Pacific Coast, mainly from the collection of Mr. C. 
Livingstone. With this material it has been possible to accurately define 
a number of these species and clear up much of the obscurity in this 
section of the genus. During the progress of this study several other 
new species and varieties have been described, and are also presented 
here. 

Macropsts bisignata, n. sp. 

Size and form of aficadis nearly, slightly more elongate, slightly 
resembling wse//a, but differently marked. Bright green, the inner half 
of clavus, the apical cells and all of the membrane testaceous brown. 
Length: “25 5 mm; ¢,4mm. Width, 2 mm. 

Head much narrower than posterior angles of pronotum ; vertex 
longer than in aficalis, and very slightly angled in front. Face as in 
apicalis, but the front much more inflated; elytra long and rather 
narrow, heavily clothed with stiff black hairs ; Female segment over half 
longer than the penultimate, the posterior margin rounding, with a small 








*Dav. Acad. Nat, Sci, Proc., Vol. VII. p. 124, 1899. 


504 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





rounding median notch ; whole segment often elevated so as to give it the 
appearance of being angularly emarginate from the lateral angles. Male 
valve nearly twice as long as the ultimate segment, posterior margin 
rounding, disc convex or slightly angularly elevated. 

Colour: deep green, the inner two-thirds of clavus from the pronotum 
back to the middle, where it is abruptly truncate, the membrane and 
apical cells reddish brown, elytral hairs black. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Holly, Trinidad, Pueblo, 
Palmer Lake and Fort Collins, Colo. 


Pediopsis trivialis, n. sp. 

Resembling viridis, but larger, as large as erythrocephadla, but with 
longer, narrower elytra than in either species. Light green, the male but 
little darker. Length: 9,6mm.; ¢,5 mm. Width, 1.5 mm. 

Vertex very nearly right angled, slightly more acute than in 
erythrocephala, much more than in vzrzd7s; pronotum rather narrow, the 
ruge fine and distinct ; elytra long and narrow, with long apical cells. 

Colour: female entirely light green, no mark on propleura; male 
light green, the tips of the elytra often slightly embrowned, the tip of the 
rostrum an oval spot on the propleura, the apices of the anterior tibize 
and the apical segments of all the tarsi black. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Fort Collins, Lamar and 
Rocky Ford, Colo. In the key this species would follow exythrocephala, 
to which it is allied in size and shape of vertex. The absence of colour 
markings in either sex and the unmarked propleura of the female will at 
once distinguish it, however. The larger size and more sharply-angled 
vertex will separate it from all the other green forms. 


— Ldiocerus dolosus, n. sp. 

Form and general appearance of crataeg/, slightly broader and 
darker. Face and pronotum irregularly immaculate with brown. Length, 
5-5-5 mm.; width, 1.8 mm. 

Head as broad as in crataeg?, much broader than in the other deep- 
headed species. Vertex not as much curved as in crataegi, longest 
against the eyes. Face very deep and straight, front full and rounding as 
in Lrovanchert,; clypeus short, constricted in the middle and much 
widened just at the apex ; elytra similar to those of crafaeg?, inclined to be 
more flaring, giving the insect a more robust appearance; venation 
somewhat obscure, three anteapical cells, the outer one short. Female 
segment shorter than in crataegi, the posterior margin broadly rounding, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305 





with a shallow median notch. Male valve transverse, the posterior 
margin but little rounding, slightly longer than the ultimate segment. 

Colour: vertex and face pale yellow, two large angular black 
spots on the vertex, about their own width from the eyes and almost 
touching the hind margin ; rest of surface irregularly macu/ate with large 
brownish fuscous spots, usually a jair between the black spots and 
another pair below them, the lateral sutures of front and clypeus 
from antennz down, including all of apical half of clypeus, except 
a narrow median line, deep black ; pronotum pale, irregularly marked 
with brownish fuscous, omitting a median line expanded in front ; 
scutellum pale, with a pair of black triangles within the lateral angles, 
and a pair of spots on disc; elytra smoky brown, the nervures and 
margins back to the apical cells light. 

Described from twenty-four examples from Ilolores, Colorado 
Springs and Fort Collins, Colo.; all from within the mountains. This 
is a distinct and well-marked species, allied to crafaeg?, but at once 
distinguished by the more complex venation and large number of 
spots, as well as the black ‘“Y¥” of the face. 


Tdiocerus formosus, V. Sp. 

Smaller and narrower than /achrymadvis, resembling the European 
Populi in size and form, but more heavily marked. Length: 92, 6 mm.; 
65525 mm. Width, 1.8 mm 

Vertex long, but little curved ; face almost flat, front broad below, 
but not expanded as much as usual at the antenne ; elytral nervures non- 
tuberculate, outer apical nervure curving away to costa without forming an 
anteapical cell, or, at most, a short triangular one. Female segment short, 
transverse, the middie third produced into a rounded lobe nearly twice as 
long as the rest of the segment ; pygofers moderately long, much inflated, 
exceeded by the ovipositor by about twice its width. Male valve trisinuate; 
antennal discs large, about twice longer than wide. 

Colour: vertex and face pale greenish yellow, a pair of round black 
spots on the vertex and a pair of elongate spots against the eye, both pairs 
of spots connected on their lower margins by a transverse black band ; 
another pair of black spots within and beneath the ocelli, on the front. 
The black band and spots on the front are sometimes absent in the inale. 
Pronotum. grayish or greenish, with irregular fuscous markings on the 
anterior third ; scutellum pale yellow or greenish, usually with the basal 
angles and a pair of round spots on dise fuscous ; elytra varying from 


506 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





tawny to dark brown, usually iridescent, the apices of the claval 
nervures and an irregular oblique band back of the clavus milky white. 
Sometimes there is more or less of milky white between the dark nervures 
on the base of the corium. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Happy Hollow, Ward, 
North Park, Salida and Rico, Colo. The face and pronotal markings 
are similar to dachrymalis, while the elytra, especially in the male, 
are quite different. It should follow that species in the key, from which 
the small size and long antennal discs will readily separate it. 


Ldiocerus concinnus, Ni. sp. 


Size and general appearance of dbrunneus, more highly coloured, 
resembling rufus, but larger, broader, and with antennal discs. Length, 
5-5 mm.; width, 1.75 mm. 

Vertex and face moderately broad, much less inflated than in 
brunneus, margins of gene but slightly rounding ; elytra nearly opaque, 
the venation indistinct ; nervures with setigerous punctures ; outer ante- 
apical cell present, rather long. Female segment almost twice the length 
of the penultimate ; posterior margin slightly rounded, often slightly 
sinuate ; pygofers stout, moderately long, twice longer than in drununeus, 
nearly half longer than in amadzlis, the ovipositor exceeding them by its 
own width. Male valve with a blunt median tooth, distinctly exceeded by 
the strong lateral angles ; antennal plates large, oval. 

Colour: Female pale cinnamon brown, the pronotum darker ; face 
and all below yellow. Male darker, especially along the dorsum of elytra, 
where the dark tergum shows through. Face and below pale yellow, with 
faint stripes beneath the eyes. 

Described from numerous specimens from Vancouver Island, B. C. 
(Livingstone). This has been received as rufus, G. and B., but it is 
quite distinct. Tne discs of the male antennz alone would readily 
distinguish them. It more closely resembles dranneus, from which the 
third anteapical ceil and the distinct genitaiia, as well as the absence 
of spots on vertex, will readily separate it. 


Ldiocerus amabilis, 0. sp. 

Resembling amoenus in form and general appearance, but much 
stouter and more highly coloured. Pale fulvous brown, with light 
markings along the median line, and greenish margins to the elytra, 
Length, 6 mm.; width, 2 mm. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307 








Vertex and face broad and flat; nervures of elytra tuberculate ; 
outer anteapical cell short, the outer nervures often faintly outlined. 
Female segment half longer than penultimate, very slightly produced on 
middle half; pygofers short and very stout, but little exceeded by the 
ovipositor. Male valve transverse, excavated either side of a median 
tooth. Antenne with rather large discs, nearly twice longer than wide, 
and tapering at both ends. 


Colour: vertex and upper part of face, down to ocelli, in female, 
fulvous brown, omitting a median line above, pale creamy below. Male: 
face creamy, washed with fulvous above and usually greenish below, a 
brown stripe beneath each eye and usually one on the front. Pronotum 
fulvous brown, a median stripe and a round spot in the middle of either _ 
side white ; scutellum fulvous, darker near the basal angles, a definite 
spot near the apex, and often a pair of irregular ones on the disc ; elytra 
brownish fulvous, shading to greenish on the costa, the sutural margins 
fuscous, interrupted by a common white spot on the apices of the outer 
claval nervures and an obscure white band just back of clavus, usually 
evident on the first two nervures of corium. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Vancouver Island, B. C. 
(Livingstone), North Park, Home, Gunnison and Salida, Colo. 


L[diocerus femoratus, 0. sp. 

Resembling ad/ternatus, larger and darker; female with a shorter 
ovipositor and a longer segment, male with the middle femora greatly 
inflated, more than five times as large as the anterior ones. Length, 6 
mm ; width, 2 mm. 

Head very broad; vertex distinctly curved, sometimes. slightly 
angled in front; face nearly flat, strongly retreating; venation as in 
alternatus, the outer anteapical cell long and parallel margined. Female 
segment much longer than in ad/ternatus, parallel margined or slightly 
rounding posteriorly, ovipositor exceeding the moderately-long pygofers 
by about twice its width. Male antennz with small oval discs on long 
sete. Intermediate femora in male from five to ten times as large as the 
anterior ones, over half as wide as long. 

Colour: vertex with a pair of rather large round spots, usually 
obscured by a band of irregular fuscous irrorations that extend down 
to the face; lower part of face with a few brown irrorations in female, 
usually traces of four brown stripes in male; pronotum irregularly 
brownish and milky white, with a few black spots on the anterior 


308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


submargin ; scutellum with the basal angles, a median line and two 
discal dots fuscous; elytra smoky subhyaline, the nervures darker, 
interrupted with light; legs light, all the femora and tibie lineate 
with fuscous on the outer (upper) faces. 

Described from twenty-four examples from the mountains west of 
Fort Collins, Ward, Palmer Lake, Marshall Pass and Lizard Head, Colo. 
The larger size and darker face will distinguish the female of this species 
from aéternatus ; the enlarged femora render the male quite distinct in 
the genus. 

Idiocerus ensiger, n. Sp. 

Size and form of a/ternatus nearly, slightly longer, but with a 
remarkably long ovipositor in the female. Colour pale chestnut and 
white. Length, 5.25 mm.; width, 1.8 mm. 

Face moderately convex, retreating from the narrow vertex, front 
short, broad, sharply angulate at antennz ; elytra with a moderately long 
outer anteapical cell. Female segment moderately long, transverse, the 
posterior margin straight ; ovipositor as long as the rest of the body, 
exceeding the long pygofers by more than one-third, sometimes almost 
half, of its length. 

Colour: vertex and face pale chestnut, a pair of small spots on 
vertex and the ocelli dark ; pronotum and scutellum chestnut, the basal 
angles of the latter sometimes dark; elytra subhyaline, with a pale 
cinnamon-brown reflection, a few of the nervures darkened and usually a 
light stripe along the suture, which may be emphasized as a pair of spots or 
continued as a stripe on the pronotum. 

Described from nine females taken at Home and Dutch Georges, 
both mountain places on the Poudre River, Colo. Very few species of 
Idiocerus are sufficiently distinct to be described from one sex alone, 
especially the female, but the remarkable sword-like ovipositor of this 
species would seem to warrant that distinction. 


Ldiocerus musteus, n. sp. 

Form and structure of /emoratus, but smaller. Dull cinereous, 
clouded with pale olive and brown, a pair of spots on the vertex and 
usually a few marks on pronotum and scutellum. Length, 5 mm.; width, 
1.8 mm. 

Face but slightly convex, very deep, margins of gene straight 
or slightly emarginate, not angled ; elytra long, narrow at apex ; nervures 
with setigerous punctures ; outer anteapical cell long and narrow. Female 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309 





segment long, broadly rounding posteriorly ; pygofers moderately long, 
much inflated, the ovipositor exceeding them by about twice its width. 
Male antenne with very slight black-marked enlargements some distance 
from the apex. 

Colour : face pale yellow, a pair of round black spots on vertex, and 
sometimes a cloud of olive brown between them; pronotum olive and 
cinereous, with about six small black spots on the middle half ; scutellum 
pale yellow, with its basal angles and a pair of spots on disc brown or 
black ; elytra pale subhyaline olive brown, the tips of the outer claval 
nervures and sometimes a spot on the inner sector of corium just beyond 
apex of clavus milky white ; legs and below pale. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Vancouver Island, B. C. 
These, together with the specimens of concimnus and amadilis, were part 
of a nice lot of Jassids sent me several years ago by Mr. Livingstone. 


Tdiocerus verrucosus, N. Sp. 

Form and general appearance of d7unneus, but much smaller, with a 
long anteapical cell and simple antennz. Pale cinnamon brown, with 
heavy dark markings on vertex and front. Length, 4.25 mm.; width, 
1.5 mm. 

Face broad and very deep, not retreating until nearly the middle of 
front, sides of gene perfectly straight ; pronotum very short and broad ; 
elytra with the nervures heavily tuberculate, the outer anteapical cell long 
and narrow. Female segment long, slightly rounding posteriorly; pygofers 
moderately long and stout, much longer and stouter than in drunneus, 
exceeded by the ovipositor by about twice its width. Male valve 
long, but feebly excavated each side the middle. Male antennz with 
a very fine filament. 

Colour: pale cinnamon brown, tinged with fuscous in the male ; 
vertex and face down to antennez with a dark brown or fuscous band, the 
black spots on vertex surrounded by light circles, and the ocelli in the 
inner ends of transverse light dashes. In light examples this band may be 
wanting or only present as a pair of black marks against the eyes. 
Pronotum and scutellum marked as in musteus. 

Described from nine specimens from Dutch Georges and Ward, 
Colo. 

Idiocerus morosus, N. sp. 

Form and general appearance of a/ternatus nearly, but smaller, 

darker, and with a deeper head; structure of verrucosus nearly. 


310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Male antenne with large, nearly circular plates. Length, 4.25 mm.; 
width, 1.4 mm. 

Head much deeper than in a/ternatus, nearly perpendicular down to 
the antennz in the female, sloping in the male; venation as in a/ternatus. 
Female segment slightly rounding posteriorly ; pygofers long and slender, 
exceeded by the ovipositor by two and one-half times its width. Male 
antennz with large oval or nearly round discs, about twice as large as in 
alternatus. 

Colour: vertex and face pale creamy, a pair of large round spots on 
vertex ; face in the female irregularly mottled with rust brown or fuscous, 
omitting a pair of circles around the spots on vertex, a pair of oblique 
spots just outside the ocelli, and a broad stripe down the front. Male face 
with a pair of crescentiform fuscous dashes outside the spots on vertex, a 
pair of narrow brown lines down the front, a wider pair on the sutures, 
and a still wider pair outside ; the outer pair and sometimes the middle 
ones fuscous. Dorsal markings as in a/ternatus, usually somewhat 
darker in the male. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Alder, Fort Collins, 
Colo., and the mountains west of the latter place up to 8,500 feet. 
The small size, deep head and attenuate ovipositor readily separate 
this from adlternatus. The antennal plates alone will distinguish it 
from verrucosus, to which in head characters and colour pattern it is 
closely allied. 


Idiocerus obstinatus, n. sp. 

Resembling do/osus in form and colour, but smaller. Size of 
verrucosus nearly, but with broader elytra. Length, 4.5 mm.; width, 
1.5 mm. 

Vertex shortest in the middle; face sloping, but slightly convex ; 
elytra inclined to be flaring, narrowing before apex ; outer anteapical cell 
long and narrow. Male valve short and strongly trisinuate ; antennz 
with a moderate-sized oval disc. 

Colour: vertex and face creamy yellow, a pair of very small round 
spots on vertex, a pair of brown dashes outside of these, a median stripe 
down face, fuscous in the middle and constricted above the ocelli, and a 
pair of shining black .stripes beneath the eyes; pronotum washed with 
very pale brown, a few irregular spots in front; scutellum pale, with the 
angles and a pair of spots on the disc brown; elytra milky subhyaline, 
the nervures heavily fuscous, omitting the base, the costal margins, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Olek 


a transverse band back of clavus and a few spots on disc; legs and 
eneath pale. 
Described from two males from Arizona. This is a very distinct form, 
resembling crataegi and dolosus in colour marking, but belonging to the 
alternatus group in structural characters. 


Ldiocerus suturalis, Fitch. 

This is either a very variable species in colour markings, and 
somewhat so in structural characters, or else two or more specific types 
are commonly referred to under this name. In the material before 
mé there are four forms represented, all agreeing in general form and 
size, but possessing slight structural differences, and marked coloration 
characters. In general these forms have not been found associated in 
such a way as to indicate specific identity, but, on the other hand, 
in no case has the life-history been sufficiently worked out or enough 
specimens collected to enable one to accurately define specific limits, and 
it has been thought best to characterize them, for the present at least, as 
varieties. 

Variety suturadis, Fitch (typical form). 

The typical form is of a yellowish-green colour, becoming lighter 
towards the margin, with the basal angles of the scutellum and the 
scutellar and sutural margins of elytra included in a confluent stripe of a 
rich brown. ‘This stripe narrows down at apex of clavus and then 
widens and gives way to a smoky area on the membrane. ‘The 
outer anteapical cell is usually present in this form, and the antennal 
disc of the male is moderately large, oval, and about half longer than wide. 

This form was described from N. Y., and is at hand from various 
points in the mountains of Colo., and has been examined from N. Mex. 
The other references to this species either refer to this form or the next. 


Variety /umaris, n. var. 


Size and form of typical swturadis, the outer anteapical cell wanting 
or rarely present as a small triangle in the apex of the costal nervure. 
Male antennz with the filament slightly swollen on the apical half and 
dark coloured, scarcely to be called a disc. 

Colour: pale green, a dorsal stripe wider than in swturadis, covering 
the entire scutellum and extending forward to the posterior margin of 
pronotum, deep fuscous. This stripe is interrupted on the middle of the 
clavus by a broad, light crescent, and marked at the apex by a line, 


al2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Described from twenty-four examples from Palmer Lake and Fort 
Collins, Colo., and Beula, N. Mex. This form has also been examined in 
the past from N. Y. 


Variety continuus, 1. var. 


Somewhat stouter than /wwaris, the outer anteapical rarely present as 
in that form, and the antennz in male dark, but scarcely swollen apically. 

Colour: pale green or yellowish green, the dorsal stripe even broader 
than in /unaris, covering the whole disc of the pronotum and extending 
forward nearly to the margin on the median line, black or very dark 
brown. ‘This stripe is as wide as the scutellum, and is constricted at apex 
of clavus, beyond which it is smoky. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Ward, Antonito, Estes 
Park and Rico, Colo. 

Variely vagus, n. var. 

Slightly larger than sw¢ura/is, even broader than continuus, especially 
in the female, outer anteapical cell rarely present. Male antenne with a 
disc similar to su¢uradis, but rounder. Female ovipositor exceeding the 
pygofers by three or four times its width. 

Colour: female pale green, the scutellum with a pair of large 
datk spots within the basal angles, tergum with the disc dark; elytra 
subhyaline, the apical nervures dark, and the dark tergum showing 
through. Male with the dark nervures and scutellar spots as in the 
female, the elytra and sometimes the posterior part of the pronotum 
irregularly clouded with fuscous or smoky brown. 

Described from eleven examples from North Park and several males 
from Alder, Home, Rist Canon and Palmer Lake, Colo. The females of 
this form are quite distinc!, but the males sometimes approach comtinuus 
in colour, but they never have the stripe definitely margined as in that 
form, and the antennal disc is quite different. 


Idiocerus rufus, var. cingulatus, 1. var. 

Size and form of 7#fus nearly, the elytra slightly longer and narrower, 
giving the insect, especially the females, much more of a wedge-shaped 
appearance. ° 

Colour: female, face and veriex pale yellow, with rufous markings ; 
pronotum rufous, a median line, a few submarginal spots and a pair 
of larger ones on the disc, white ; elytra rufous, subhyaline, with two 
transverse light bands often obscure, but marked by the white nervures, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. alte 








the anterior band crossing the cross-nervure between the sectors. Male 
brownish fuscous, the face light, often with a pair of spots on vertex. 
The submarginal spots on pronotum are united into a median crescent, 
and the elytra are brownish fuscous, with two broad light bands. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Fort Collins and Buena 
Vista, Colo. This form has been confused many times with a/ternatus 
and its allies, but the short ovipositor and the bright rufous pygofers in 
the female and the broad plates and simple antennze in the male 
will readily distinguish it. 

Idiocerus amoenus, var. depictus, n. var. 

Size and form of the species nearly, female ovipositor longer and 
narrower. Male antennal plates slightly smaller. 

Colour: female rich creamy yellow; eyes rufous; pronotum, 
scutellum and narrow scuteliar margin to elytra testaceous brown, 
the colour deepening as you pass back from the vertex, a trace of 
testaceous on the sutural margin before the apex of clavus. Male 
pale creamy yellow ; basal angles of scutellum, scutellar margins of 
elytra, a spot before apex of clavus and the apical nervures testaceous. 
Whole apex of elytra smoky. 

Described from two females and one male from Alameda Co., Calif. 
Collected by E. M. Ehrhorn. ‘This neat little form is remarkably distinct 
in colour, but the structural characters are not of sufficient value to 
separate it from amoenus on the small amount of taterial on hand. 





NOTES. 

Mr. E. Dwicutr SANpdERsON, Entomologist of the Delaware 
Agricultural Experiment Station, Newark, Del., has been appointed 
Professor of Entomology at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of 
Texas. His address is now College Station, Brazos Co., Texas. 





Prof. Elmer D. Ball, M. Sc., of the Department of Zoology and 
Entomology in the State Agricultural College, Fort Coilins, Colorado, has 
been elected to the chair of Animal Biology in the Utah Agricultural 
College, Logan, Utah. 


314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





CALLOSAMIA ANGULIFERA. 
BY A, RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


Through the great kindness of a friend, I have received cocoons of 


Callosamia angulifera. These are stemless, and at once distinguishable 
from those of C. promethea. This character bears out the theory (see 
Can. Ent. for April, p. 94) that C. angulifera is the older, more 
generalized form in the genus. In my work on the Saturnians, June, 
1896, I tried to show that the stemmed cocoons of PA‘losamia, Attacus 
and C. promethea were specializations and a more modern development, 
and gave probable reasons for the acquirement of the habit of fixing the 
cocoon to the branches, so that it might not fall with the leaf in the 
autumn (I. c., pp. 15-16; also Plate I.). I have shown that, in a general 
way, the specialization of the Attacid cocoon keeps pace with the 
specialization of the imago in the whole group. But these specializations 
do not move exactly together, and the independence of the different 
stages in this respect is decidedly indicated. In the case of C. promethea, 
the male has evidently more recently become black, while the cocoon has 
added the stem wanting in the supposed primitive form: C. angudlifera. 
But Samia shows no disposition in this direction, and yet the imago must 
be considered more specialized as compared with Ca//osamia. The 
specializations are unequal throughout, not only as between the different 
stages of larva, chrysalis and perfect insect, but development is hastened 
or retarded in different parts or organs in the same stage. Until this is 
appreciated, judgment will constantly be at fault in classifying these 
insects. The characters upon which genera are founded are those 
of comparative specialization. 

In the passage of Samia to Rothschildia, the tendency to form a 
stem to the cocoon becomes apparent, evidently controlled by the nature 
of the food-plant. I have suggested (I. c) that this habit of fixing 
the cocoon to the tree by an artificial stem spun round the leaf and 
fastened to the twig above, is correlated with the increase of the wings in 
surface dimension. My studies on the species of Samia are not 
concluded. So far it appears not improbable that the Eastern forms, 
Columbia, Gloverit, . Cecropia, are developments of the Western 
Californica ( Ceanotht). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. O15 





TWO NEW MEALY-BUGS FROM NEW MEXICO. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. 
Phenacoccus cevallie, n. sp. 

2. Oval, 4 to 5 mm. long, pale olive green, but covered with white 
secretion, with lateral tassels and thick caudal tassels ; placed in alcohol, 
they stain the liquid pale green; alcoholic specimens appear strongly 
segmented, with two longitudinal blackish bands, best marked in rather 
immature specimens. Eyes prominent; skin with many small circular 
glands ; the lateral patches consist of about twelve glands each, but 
are without spines ; a few rather large bristles scattered about the body ; 
legs and antenne reddish-yellow ; denticle on inner side of claw rudimen- 
tary, just visible ; antennz g-jointed, the club 2-jointed. Measurements 
of antenne and legs in »: Anterior legs, femur and trochanter 470, 
tibia 330, tarsus 130; hind legs, femur and trochanter 540, tibia 440, 
tarsus 135. Antennal joints: (1.) 45-60, (2.) ro8—rrt, (3.) 63-66, (4.) 
60, (5.) 72-75, (6.) 51, (7-) 54 (8.) 45, (9.) 67. 

Newly-hatched larva very pale lemon-yellow, about twice as long as 
broad ; eyes conspicuous. 

Hab.—In enormous numbers on Cevad/ia sinuata, near Lea Lake, 
east of Roswell, N. M., Aug. 21, 1902. Much preyed upon by 
Coccinellids (/Zyferaspis) and Chalcidids. It is allied to P. solenopsis, 
but from its large size and abundant secretion, it looks like a Ceroputo. 
Professor Tinsley was with me when the species was discovered, and 
we both thought it a relative of C. yucce. 

Pseudococcus Neomexicanus (Tinsley), var. a/kadinus, n. var. 

@. About 214 mm. long and 1 broad, covered with mealy-white 
secretion, with short, thick, cottony caudal tassels, and lateral tassels 
posteriorly; secreting a thin but dense white sac, which covers all but the 
hind end of the insect. These sacs are often irregularly stained with 
bright yellow. @ (after boiling in water and mounting in oil of cloves) 
bright orange ; antenne and legs light yellowish-brown ; no produced 
caudal tubercles ; labium 120 » long and about 78 broad; eyes prominent; 
caudal bristles about 75 » long; bristles of anal ring about 66 »; legs 
quite stout, breadth of anterior tibia 36 » ; claw with no denticle on inner 
side ; claw digitules very slender ; no distinctly knobbed tarsal digitules ; 
antennz 8-jointed. Measurements of legs and antenne in: Anterior 
legs, femur and trochanter 210, tibia 135, tarsus 69 ; hind legs, femur and 
trochanter 231, tibia 174, tarsus 78. Antennal segments: (1.) 45-54, 


(2.) 48-54, (3.) 36-41, (4-) 24-30, (5.) 24, (6.) 22-24, (7-) 24-25,(8.) 66-78. 


316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Eggs red; eggs in body of 9 contained well-developed larve, and are 
about 336 » long and 180 broad. 

Hab.—Roswell, N. M., on a low grass in an alkaline spot, abundant 
on the leaves and stems, Aug. 24, tg02. I believe this is a distinct 
species, but it is so close to P. Meomexicanus (Dactylopius Kingti 
Neomexicanus. Tinsley, 1898) that no harm will be done by treating it 
as a variety for the present. It has a Chalcidid parasite, a species with 
very pale legs, and the apical portion of the antenne white, the basal part 
black. 

Two other species allied to the present one are VPseudococcus 
roseotinctus (Dactylopius roseotinctus, T. & W. Ckll.) and P. salinus 
(D. salinus, Ckll.). All these form a little group with a characteristic 
type of antenna, different from that of the Eastern mealy-bugs. 





NOTES ON SOME GENERIC NAMES EMPLOYED BY SER- 
VILLE, IN THE REVUE METHODIQUE, AND FIEBER, 
IN THE SYNOPSIS DU EUROPAISCHEN 
ORTHOPTERAN. 


BY JAMES A. G. REHN, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


As has been shown by several previous writers, the Synopsis 
published in instalments by Fieber, in Lotos, Volume III., all appeared 
on or before August, 1853. Such being the case, all his new generic 
names have precedence over those of L. H. Fischer,* the preface of 
whose work bears the date, November, 1853, and which is unlikely 
to have appeared before 1854. 

FORFICULIDE. 
CHELIDOURA, Serville. Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII., p. 36, 1831. 
Usually quoted in the corrected form used by Burmeister— Chelzdura. 
BLATTYIDé. 
PERISPHARUS, Serville. Ibid., p 44. 
Usually quoted as Perispheria, an emendation. 
MANTID. 
BLEPHARIS, Serville. Ibid., p. 47. 

As this name is preoccupied by Blepharis, Cuvier (Regn. Anim., II., 

p. 322, 1817), | propose Llepharopsis in its place. 





*Orthoptera Europaea, Lipsize. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





PHASMID&. 
CypHocrana, Serville. Ibid., p. 60. 
Usually quoted as Cyphocrania. 


ACRIDID&. 
CALEPHORUS, Fieber. Lotos, III., p. 97, May, 1853. 


Antedates Oxycoryphus, Fischer (Orthopt. Europ., p. 311). 


Cuortuippus, Fieber. Ibid., p. 100, May, 1853. 
Antedates Stenobothrus, Fischer (Ibid., p. 313). 
Dociosraurus, Fieber. Ibid., p. 118, June, 1853. 
Antedates Stauronotus, Fischer (Ibid., p. 351). 
AloLopus, Fieber. Ibid., p. 100, May, 1853. 
Antedates Hpacromia, Fischer (Ibid., p. 360). 
PcEKILOCERUS, Serville. Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII., p. 275, 1831. 
Usually quoted as Pectlocerus. 
Prionorropis, Fieber. Lotos, III., p. 127, June, 1853. 
Antedates Cucudligera, Fischer (Orthopt. Europ., p. 390). 
Peecyctus, Fieber. Ibid., p. 119, June, 1853. 
Antedates Platyphyma, Fischer (Ibid., p. 373).* 
OpsHOMALA, Serville. Ann. Sci. Nat., p. 267, 1831. 
Usually quoted as Opsoma/a or Opfomadza. 
CALLIPTAMUS, Serville (Ibid., p. 284). 
Usually quoted as Cad/iptenus or Caloptenus. 
EyprEPOCNEMIS, Fieber. Lotos, ITI., p. 98, May, 1853. 
Usually quoted in the emended form, Auprepocnemis. 
TETTIGONIDA. 
Potysarcus, Fieber. Ibid., p. 174, August, 1853. 
Antedates Orphania, Fischer (Orthopt. Europ., p. 222). 
XIPHIDION, Serville. Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII., p. 159, 1831. 
Usually quoted as Xzphidium. 





317 





*Scudder (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX., p. 96), in treating the name /edisma, 
Latreille, came to the conclusion that Pezofeté2v, Burmeister, should replace Platyphyma, 
Fischer. As there set forth, Pod?sya possessed two originally-included species, which 
two, ‘and these only,” were the species on which Burmeister’s genus /ezo/ettix was 
founded. In such cases the golden rule, ‘‘ once a synonym, always a synonym,” should 
be applied, and Pezofet/7x should be relegated to its true position as a synonym of 
Podism2, subsequent restriction having no validity where originally included species are 


identical, 


318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





THE «BEE. GHMis D/A LTC L0,S. 
BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR. 
Table for the separation of the species: 
Black). kaw eee ee eee ee ae ae 2 a cr ore Oke 
Greenish or bluish. 
Tegule dark. 
Bluish; abdomen with metallic lustre; face narrow.. Zieodori, n. sp. 
Greenish ; abdomen without metallic reflections ; face 
DROAdGRy is = Gat oe eter, ona ee ge tn my nie ah MEIER REL Se 
n. n. for axomalus. 
Ckll. (non Robt.). 


Tegule testaceous........ Rese .....,anomalus, Robt. 
D. anomalus, Robt. Specimens from Dr. Graenicher, collected at 


Milwaukee, were examined. 


PD. occidentalis, n. n. for D. anomalus, Ckll. 

Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, VII, 126 (Jan., rgor). 

This differs from the true azoma/us in its larger size, more densely 
punctured mesothorax, finer and more numerous lines on the metathorax, 
dark tegule, abdomen distinctly punctured, quite closely on the second 
segment ; denser pubescence on the abdomen nearly concealing the 
surface on the apical segments; apical margins of abdominal segments 
testaceous. 

D. Theodori, n. sp.— 2. Head and thorax blue, face closely and 
rather coarsely punctured and with sparse white pubescence ; antenne 
dark ; flagellum obscurely ferruginous beneath toward apex ; mesothorax 
rather sparsely and finely punctured and finely tessellate ; metathorax 
rugose on base, ruge not reaching apex; tegule dark; wings hyaline, 
nervures yellowish ; legs dark, apical joints of tarsi ferruginous ; inner 
spur of hind tibize with 4 long teeth ; pubescence of legs white ; abdomen 
black, thinly clothed with white pubescence, more dense apically, and 
with metallic reflections ; apical margins of segments testaceous. 

Type.—One specimen (Las Vegas, N. M., May 29, 1902), on 
Convolvulus incanus. Miss Pearl Hitchcock, coll. 


Dedicated to Prof. Cockerell, from whom it was received, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319 


NEW SPECIES OF SEMIOSCOPIS. 


BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 





The following species of Semioscopis (Lpigraphia) seem undescribed, 
They were sent for names by Messrs. F. A. and H. D. Merrick, of New 
Brighton, Pennsylvania, and have been donated by them to the National 
Museum. ‘These new species closely resemble several of the European 
ones, yet seem all specifically separable. 


Synopsis of North American species of Semioscopis. 


Wings sharply trigonate, apex pointed, costa straight. 
Discal mark a curved bar. 
Discal mark continued to Sag of wing by a long, bent black 


bar. . : sods . Packardella. 

This bar sierpli abbreviated at one- fea fren Dees . ..Merriccella. 
This bar broken into rods and dots, obscurely reaching 

base. ee Syst bute! sinus BETO CML Oe 

Discal malate not nrodacet Gear fase in a ae ... megamicrella. 

Discal mark a pair of superposed dots......... so a cya COLI 

Wings not trigonate, costa arched at Baha as in eae ta. ..Allenella. 


S. Packardella, Clem. (eruditella, Grt.). 

Two specimens from Michigan (C. P. Gillette) are in the National 
Museum. 

S. Merriccella, n. sp. 

Palpi blackish, second joint whitish at base and tip, third joint 
whitish, a black spot outwardly at base and black ring before tip ; thorax 
gray, abdomen sordid ochreous. Fore wings light shining gray, slightly 
shaded with brown, darkly so beyond end of cell and on costa before 
apex, irrorated rather uniformly with blackish. A large, curved, black 
bar in the cell, reversed as to curvature with the discal mark; a row of 
irregular terminal black spots between the veins. Hind wings and 
under side silky gray, fringes paler. Expanse 27 to 31 mm. 

Two specimens, New Brighton, Pa. (H. D. Merrick), March 15 and 
22, 1902. 

U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 6609. 


S. aurorella, n. sp. 
Palpi essentially as in the preceding. Wings silky gray, fore wings 
roseate tinged, the basal two-thirds of costa broadly and top of head more 


320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





whitish. Wing finely irrorated with black; a curved discal streak, two 
superposed dashes in the cell, a basal subcostal dash and one from base 
below median vein to opposite middle of cell, black ; three triangularly 
placed short dashes before apex, an ill-defined subterminal and a terminal 
row of intravenular black dots. Fringes pale, slightly roseate. EExpanse 
25 to 30 mm. 

Four specimens, New Brighton, Pa. (H. D. Merrick), March 20, 21 
and 27, 1902. 

U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 6610. 


S. megamicrel/a, n. sp. 

Palpi as in the preceding. Fore wings whitish gray, slightly shaded 
with fuscous, especially beyond end of cell and with scattered brown 
scales ; fine black scales along costal edge and a shaded spot above 
discal mark, which is curved and black, in one of the specimens (on one 
side only), broken into a pair of dots ; two superposed dots before middle 
of cell; three subapical dots in a triangle continued as a submarginal 
row; a terminal row of dots. Hind wings silky gray, fringe pale. 
Expanse 18 to 25 mm. 

Eight specimens, New Brighton, Pa. (H. D. Merrick), March 7, ro, 
20, 21 and 24, 1962. 

U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 6611. 

The smaller specimens were sent by Mr. Merrick under a different 
number, but, though the markings are somewhat confused and the colour 
a little darker, I do not find them specifically distinct. 


S. inornata, Wals. 

This is possibly only a varietal form of the preceding, but none of 
my specimens (of megamicrel/a) are anywhere nearly se large, while the 
discal mark is a curved streak except on one wing of a small specimen, 
where it is resolved into dots. There are no specimens of ¢nornata in 
the National Museum. 


S. Allenella, Wals. 

This species looks like a Depressaria in its wing shape and 
markings. The National Museum has an old specimen, determined by 
Lord Walsingham and labelled ‘oak, Aug. 11, 1884”; also from New 
Brighton, Pa. (H. D. Merrick), May r2 and 22, 1902, and Centre Harbor, 
No. (HG: Dyar), July 22, 1902: 


bo 
—_— 


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SOME NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN BEES.—IV. 
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 
ANTHEMURGUS, gn. nov. 

Glossa lanceolate, shorter than mentum; paraglossze reaching to 
joint 4 of labial palpi; maxillary palpi six-jointed, longer than lamina, 
joints short ; labial palpi with joints subequal, first one robust; marginal 
cell about as long as first discoidal, obliguely truncate, appendiculate ; 
cubital cells equal, second receiving the first recurrent nervure about 
one-third from base and the second near apex ; facial fovew present in 
both sexes ; tibial scopa of female thin, with rather long simple hairs. 

A. passifiore, sp. nov.— @. Black, shining ; head coarsely punc- 
tured ; mesonotum closely and finely punctured, also with some scattered 
coarser punctures, trisulcate anteriorly ; metathorax with the dise rather 
finely reticulated, the sides finely punctured; abdomen with apical 
margins of segments 1-4 shining, impunctate, segment 1 sparsely, 2-5 
more closely, punctured ; labrum with shining space broader at base and 
apex; mandibles rufous; apical half of wings clouded; middle 
metatarsus broader than hind one ; middle spur finely pectinate, about 
one-fifth the length of the metatarsus ; pubescence thin, short, longer on 
the legs, sides of metathorax and segments 5-6 of abdomen ; pale, except 
on segments 5-6, where it is blackish. Length, 8 mm. 

dg .—Resembles the female; mandibles, anterior tibiz in front, and 
sometimes middle ones, and all the tarsi, reddish; a longitudinal yellow 
stripe on the clypeus and on each side of face. Length, 8 mm, 

Carlinville, Illinois ; 72, 5¢ specimens. 

This species is oligotropic ; the female gets her pollen exclusively 
from flowers of Passzflora lutea. 

Perditella boltonie, sp. nov.—. Head and thorax greenish, 
shining, finely roughened, sparsely punctured ; pubescence thin, pale ; 
basal joint of labial palpi longer than the next three together ; mandibles, 
except base, rufous ; clypeus whitish ; facial fovez linear ; legs dark, tarsi 
testaceous, claws simple ; tegulee pale testaceous ; wings hyaline, nervures 
pale, subcostal nervure and borders of stigma and marginal cell darker ; 
marginal and first cubital cells about equal, a little shorter than stigma ; 
cubital cell 2 narrowed about %3 towards marginal, receiving recurrent 
nervure rt just within, recurrent 2 interstitial with the second trans- 
verse cubital ; third discoidal cell present ; abdomen depressed, obovate, 
blackish, segments 2-3 each with a linear whitish band on each side of 
base. « Length, 5 mm. 


OS 
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¢.—Resembles the female; third discoidal cell wanting ; second 
cubital cell more strongly narrowed above ; cheeks dentate ; claws cleft ; 
mandibles, except tips, labrum, clypeus, two small spots on each side 
above, scape in front, anterior tibiz in front, and tarsi, whitish ; abdomen 
without fasciz, apical margins of segments narrowly pale testaceous, apex 
reddish. Length, 5 mm. 

Carlinville, Illinois; 19, 5% specimens. Three male specimens 
have the scape dark, one has the labrum dark, one has no spots on face 
outside of clypeus. The second recurrent nervure in the male is evident 
in certain lights, but there is no thickening. 

The female collects pollen of Loltonta asteroides. I regard it as an 
oligotropic visitor of that plant, but the female may get pollen from some 
other species of Composite. 

Anthidium psoralee, 0. sp.—f. Black, rather opaque, closely punc- 
tured; wings nearly hyaline, basal nervure ending before transverse medial, 
second recurrent nervure interstitial with second cubital ; pulvilli wanting; 
mandibles with seven teeth ; apex of clypeus with two teeth on each side; 
segment 6 of abdomen longitudinally carinate, apex bidentate, strongly 
sinuate laterally, with a lateral tooth; yellowish white ornaments as 
follows : longitudinal stripe on each side of vertex, spot on tegule in front, 
line above, spot on each side of base of scutel, and two lines on apical 
margin, lateral fascize greatly indented anteriorly on segments 2-5, broken 


in two on 1. Length, rr mm. 
¢. Segment 6 of abdomen with an incurved tooth on each side, 7 


with three prominent teeth, Jateral ones broad, with an incurved point, 
median one slender; ventral segments 4-5 emarginate, 6 with broad 
produced median portion, sides of its base sinuate; yellowish-white 
ornaments as follows: mandibles, clypeus, sides of face, longitudinal 
stripe on each side of vertex, dot on tubercles tegule in front, two lines 
on scutel, dot on anterior and middle knees, apex of tibiz, metatarsi, two 
large lateral and two small discal spots on segment 1 of abdomen, 
anteriorly indented lateral fasciz on segments 2—5, and two discal comma- 
shaped marks on 6. Length, 12 mm. 

Carlinville, Illinois; 5 9, 14 ¢ specimens. One female has no line 
above tegule, three have no spots on sides of base of scutel. One male 
has no lines on scutel, four have no dots on anterior knees, five have none 
on middle knees, twelve have no discal spots on segment 1 of abdomen, 
one has the lateral fascia on segment 2 broken in two, four have no dots 
on tubercles. 


a 


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Dianthidium boreale,n.sp.— 3 . Closely resembles D. notatum, Latr., 
but the abdominal segments 6-7 have a median carina, which in the 
latter terminates in a tubercle ; segment 6 has on each side an elevated 
portion, each terminating in a discal subapical tooth and a lateral) apical 
one; pulvilli present; wings clouded, basal nervure almost interstitial 
with transverse medial, second recurrent nervure passing beyond second 
cubital; antenne black; legs red, anterior and middle knees, apex of 
tibize and metatarsi, yellow; other yellow ornaments as follows : mandibles, 
face below antenne, transverse line on vertex, tubercles, tegule in front, 
line above, four spots on scutel, large spot on each side of segment 1, 
arcuate fascia on each side of 2, two discal and two lateral spots on each 
side of 3-5, a large spot on each side of 6 covering the elevated portion, 
and all except base of 7. Length, 8 mm. 

Carlinville, Illinois ; 1 ¢ specimen. 

Among several other good characters of Diéianthidium may be 
mentioned the well-developed pulvilli. 


Stelidium gn. nov., t7ypetinum sp. nov.—@. Black; pubescence 
thin, pale; punctures coarse and close ; mandibles narrow, tridentate, 
rufous before apex; maxillary palpi one-jointed ; cubital cell 2 longer 
than 1, receiving both recurrent nervures about equally distant from base 
and apex ; scutel simple ; abdomen strongly conical; segment 6 longer 
than 5, apical margin carinate ; ventral segment 6 longer than 5, nearly 
as long as wide, produced beyond dorsal segment, with a subapical 
carina ; nearly obsolete whitish ornaments as follows: narrow anterior 
orbits, transverse spot on each side of vertex, four widely-separated 
equidistant spots near apical margins of segments 1-3. Length, 5 mm. 

Carlinville, Illinois; 2 9 specimens. The venation, structure of 
abdomen, and the ornaments mark this as quite a peculiar form. I am 
quite sure it is an inquiline of Z7-yfetes carinatus. 


Melissodes vernonia, sp. nov.— @. Black, clothed with pale whitish 
or griseous pubescence; some black hairs on the vertex in front, a 
subquadrate patch on the mesonotum and the scutel also with black 
hairs ; hind metatarsi blackish beneath ; segment 2 of abdomen has a 
narrow basal and a broader median whitish fascia ; segments 3 and 4 
with broad fasciz reaching the apex of 4, and nearly reaching the apex of 
33 segments 5 and 6 with pubescence black or fuscous ; wings hyaline, 
nervures testaceous ; middle of mandibles rufous ; flagellum testaceous 
beneath. Length, 12-14 mm, 


324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





g.—Resembles the female ; pubescence nearly white throughout, 
thin on mesonotum posteriorly and on scutel where it is sometimes a little 
blackish ; clypeus, spot on base of mandibles and on labrum white ; 
antenne yellowish, darker above, joint 3 about twice as long as 2 ; wings 
hyaline, nervure pale, much paler than in female ; segments of abdomen 
with broad, pale, testaceous apical margins, 2-6 with submedian narrow, 
arcuate, whitish pubescent fascie, segments 5-7 with lateral spines. 
Length, 13. mm. 

Carlinville, Illinois ; 21 2, 15 ¢ specimens. 

The female gets her pollen exclusively from Vernonia fasciculata. 
The male is quite white and resembles a large specimen of JZ. nzvea. 

In my neighbourhood there are three species of bees which have been 
referred to Xenoglossa. Melissodes strenua, Cr., is evidently a true 
Xenoglossa. It is proposed here to make Macrocera pruinosa, Say, the 
type of a new genus, Peponapis, and X. ipome@e the type of a new genus, 
Cemolobus. In its group Xevoglossa is remarkable for having the antenne 
of the male of the same form as in the female. In X. strenua the 
secondary sexual characters are reduced to a minimum, the mandibles, 
antennz and claws of the male being about the same as in the female, 
and the clypeus of the female usually marked with yellow. ‘The three 
species may be separated as follows : 


Females. 

Claws with a short inner tooth, that of the hind claw about one-fourth 
as long as the outer division ; clypeus trilobed; mandibles with a 
distinct exterior angle ; joint 2 of maxillary palpi nearly as long as 
3-5, 4 nearly as long as 4+5; scopa nearly black ; abdomen nearly 
black, with appressed glittering hairs ; first cubital cell shorter than 


the third; shardly longer than the second W/o 2017... C. ipomee. 
Claws cleft, inner tooth of hind claw more than one-half as long as the 
outer division ; clypeus entire ; scopa ochraceous..............1. 


1. Mandibles with an internal tooth at base ; maxillary palpi with joints 
2-5 regularly diminishing in length; abdomen with more or less 
interrupted fascie of appressed ochraceous pubescence ; cubital cell 
1 a little shorter than 3, much Jonger than 2........... X. strenua. 

Mandibles at apex bidentate ; joints 2 and 3 of maxillary palpi 
subequal, 3 = 4+ 5; segments 2-4 of abdomen with whitish 
pubescent fascize ; cubital cell 1 about as long as 3, twice as long 
aSie Se Shan ts Sah INES a te cele bate retard» ep gtaern Se 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. $25 


Males. 

Hind claws long, with a very short inner tooth; hind metatarsus 
arcuate, bevelled at the expense of its posterior inferior border, 

produced anteriorly; mandibles at apex bidentate, exterior angle 

spined ; clypeus trilobed, with transverse apical whitish band ; joint 

3 of antenne about as long as 4, 5—r2 slightly diminishing in length ; 

segments 6 and 7 of abdomen with dentiform lateral apical 

ang lesromarnte 





Ree aMP re alee send ots. ..>..C. tmpomee. 
Hind claws cleft ; hind metatarsus simple ; clypeus entire.........1. 
1. Joint 3 of antenne = 4+5 ; base of mandibles yellow, with an internal 
tooth ; clypeus largely yellow ; segments 5 and 6 of abdomen with 
later! basalsspiness stronger on! 6... b.20.5 2. eS. X. strenua. 
Joint 3 of antenne about one-third as long as 4, 5-12 slightly 
diminishing in length ; mandibles tridentate, base black ; clypeus 
with yellowish spot ; apex of abdomen without spines... pruinosa. 





DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN BEES. 
BY H. L. VIERECK, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Coelioxys Foxit, n. sp. 

Coclioxys vigilans, Fox, not Sm. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XVIII, 344, 
POOL, O°, - 

Conspicuous by its deeply-punctured thoracic dorsum and the orange 
to yellowish pubescence. 

2. Length, 10.5 mm. Clypeus rugose, with close, large, poorly- 
defined punctures, covered with a fine whitish pubescence, and having a 
whitish moustache ; sides of the face covered with a yellowish appressed 
pubescence ; near the ocelli this becomes erect; around the latter 
the hairs are dark brown, and form an erect fringe; a raised space 
in front of anterior ocellus, tapering down in front to a point terminating 
between insertion of antenne, has a longitudinal impressed line along the 
middle on its lower half, and branches up to on each side of the anterior 
ocellus impunctate, dullish, the space between and surrounding punctured; 
an impunctate space between lateral ocelli and eye margins ; top of the 
head punctured, dullish, the punctures smaller than those on dorsulum, 
almost bare ; cheeks with appressed pubescence paler than that on sides 
of face. Dorsum of thorax with large deep punctures, shining, the punc- 
tures on dorsulum usually well separated, those on scutellum sparse, a 
narrow longitudinal area on the middle of scutellum impunctate; a semi- 
circular collection of appressed pubescence on scutellum, a spot of 


526 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





the same adjoining the tegulz and a line on anterior margin of dorsulum 
orange colour. The rest of the dorsum with inconspicuous black hairs. 
Posterior border of scutellum with a sharp edge, only slightly produced 
medially, the lateral teeth short and blunt. The pleura covered with 
pubescence similar to that on cheeks, only so thick as to obscure 
the tegument on the anterior and posterior borders of the mesopleura, 
which are deeply punctured and dullish; the legs covered with a 
white pubescence, that on the tibiz and tarsi within golden. Wings 
darkened brownish, especially near the margins, nervures and stigma 
dark brown. First adominal segment with a groove on the anterior edge 
formed by the sharp edge and the almost ridge curve in back of the edge, 
with distinct, small, separated punctures ; all of abdomen polished, the 
apical segment less than one and a half times as long as broad at base, 
tapering to a blunt point at apex, slightly pinched on the sides at 
the middle, a median longitudinal raised line on posterior half, an 
impunctate line on anterior half; the punctuation on the narrow part 
of apical segment indistinct, that on the broader half distinct, fine, 
the punctures separated ; the rest of the segments with punctures only 
on the anterior and posterior margins ; all the segments, except the apical 
one, with a narrow apical band of yellowish appressed pubescence, a line 
of appressed pubescence on each side of apical dorsal segment; the 
ventral segments with apical bands. 

Black, mandibles, tegule, legs, basal segment and ventral segment 
dark ferruginous. 

¢. Length, 8.5 mm. Essentially the same as the 9 in sculpture 
and coloration, with the usual exception in structural characters incident 
to this sex ; the face uniformly covered with thick appressed pubescence ; 
the lateral scutellar spines more produced ; apical dorsal segment less 
than one and a half times as long as broad, at apex drawn out into 
four sharp spines, the emargination not so deep, more semicircular, 
the width from spine to spine a little more than half the width of the 
apical segment at base; the upper spines a little shorter than the lower 
ones, one spine on each side long and narrow, the broad median furrow 
extending to within a short distance of the base of the apical segment. 

Types: Coll, Am. Ent. Society. Type locality, Port Antonio (9 ), 
Jamaica (W. J. Fox). 

The ¢ is from Kingston, Jamaica. Both specimens are part of a 
collection made in Jamaica during April, 1891, by Mr. C. W. Johnson 
and Mr. W. J. Fox, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


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In sculpture and structure this species comes nearest to C. 
abdominalis, Guer., but that has the abdomen all red, is larger and 
different in various details. 


Coelioxys Slossoni, n. sp. 

Head and thorax biack, dullish; abdomen shining, first three 
segments ferruginous, the rest black; wings fulvous, darker apically ; 
antenne dark brown to black. 

9. Length, 12 mm. Face covered with appressed whitish 
pubescence, which hides the surface of the tegument; head above 
an imaginary line across posterior ocelli deeply punctured, the punctures 
separated irregularly, none very far apart. There is an impunctate line 
extending down to the margin of the eye from each lateral ocellus; 
a compact, spade-shaped, raised area in front of anterior ocellus has 
its borders impunctate, dull, the space within punctured. Cheeks 
punctured, with white appressed pubescence not so dense as on the 
face ; dorsulum with deep, good-sized punctures not all the same 
distance apart, some very close, not at all widely separated, an impressed 
line over the anterior half of dorsulum in the middle, a narrow band of 
yellow pubescence extends to each side of the impressed line, curved and 
meeting the tegulz at the sides; scutellum punctured, much like dorsulum, 
duller, the spines short and rounded. Mesopleura flattened in front, 
giving the side a strong edge, the sides of mesopleura punctured, much 
like the dorsulum, pubescence very sparse, excepting on the margins, 
where it is abundant, and on the sides of the metathorax. Wings with 
space between first transverse cubitus and first recurrent nervure on the 
cubitus a little greater than that between the second transverse cubitus 
and the second recurrent nervure on the cubitus; transverse median 
nervure interstitial; nervures and stigma dark brown, almost black ; 
tegulz testaceous. Abdomen about twice as long as broad at base, first 
segment with well-defined large and small punctures, the larger ones 
a little smaller than those on dorsulum, second segment with much the 
same-sized punctures as those on the first, an impunctate narrow band 
across the middle. On the remaining segments the pattern is the 
same, excepting the apical segment, the puncture on each segment a 
little smaller than on the preceding, the impunctate band wider; apical 
segment with a medial longitudinal impunctate raised line; apical 
segment less than twice as long as broad at base, its outline that 
of a cone slightly pinched in the middle, the apex rounded ; dorsal 


328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





segments, except the apical one, with a narrow white fascia, narrowest in 
the middle, the fascia on first segment narrow from side to side. 

Black ; legs from ferruginous tu testaceous, chiefly a dark shade of 
the latter; anterior and median cox black. The legs have a whitish 
pubescence, except on the inner side of tibiz and all of tarsi, where the 
pubescence is golden. 

¢. Length, 11.5 mm. Exactly like the 2, except for the usual 
sexual characters ; pubescence on face abundant and not appressed ; 
dorsal apical segment with six spines, one on each side at base testaceous, 
the four at apex black, simple, the lower pair longer than the upper, sharp, 
the upper pair short, blunt ; scutellar spines longer than in ?, broader at 
apex than at base. 

Types: Coll. Am. Ent. Society. The 9? deposited by Mr. Fox. 

Type locality, Lake Worth, Florida (Mrs. A. ‘I. Slosson). 

The male is iabeled “Fla.” Two ¢ @ from Lake Worth; the 
co-type is identical with the type. 


Megachile manumuskin, n. sp. 

Thorax shining, punctured ; scopa white, on apical segment black ; 
inner side of tarsi in both sexes brilliant brownish. 

Q. Length, 14mm. Margin of clypeus almost even, the clypeus 
and a small space above closely punctured, the surface shining and 
almost bare, the rest of the face up to the ocelli indistinctly punctured, 
covered with an ,erect whitish pubescence, which extends down and 
covers the lower corners of the clypeus ; top of the head not so closely 
punctured as the clypeus, shining, sparsely covered with black hairs; 
checks indistinctly punctured, covered with erect pubescence whiter than 
that on the face ; space between posterior ocelli seemingly a little greater 
than that between them and eye margins; mandibles the shape of an 
obtuse angled triangle, with four teeth, the upper surface separated from 
the lateral surface by a raised opaque line, the upper surface with drawn- 
out punctures ; antenne with the first joint of the flagellum a little longer 
than the second. Dorsum of thorax shining, punctures on dorsulum close 
together; on the sides, in front, in the middle and behind the punctures 
are well defined and separated ; punctures on scutellum distinct, closer 
than those on the middle of the thorax ; the thorax above almost bare 
in the middle, near the margins with sparse black hairs, surrounded 
by white hairs on the margins; surface of the rest of the thorax 
indistinctly sculptured; metathorax almost smooth, opaque, almost 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 329 








hidden by the abundant white pubescence. The legs, except the tarsi in 
back, largely covered with short, almost appressed whitish pubescence. 
Wings brownish hyaline, nervures very dark brown; tegulz shining, 
punctured. Abdomen shining, the dorsal segments with a polished, then a 
punctured band, an apical subopaque band finely punctured; first 
segment with erect whitish pubescence, the second dorsil segment 
with short whitish pubescence at the base, a narrow whitish band 
of appressed pubescence on the apical border of the punctured band; 
segments two, three and four with similar fascize, otherwise the segments 
have short, black, erect hairs in abundance ; the apical segment is finely, 
closely punctured, slightly impressed on each side, black haired. Almost 
entirely black, claws dark brown in part. 

g. Length, 11.5 mm. Very similar to the female ; hair on face 
yellowish, the clypeus with a long moustache, hairs on top of head 
pale and fine ; first joint of flagellum plainly shorter than the second ; 
anterior coxze armed with a prominent spine ; apical dorsal segment with 
a broad, uneven, elliptical emargination, the sides of the segment with 
large teeth, the right side having but one, the left side two ; the pointed 
process of apical ventral segment long; when looked at from back, its 
tip is on a level with the tips of the sides of the apical dorsal segment. 

Types: Coll. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. 

Type locality, Manumuskin, New Jersey, June 24, 1901 (E. Daecke). 
Co-type 2, same date, same place. One ¢, Clementon, N. J., June 5, 
tgo1t ; DaCosta, N. J., July 14, t901. The thoracic pubescence in these 
specimens has an ochreous tint. Two ¢ ¢, Iona, N. J., June 16, 1go2. 
In one of these specimens the lateral processes and the apical process of 
apex of abdomen are abbreviaied, but hold the same proportion to each 
other as the typical specimens. ‘The species compares well with J7. 
Srugalis, Cress., but that differs in the distinct punctuation of head and 
thorax with shining surface ; the emargination is regular, semicircular, the 
tooth beneath short. The type was compared with the type of J. 
Jrugalis, Cress., ¢, in the U. S. National Museum. 

Frederick Smith described three species of the genus Cod/etes from 
North America. Up to the present time only one species, C. ¢horacicus, 
appears to have been identified. I submit descriptions of what are taken 
to be C. mandibularis and C. nitidus, the remaining species. 

Colletes mandibularis, Sm. 

Colletes mandibularis, Sm. Brit. Mus. Cat., I., 5, 1853. ¢. Type 

locality, Georgia. 


330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





9. Length, $ mm. Clypeus almost bare, shining, with punctures 
lengthened and often confluent, near the margins the punctures are more 
regular, the rest of the face covered with a dirty-looking pubescence, not 
long nor so thick as to obscure the surface, which is so closely punctured 
as to have a rugose appearance ; the head above shining, indistinctly 
punctured, the pubescence longer and sparser than on face, rather 
yellowish ; labrum with a distinct dent in the middle, to the sides 
polished and with traces of dents ; mandibles grooved, with an almost 
obsolete tooth within the apex; the cheeks with a paler pubescence, the 
sculpture indistinct; first joint of flagellum distinctly longer than the 
second ; hardly any space between eyes and base of mandibles ; dorsulum 
shining, with close, distinct, deep punctures, punctures sparse in the 
middle of posterior half; scutellum with a few punctures. Mesopleura 
with distinct punctures, closer than on the dorsulum ; disc of metathorax 
divided into pits, the middle one almost oblong, the largest, the lateral 
each narrower than the one before; enclosure of posterior face of 
metathorax with a broad neck, its surface not perfectly smooth, but 
shining, the neighbouring areas indistinctly sculptured, less shining than 
the middle area ; the thorax above with a short yellowish pubescence, 
that on the sides whitish, the same on the legs. Abdomen subopaque, 
very finely sculptured with indistinct punctures, those on first segment not 
so close as on the rest, therefore it is more shining ; the base of abdomen 
pubescent, much like the dorsum of thorax, the other segments with a thin, 
light, appressed pubescence, except the apical segment; all with a distinct 
fascia of appressed yellowish pubescence ; ultimate segment with brown 
hair. Black mandibles and tibie brownish; wings yellowish, nervures 
brown; stigma paler; first recurrent nervure received by the second 
submarginal cell a. little before the middle. 

¢. Length, 7 mm. Excepting the ordinary sexual characters, the 
male fits the description of the 9. Face below antenne hidden with a 
long, yellowish pubescence; pits on disc of metathorax narrower ; tarsi 
testaceous. 

Four specimens from Georgia (Morrison), Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. 


Colletes nitidus, Sm. 

Colletes nitidus, Sm. New Sp. Hym., B. M., p. 1, 1879, 2? 6. 
Type locality, E. Florida. 

ft. Length, 8 mm. Face below antenne hidden by long, pale 
pubescence, faintly yellowish; face above indistinctly sculptured, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sol 








pubescence thinner and darker than that below; top of the head 
shining, also indistinctly sculptured; cheeks roughened, with white 
pubescence ; labrum with a median dimple ; first joint of flagellum equal 
to the length of the second ; space between eyes and base of mandibles 
very narrow; dorsulum shining, with small, well-separated punctures ; 
scutellum similar. Mesopleura closely punctured, shining; disc of 
metathorax divided in the middle by a sharp longitudinal ridge, the space 
on each side divided into pits by less conspicuous ridges; enclosure 
funnel-shaped, the neck narrow, about twice as long as wide at base, the 
surface polished, the neighbouring areas shining, indistinctly sculptured in 
spots ; thorax above covered with a slightly yellowish pubescence; the 
sides, the metathorax in back and the legs covered with white 
pubescence ; wings yellowish hyaline, nervures light brown, the stigma 
almost testaceous ; first recurrent nervure received a little beyond the 
middle of second submarginal cell. First abdominal segment highly 
polished, with very fine, widely-separated punctures, the pubescence very 
thin and long, whitish, the rest of the segments closely, indistinctly 
punctured, the pubescence whitish, short and lying on the surface, the 
fascize formed by the hairs not at all prominent ; apical segment with 
whitish appressed pubescence. 

Black; tarsi and claws almost testaceous; flagellum very deep 
brown. 

One ¢ specimen from College Park, Maryland, September, 1892. 
(Received through Mr. Quaintance.) 





BOOK NOTICE. 

CATERPILLARS AND THEIR Morus.—By Ida Mitchell Eliot and Caroline 
Gray Soule: The Century Co., New York ; 302 pages 8vo., 80 plates. 
(Price, $2.00 net). 

This is a very interesting and satisfactory book, written in an 
entertaining manner and full of useful information for any one who is 
engaged in rearing moths and studying their life-histories. The great 
value of the work consists in its evident originality ; the writers give us 
their own experiences and record thcir failures as well as successes. The 
first portion of the volume describes the simple apparatus employed in 
rearing caterpillars, how to take care of them, where to look for them, 
and tells as much as the ordinary collector requires to know about the eggs, 


332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





caterpillars, cocoons, pup, and finally the moths. The perusal of these 
chapters will greatly help any one trying to rear Lepidoptera and enable 
him to avoid many mistakes that he would otherwise be sure to make. 
A sufficient description is given of the external] structure of these insects 
in their various stages to enable the reader to make intelligent records of 
his observations which will have some scientific value. A chapter is aiso 
devoted to the Parasites which so often disappoint one who has been 
patiently rearing a caterpillar and hoping to secure a perfect specimen of 
some rare moth. The following passage gives some admirable advice : 
“The best part of any one’s equipment is the power of observation— 
quick seeing, unfailing carefulness, exactness of noticing and stating, and 
the patience which works hard and well, can bear the failure of its best 
plans and experiments, and begin over again next season with as much 
zest as before. Faithfulness, accuracy and patience are absolutely 
necessary to satisfactory work of this kind.” 

The second and larger portion of the volume records the life- 
histories, more or less complete, of about fifty species of moths belonging 
to the Sphinges, Bombyces and Noctuids, and tells how they were reared 
and brought safely to the perfect state. These descriptions are 
remarkably good and, what is more, highly interesting, being written in 
simple language free from all technicalities that are not necessary for 
accurate statements. ‘The illustrations are regarded by the publishers as 
a unique feature of the book. They are 80 in number, beautifully 
executed photogravures, many of them perfect representations of the 
insect, for instance the moth and caterpillar of Sphinx Kalmie (p. 136), 
but a large number, we are sorry to say, are most disappointing, the 
specimens photographed being badly set, often imperfect and in some 
cases almost unrecognizable. As examples we may mention the moths 
of Amphion nessus, Ampelophaga myron, and Leucarctia acrea. The 
caterpillars are nearly always beautifully depicted, and it seems a great 
pity that perfect and properly-set specimens of the moths were not 
chosen for representation. ‘These defects impair the beauty but do not 
affect the value of the book, which will be a source of pieasure and a 
storehouse of information to every nature-lover who takes an interest in 
watching and studying the. actual living objects and is not content with 
mere dead and dried specimens. 





Mailed December 4th, 1902. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. 





Acarians, new genera and species, 171 
(figs.). 
Acknowledgments, 101, 170. 
Acridiidze of Ontario, list of, 251. 
Acridiinzz, Ontario species, 256. 
Actenopoda, n. gen., 88. 
Actias luna, aberration of, 7o. 
Eoloplus chenopodii arcwatus, n. sub. 
sp., 146. 
Agapostemon pulcher, 49. 
Agentoideus, n. gen., 85. 
Agenioxenus, n. gen., 137. 
Agriotypus armatus, 180o. 
Agromyza flaviventris, n. sp., 242. 
Akermes Bruneri, n. gen., n. sp., 89. 
Alastorini, table of genera, 210. 
ALDRICH, J. M., article by, 129. 
Aleptina inca, n. sp., 105. 
Alloceelinz, table of genera, 229. 
Allocyphonyx, n. gen., 136. 
Amiseginz, table of genera, 230. 
Ammalo, characters of genus, 191. 
Ammonia Americana, n. sp., 171 (fig.). 
Anza andria in Indiana, 44. 
Andrena Bridwellii, 48. 
‘* _ clypeonitens, n. Sp., 47. 
Cressonii, 48. 
ef dubia, n. sp., 48. 
* Kansensis, 48. 
‘<  multiplicata, n. sp., 46. 
uC radiatula, n. sp., 46. 


Be rufosignata, n. sp., 46. 
ut Sigmund, n. sp., 45- 
ae 


subcommoda, 1. Sp. 45. 
Anopliini, table of genera, 80, 
Anoplonyx, a Canadian, 93. 
a Canadensis, 0. Sp., 94. 

Anotia Kirkaldayi, n. sp., 259. 

PSL 2, Me SPs5 250) 
Anthemurgus, n. gen., 321. 

fe passiflore, 1. Sp., 321. 

Anthidium psorale@, n. sp., 322. 
Anthrenus scrophulariz, 77. 
Aphiloctenus, n. gen., 87. 
Aporinz = Pompiline, 79. 

‘* table of tribes, 80. 
Aporinus, n. gen., 88. 
Aporovideus, n. gen., 86. 
Araba nebulosa, n. sp., 200. 
Arachnophila, n. gen., 86. 
Arachnophroctonus, n. gen., 83. 





Arctia phalerata, notes on life-history, 
50. 
Arctia virgo, notes on larva, 23. 
Arphia hesperiphila, n. sp., 143. 
> ramonad,y i. Sp. 042: 
ASHMEAD, W. H., articles by, 79, 131, 
163, 203, 219, 268, 287, 307. 
Asterolecanium viridulum, n. sp., 89. 
Aulocostethus, n. gen., 133. 


Ball, E. D., appointment of, 313. 
BALL, E. D., articles by, 12, 53 (plate), 
147, 259, 303. 
BANKS, NATHAN, articles Diysel23yul7ils 
218. 
Barrett, O. W., change of address, 278. 
Batozonus, n. gen., St. 
Bees from Colorado, 37. 
‘* from Wisconsin, 45. 
“* new, or little known, 48, 321. 
‘* notes and descriptions of, 234, 
318, 325. 
BETHUNE, C. J..S., articles by, 78,-105, 
106, 331. 
Bethylidz, table of subfamilies, 269. 
Bethylinze, table of tribes, 269. 
Bethylini, table of genera, 270. 
BirD, HENRY, article by, 107 (plate). 
Biston ursarius, 34. 
Blepharis= 4lepharopsis, n. nom., 316. 
Blepyrus phenacocci, n. sp., 301. 
Bombomelecta Arizonica, n. sp., 267. 
Bombidz of Colorado, 37. 
Bombus affinis, 38, 44. 


ab appositus, 35, 40. 

es bifarius, 39, 43. 

ee borealis, 40. 

be Coloradensis, 1. var., 38, 41. 
oe Couperii, 39, 43- 

uP dorsalis, 37, 39: 

ec dubius, 40. 

as Edwardsii, 38, 41. 

gi fervidus, 38, 40. 

Ke flavitrons, 39, 43- 

Lo Howardii, 38, 41. 

ut Hudsonicus, 37, 40, 44. 
a juxtus, 39, 43, 7I- 

UG mixtus, 39, 44. 

s¢ Morrisonii, 37, 39) 71+ 
vs Nevadensis, 37, 40. 


3354 





Bombus Oregonensis, 39, ae 
oe Pennsylvanicus, 35, 42. 
re perplexus, 375 39- 
ve proximus, 38 AT, 7Ue 
LO Putnamii, 38, 41. 
wf rufocinctus, 39, 43. 
38 scutellaris, 38, 41. 

a separatus, 37, 39- 
* sonorus, 38, 44, 72. 
Bs sylvicola, 39, 43- 
He ternarius, 38, 42. 
oe terricola, 38, 42. 


er Titust, n. sp., 38, 42. 
2 vagans, 37, 44. 


ss Virginicus, 37, 44, 71. 
Me the Mouth-parts of, 71. 
Book notices, 78, 105, 130, 161, 184, 


2IS, Sls 
Bostera, n. gen., 266. 
ss nasuta, N. Sp., 
Box Elder bug, 77. 
BRADLEY, J. CHESTER, article by, 179. 
Buftalo Carpet-beetle, 77 
Burtia, note on, 66. 
Butler, Dr. A. G., retirement of, 51. 
Butterflies, changes in the colour of, 94. 
Bythoscopidz from British Columbia 
and the Southwest, 303. 


266. 


Calliopsis verbenz, var. Nebraskensis, 

n. var. 240. 
Calliptenus = Calliptamus, 317. 
Callosamia angulifera, 314. 

. promethea, 94, 314 
Caloptenus = Calliptamus, 317. 
Carneades fusimacula, n. sp., 125. 
Carneades incallida, 35. 


Ue infusa, . SP., 30. 
- pitychrous, 33. 
. quinquelinea, 35. 


Cassida viridis, 274. 
Caterpillars and their Moths: I. M. 
Eliot and C. G. Soule, 
Catocala abbreviatella, 96. 
St Alabame, 97. 
if Amasia, 97 (figs.). 
vy Arizonz, 98. 
sae babyaga, 95. 
uty badia, 96. 
i blandula, 96. 
a coelebs, 96. 
Cordelia, 97 (fig.) 
sf Delilah, 96. 
oh Desdemona, 96. 
a Dionyza, 96. 
So ests fetch: 


33!- 


INDEX TO VOLUME 








XXXIV. 





Catocala polygama, 96. 
ts Texanz, 98. 
vs Titania, 98. 
a Whitneyi, 96. 
Catocale, list of the Yellow-winged, 
95: 
CAUDELL, A. N., articles by, 98, 169. 
Cecidomyia from Amarantus Palmeri, 
184. 
Cecidomyia from 
Torreyi, 184. 
Cemolobus, n. gen., 324. 
Cenchrea Heidemannt, n. sp., 261. 
ee Vhleri, n. sp., 261. 
Ceropaline, table of genera, 137. 
Ceroplastes Bernardensis, n. Sp., 93. 
gis Brunert, n. Sp., 91. 
Ceroplastes novaesi J7endoze, n. 
subsp., 92. 
Ceroplastes scutigera, 0. Sp., 92. 
4 table of species, go. 
Chelidura = Chelidoura, 316. 
Cherry Fruit Fly, scientific name of, 28. 
Cheyletus claz ispinus, tse S a=) Wlei2. 
Chimarocephala pacifica, 145. 
Chirodamus, characters of genus, 135. 
Chloroperda 5-punctata, n. sp., 124. 
Chrysididz, 221. 
ze table of subfamilies, 223. 
Chrysidinz, table of genera, 22 
Cicindelze in North Carolina, 217. 
Cidaphurus Cressonit, n. sp., 69. 
Cixitus cultus, n. Sp.) 151. 
Cleptinae, table of genera, 230. 
Coccid, new Gall-making, 75. 
‘¢ from a very high altitude, 193. 
Coccid from Texas, new Ants’-nest, 
285. 
Coccide from the Argentine Republic 
and Paraguay, 88. 
Coccidze, notes on Massachusetts, 59. 
Coccidze of British North America, 
158, 166. 
Coccus, on the type of the genus, 232. 
Cochlorhinus pluto, 54 (fig-). 
Cochlorhinus, the genus and its allies, 
53 (plate). 
COcCKERELL, T. D. A., articles by, 45, 
71, 75: 88, 183; 194, 267, 315: 
“Coelioxys Foxit, n. sp-, 325: 
3 Slossonit, n. Sp., 327: 
Colletes mandibularis, 329. 
‘c nitidias, 330: 
Colon Liebecki, n. sp., 181 (fig). 
Comatacta, n. gen., 199. 
CoguILLeTt, D, W., articles by, 195, 


Ee. ? 
=Ye. 


galls on Lycium 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. 335 








Corethra Brakeleyi, early stages of, 
139. 
Corrigenda, 49, 52, 101, 166. 
CRAWFORD, J. C., jr., articles by, 234, 
318. 
Cryptophyllaspis Ribsaament, n. sp., 
fips 
Ctenucha Cressonana, 104. 
Ctenucha Cressonana, var. 
var., 104. 
Ctenucha venosa, 104. 
Cucullia intermedia, 34. 
Cuculligera = Prionotropis, 317. 
Culex atropalpus, n. sp., 292. 
‘*  quadrivittatus, n. Sp., 293. 
‘“<  varipalpus, n. sp., 292. 
Cutworm, life-history of the Variable, 
279. 
Cyenia, discussion of species, 188. 
Cyllene pictus, 170. 
Cyphocrania = Cyphocrana, 317. 


lutea, n. 


Dactylopius Wheeler?, n. sp., 285. 
Datana, larva from Arizona, 74, 216. 
a perspicua, larva, 216. 
ee robusta, larva, 74, 216. 
Decticinean genus Eremopedes, 98. 
Dialictus, n. gen., 48. 


ge anomalus, 48, 315. 

Ze lustrans, 315. 

ss occidentalis, n. nom., 318. 
ot Theodori, n. sp., 318. 

a table of species, 318. 


Dianthidium boreale, n. sp., 323: 

Dimorpha and Chelepteryx, 299. 

Diptera from Mexico and New Mexico, 
195. 

Diptera, new North American, 240. 

Discoelinz, table of genera, 205. 

Dracotettix monsterosus, 145. 

Dryininz, table of genera, 288. 

Dryoceetes affaber, 72, 73. 

Dyar, HARRISON G., articles by, 36, 
105, 122, 298, 319. 


Ecology of Insect Sounds, 64. 
EHRHORN, E. M., article by, 193. 
Elampine, table of genera, 228. 
Emboleminz, table of genera, 287. 
Entomological Record, 137. 

a Society of Ontario, 296. 
Epachromia = Aiolopus, 317. 
Epeuchetes, n. nom., 27, 52: 

Epinomia persimilis=E,. triangulitera, 
240. 











Eremopedes Balli, n. sp., 100. 

es Scudderi, tor. 

of as var. viridis, ror. 
unicolor, 99. 
table of species, 98 (fig’s.). 
Eriococcus Texanus, n. sp., 286. 
Errhomenellus trroratus, n. sp., 18. 
Euchztes egle, venation of, 189 (figs.). 

ub discussion of species, 188. 
generic characters, rot. 
Euchzetes, 27, 52, 187. 
Euchetias, n. nom., 27, 52, 187. 
Eulecanium fraxint, n. sp., 158. 

ag Lymani, 11. 
Eumenide, table of subfamilies, 204. 
Eumenine, table of tribes, 207. 
Eumenini, table of genera, 207. 
Eupethecia, use of the name, 104. 
Euprepocnemis = Eyprepocnemis, 317. 
Eusemia sabulosa, 122. 
Eutettix fenestrata, n. sp,, 12. 

bb palliolata, n. sp., 13. 

_ pannosa, n. sp., 12. 
Exeretopus caricis, n. sp., 193. 
Exomalopsis Brunert, n. sp., 238. 


ee 


a3 


ce 


ae 


Fenaria longipes. 122. 
oy sevorsa, 122 
FERNALD, Mrs. C. H., articles by, 177, 
79090 
x Se . 
Fieber, generic names employed by, 
316. 
FLETCHER, JAMES, article by, 279. 
Fossile Schmetterlinge und der Schmet- 
terlings flugel: A. R. Grote, 184. 
FRENCH, G. H., article by, 95. 
Fulgoride, new N. American, 147, 259. 
Fumigation methods: Johnson, 106. 
FYLes, T. W., article by, 273. 


Gall Insects, 183. 

Genera Insectorui : 
161. 

Generic names, formation of, 129. 

GIBSON, ARTHUR, articles by, 23, 50, 
182, 279. 

Gomphus cavillaris, n. sp., 2 
i lentulus, 0. sp., 27 
ss phaleratus, n. sp., 277: 

Gonaporus, n. gen., 88. 

Gortyna zrata, 167. (See Hydreecia). 

Grapta progne, 34. 

GROTE, A. R., articles by, 66, 70, 75, 
94, 104, 295, 34 


Wytsman, 105, 


INDEX 


TO VOLUME XXXIV. 





Gymnobates, 0. gen., 175. 
os glaber, n. sp., 176 (fig.). 


Halictinae, synopisis of. 243. 

Halictus Bruner, n. sp., 237. 
SS (Cockereil7, sn 1SPsyn2R0s 
‘fulgidus, n. sp., 235- 


uf montanus, 0. Sp., 234. . 


Tae PLGLUES) Net SPs) 230. 
vUQOSUS, 1. SP.) 237+ 
Titusi, n. sp., 235- 
Hammaniella relativa, n. sp., 67- 
HARRINGTON, W. H., articles by, 72, 
93- 
Harris, E. D., article by, 217. 
HEarTH, E. F., article by, 33. 
Hedychrinz, table of genera, 227. 
Holcaspis Arizonica, n. sp., 183. 
Homogilea hircina, 34. 
Homonotini, table of genera, 132. 
Hoploderma granulata, n. sp., 175- 
Fluleria, n. gen., 57- 
rg g-punctata, n. sp., 58 (fig.). 
Hybernia tiliaria, 35. 
Hydreecia zrata, 75, 167, 274. 
we zrata =nelita. 
Hydreecia Americana, Speyer, or H. 
Atlantica, Smith, 32. 
Hydrecia baptisia, n. sp., life-history, 
109 (figs. ). 
Hydreecia cataphracta, 35, 
(fig.). 
Hydreecia cerussata, 116 (tig.). 
at duovata, n. sp., 115 (fig.). 
a erythrostigma, 33. 
frigida, 35. 


198, 116 


us impecuniosa, 116 (fig.). 
a inqueesita, 107, 116 (fig.). 
Hydrecia insulidens, n. sp., 112 (fig.), 


ais 
Hydreecia limpida, 116 (fig.). 
ss lucens, 33. 
nebris, 75, 167. _ ; 
25 necopina, 116 (fig.), 167. 
nelita, 35, 274. 
Hydreecia, New Histories in, 107 
(plate). 
Hydreecia nictitans, 32. 
eS nitela, 75, 117, 167. 
purpurifascia, 118, 
rutila, 114. 
Hymenoptera, a recently-discovered 
genus and species of aquatic, 179. 
Hymenoptera, new parasitic, 67. 
Hypoferreola, n. gen., 82. 
Hyppa brunneicrista, vn. sp., 31. 


ee 


ae 


ac 








Idiocerus amabilis, n. sp., 306. 

Idiocerus amcenus, var. depiclus, 1. 
var., 312. 

Idiocerus concinnus, n. sp., 306. 

dolosus, 0. Sp., 304. 

SO TSHR Sls Soke, slots 

femoratus, n. Sp., 307. 


“ formosus, Nn. Sp. 305. 
‘ MOYOSUS, N. SP., 310. 
ms musteus, N. Sp., 308. 
oe 


obstinatus, 1. Sp., 310. 

Idiocerus rufus, var. cingulatus, n.var., 
BN. 

Idiocerus suturalis, 311. 

Idiocerus suturalis, var. 
Vata Sie 

Idiocerus suturalis, var. /uwnarts, n.var., 
3II. 

Idiocerus suturalis, var. vagus, n. var., 
212. 

Tdiocerus verrucosus, N. SPp., 309. 

Illinois, northern, changes in Entomo- 
logical Fauna, 76. 

Insects injurious to 
Sanderson, 78. 

Ischnogasterinz, table of genera, 205. 


continuus, n. 


staple crops: 


Jassidz, descriptions of, 12, 53 (plate). 
ss West Coast and other, 12. 
Jounson, C. W., article by, 240. 


Kelisia parvula, n. sp., 264. 
‘« salina, n. sp., 264. 
KING, GEORGE B., articles by, 59, 158, 
211, 285. 
KUNZE, R. E., articles by, 74, 216. 
KuSNEZOW, N., article by, 130. 


Labels, 102, 119, 121. 
Lamenia inflata, n. sp., 262. 

Ge obscura, N. Sp., 262. 
Lasioptera carbonitens, n, sp., 183. 

a ephedricola, n. sp., 184. 
LAURENT, PHILIP, article by, 121. 
Lecanium, on the genus, 177. 
Lepidoptera, new diurnal, from Bolivia, 

138. 
Lepidoptera of 

notes On, 33. 
Leptocoris trivittatus, 77. 

Lichtensia simillima, 0. sp., 90. 
Limnodytes gerriphagus, 179. 
Livoaspis, nN. YeNn., 174. 

ss Americana, n. sp., 174 (fig). 

Litaneutria obscura, 141. 


Southern Manitoba, 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. 337 





Lophodonta angulosa, 76, 168. 

Gt Georgica, 76, 168. 
Loxostege triumphalis, n. sp., 295. 
Lutz,: FRANK E., articles by, 64, 102. 
Lyceena Scudderii, notes on, 126. 
Lycastrirhyncha Willistoni, n. a 
Lyda fasciata, life-history of. 
Lyman, H. H., articles by, 

126, 167, 187, 274. 


ae a 52, 


Macrocera tmmaculata, n. sp., 240. 
3 pruinosa, 324. 
Macropsis bisignata, n. sp., 303. 
Mamestra Atlantica, life-history, 
“s Farnhami, 34. 
Maple Cottony Phenacoccus, 211. 
Masaride, table of genera, 219. 
Mealy-bugs, new species from New 
Mexico, 315. 
Megachile facunda, 49. 
manumuskin, 1. Sp., 328. 
optiva, 40. 
a petulans, 49. 
sexdentata, 49. 
Megamelanus, n. gen., 265. 
Bo bicolor, n. Sp., 265. 
Melanaporus, n. gen., 132. 
Melanoplus Brownii, n. sp., 169. 
oe Bruneri in Ontario, 252 
Melissodes vernonté, n. sp., 323. 
MENGEL, L. W., article by, 26. 
Mesitiopterus, n. gen., 231. 
GC Kahlii, n. sp., 231. 
ay Townsendi, n. sp., 231. 
Microphthalma pruinosa, n. sp., 200. 
Mochlosoma rufipes, 0. Sp., 202. 
MoFrFatT, J. ALSTON, articles by, 101, 
170. 
Mr. Grote’s Criticisms, 167. 
Myndus impiger, n. sp-, 153- 
oe Slossoni, 0. Sp., 154. 
viridis, N. Sp., 153- 
Myodites solidaginis, n. sp., 293- 
Myopa fenestrata, n. sp., 197. 
‘© pulchra, n. sp., 198. 


se 


Nadia apalachia, n. sp., 68. 
Nannopompilus, n. gen.. 82. 
NEEDHAM, JAMES G., articles by, 119, 
245 
Nemoura Coloradensis, 125. 
gt pallida, n. sp., 125. 
s venosa, 125. 
Noctuids, new, from 
America, 29. 


British North 








Nomada denticulata, n. sp., 49. 


Northwest (Canada) 
Society, 258, 284. 
Notes on Mr. Lyman’s papers, 75. 
Notocyphinz, table of tribes, 135. 
Notocyphini, table of genera, 136. 
Notodonta angulosa, 2 
sf Georgica, 27. 


Notophallus dorsalis, n. sp., 


Entomological 


~ 


Ocyptamus notatus, 1. Sp., 195. 
Odynerini, oo of genera, 208. 
cleus acutus, 0. Sp., 157+ 

ry eae HSPs sO 
excavatus, N. Sp., 155. 
Julvidorsum, n. sp., 157+ 
lineatus, 1. SP. 154. 
obtusus, N. SPp., 155; 
CEdipodinze, Ontario species, 255. 
Oliarus aridus, 1. Sp., 151. 

ut complectus, Nn. Sp., 152 
sementinus, N. Sp. 152 
Opomala=Opshomala, 317. 
Opsomala = Opshomala, 317. 
Orphania= Polysarcus, 317. 
Orphulella pelidna in Ontario, 251. 
Orthezia ultima, n. sp., 88. 
Orthoptera and Pseudoneuroptera of 


ce 


ee 


oe 


ce 


e 


Russia: Jacobson and Bianchi, 
130. 

Orthoptera, some Southern California, 
141. 


Oxycoryphus = Calephorus, 317. 


Pagaronia, n. gen., 19. 

on i3-punctata, 1. sp., 20. 
Pagaronia 13-punctata, var. triunata, 

Te Vasey ZO- 
Pamphila barbara, n. sp., 135. 
Panorpine, 22 
Papilio Ajax-—— af elamonides, 170. 
Papilionides, changes of colour in, 94. 
Pa ropulopa interrupla, MetSPs;e2 De 

Mexicana, n. sp., 22. 

Paroxya Floridana in Ontario, 252. 
Passalus cornutus, stridulation of, 65. 
Patara Vanduzei, n. sp., 260. 
PEARSALL, R. F., article by, 214. 
Pediopsts trivialis, n. sp., 304. 
Peltonotellus brvittatus, n. sp. 263. 

fe FULOSUS, N. SP. 263. 
Penthina hebesana, note onlarvee, 182. 
Peponapis, 0. gen., 324. 
Perditella boltoni@a, n. sp., 321. 
Peridroma canittes, XN. Sp.y 295+ 


B38 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. 





Peridroma saucia, 34. 
Perisphzeria = Perisphzrus, 316. 
Perla capitata, 123. 
‘¢  fumosa, 1. Sp., 123. 
LMStIS,) 123. 
Perlidze, notes and descriptions, 123. 
Perlinella frontalis, n. sp., 123. 
ae signata, 1. Sp.» 124. 
sobria, 123. 
Pettit, R. H., article by, 212 (figs.). 
Pezotettix = Podisma, 317 (note). 
Phenacoccus acericola, n, Sp.. 211. 
Phenacoccus Cavallize, Hymenopterous 
parasites of, 301. 
Phenacoccus cevallia, n. Sp., 315 
Phthiria Coquilletti, n. sp., 240. 
PIERCE, W. DwiGHtT, article by, 293. 
Pieris rapze, 34. 
Pityophthorus coniperda, note on, 72. 
Planicepinze, table of tribes, 131. 
Planicepini, table of genera, 132. 
Platyphyma = Pelecyclus, 317. 
Plusia precationis, 34. 
o> simplex; 34° 
Poecilocerus = Peekilocerus, 317. 
Pecilopompilus, n. gen., 82. 
Polistinae, table of genera, 164. 
Polynema natans, 180. 
Pompilinus, n. gen., 85, 86. 
Pompilogastra, n. gen., 81. 
Prestivichia aquatica, 180. 
Probethylus, n. gen., 270. 
Pseudococcus Neo-Mexicanus, 
alkalinus, 0. var., 315. 
Pseudomalus, 0. gen., 229. 
Pseudomasaris, n. gen., 
Psilocephala grandis, nN. Sp., 241. 
Pteroptus Americanus, n. sp. 173 (fig.). 
Pycnopompilus, n. gen., 83. 
Pygarctia, discussion of species, 188. 
+ generic characters, I9I. 
Pyrameis cardui, 34. 


ve 


“ee 


V alts 


PAP AIDE 


Ranatra fusca, eggs of, 212 (figs.). 

Raphiglossinz, table of genera, 206. 

Rean, J. A. G., articles by, 141, 316. 

Rhagoletis cingulata (Cherry fruit-fly), 
28. 

ROBERTSON, CHARLES, articles by, 48, 
243, 321. 


Sanderson, E. D., appointment of, 313. 
Scaphoideus scrupulosus, 1. Sp-, 14+ 
Sclerogibbini, table of genera, 269. 





Scolops abnormis, 0. Sp., 149. 


‘© maculosus, 1. Sp., 148. 
‘¢  Osbornz, n. Sp, 147- 

‘© robustus, N. Sp., 150. 
SS Ohileri, asp.. ase 

“ Vanduzet, n. sp., 150. 
ee 


viridis, N. Sp., 149. 
Semitophora Youngti, n. sp., 29. 
Semioscopis Allenella, 320. 

sf aurorella, nN. Sp., 319. 
inornata, 320. 


“ megamicrella, N. Sp. 320. 
a Merriccella, n. Sp., 319. 

os Packardella, 319. 

ee 


synopsis of species, 319. 
Sericopompilus, n. gen., 82. 
Sermyle arbuscula, n. sp. 41. 
Serville, generic names employed by, 
316. 
Sicus brevirostris, 1. sp. 198. 
Silpha Coloradensis, n. sp., 180. 
SLINGERLAND, M. V., article by, 28. 
SMITH, JOHN B., articles by, 29, 32, 
125,089: 
Sophropompilus, n. gen., 84. 
Sounds of Insects, ecology of, 64. 
Spilopompilus, n. gen., 81. 
Spharagemon venustum, 145. 
Sphiximorpha ancoralts, 1. Sp., 196. 
Spiders of the United States: Emer- 
ton, 215. 
Spilomyta obscura, N. Sp., 195+ 
Stauronotus = Dociostaurus, 317- 
Stelidium, n. gen., 323. 
eS trypetinam, 1. SPp-. 323: 
Stelis pulchra, n. sp., 239. 
Stenobothrus = Chorthippus, 317- 
Sticthippus Californicus, 145. 
St. Louis Academy of Science, 52. 
Strecker, Dr. Herman, death of, 2 
Synhalonia Illinoensis, n. sp., 49- 


Synonymic Notes, 27, 52. 


Tachypompilus, n. gen., 53. 
Tzeniocampa subterminata, 34. 
TALLANT, W. N., article by, 44. 
Tetrastichus blepyri, 0. Sp., 302. 
Tettiginze, Ontario species, 253. 
Thamnotettix bullata, n. sp. 17+ 
wt collaris, 1. Sp-, 15. 
languida, n. Sp., 17: 
mendica, 1. Sp. 16. 
Thecla niphon, 72. 
Tiphodytes, n. nom, (Limnodytes), 179- 
Titus, E. S. G., article by, 37- 


oe 


oe 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. 339 








Tortoise-beetle, new to Quebec, 273. 
TRELEASE, W., article by, 52 
Trichotarsus osmize, 176. 

- xylocopa, 176. 
Trigonalidz, table of genera, 291. 
Trimerotropis, Canadian species of, 1 


(plate). 
Trimerotropis Bruneri, 1, 4. 
Be citrina, I, 4. 
se ? coeruleipes, 1, 3. 


Trimerotropis Huroniana, n. sp., 2, 6 
(figs.), 252. 


Trimerotropis longicornis, n. sp., 2, 4 


(figs.). 
Trimerotropis maritima, 2, 256. 
ee monticola, 1, 3. 
o rebellis, 145. 
Ce saxatilis, 8. 
Trimerotropis sordida, Nn. Sp. 2, 9 
(figs.). 
Trimerotropis vinculata, 2, 6 (figs.), 
145. 
Trixodes, n. gen., 201. 
se obesa, 1. Sp., 202. 


Trombidium graniulatum, n. Sp., 171. 

Tryxalinze in Ontario, 254. 

Tryxalis brevicornis in Ontario, 251. 

Tutt’s British Lepidoptera, remarks on 
third volume, 298. 


Ufeus plicatus, 35. 


Uhlerrella, n. gen., 54. 


cis Coguilletti, 55 (fig.). 
ob signata, N. sp., 56 (fig.). 
os stygica, n. Sp., 55 (fig.). 








United States National Museum, cen- 
sus of Lepidoptera in, 36. 


Vespidz, table of subfamilies, 163. 

Vespinz, table of genera, 164. 

Vespoidz, classification of the super- 
family, 79, 131, 163, 203, 219, 268, 
287. ° 

VIERECK, Hi. L., articles by, 67, 325. 


WALKER, E. M., articles by, 1 (plate), 
251. 

Wasps, classification of the Fossorial, 
Predaceous and Parasitic, 79, 131, 
163, 203, 219, 268, 287. 

Water-Scorpion, egg of the, 212 (figs.). 

WEBSTER, F. M,, article by, 76. 

WEEKS, A. G.., jr., article by, 138. 

Weith, R. J., death of, 278. 

What is a genus? 157. 

WIcKHAM, H. F., article by, 18o. 


Xanthoencyrlus, 0. Fen., 302. 
NXanthoencyrtus nigroclavatus, 0. Sp., 
302. 
Xenaporus, n. gen., 88, 
Xenoglossa ipomee, 324. 
y strenua, 324. 
Xiphidium = Xiphidion, 317. 
AXyela luleopicta, n. sp., 194. 


Zodion perlongum, i. Sp.) 199. 





ERRATA. 


Page 86, line 10, for Arochnophila read Arachnophila. 
Page 220, line 27, for Jujurtha read Jujurtia. 

Page 227, line 10, for Elampenze read Elampine. 
Page 268, line 23, for Ameriginee read Amesigine. 
Page 271, line 2, for Dissemphalus read Dissomphalus. 
Page 272, line 7, for Epyrus read Epyris. 

Page 273, line 23, for Perisimus read Perisemus. 














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